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Cavalera S, Anfossi L, Di Nardo F, Baggiani C. Mycotoxins-Imprinted Polymers: A State-of-the-Art Review. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:47. [PMID: 38251263 PMCID: PMC10818578 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites of molds which can contaminate food and beverages. Because of their acute and chronic toxicity, they can have harmful effects when ingested or inhaled, posing severe risks to human health. Contemporary analytical methods have the sensitivity required for contamination detection and quantification, but the direct application of these methods on real samples is not straightforward because of matrix complexity, and clean-up and preconcentration steps are needed, more and more requiring the application of highly selective solid-phase extraction materials. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are artificial receptors mimicking the natural antibodies that are increasingly being used as a solid phase in extraction methods where selectivity towards target analytes is mandatory. In this review, the state-of-the-art about molecularly imprinted polymers as solid-phase extraction materials in mycotoxin contamination analysis will be discussed, with particular attention paid to the use of mimic molecules in the synthesis of mycotoxin-imprinted materials, to the application of these materials to food real samples, and to the development of advanced extraction methods involving molecular imprinting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claudio Baggiani
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (L.A.); (F.D.N.)
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Hua Y, Ahmadi Y, Sonne C, Kim KH. Progress and challenges in sensing of mycotoxins using molecularly imprinted polymers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119218. [PMID: 35364185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin is toxic secondary metabolite formed by certain filamentous fungi. This toxic compound can enter the food chain through contamination of food (e.g., by colonization of toxigenic fungi on food). In light of the growing concerns on the health hazards posed by mycotoxins, it is desirable to develop reliable analytical tools for their detection in food products in both sensitive and efficient manner. For this purpose, the potential utility of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) has been explored due to their meritful properties (e.g., large number of tailor-made binding sites, sensitive template molecules, high recognition specificity, and structure predictability). This review addresses the recent advances in the application of MIPs toward the sensing of various mycotoxins (e.g., aflatoxins and patulin) along with their fabrication strategies. Then, performance evaluation is made for various types of MIP- and non-MIP-based sensing platforms built for the listed target mycotoxins in terms of quality assurance such as limit of detection (LOD). Further, the present challenges in the MIP-based sensing application of mycotoxins are discussed along with the future outlook in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbiao Hua
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Younes Ahmadi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Mukunzi D, Habimana JDD, Li Z, Zou X. Mycotoxins detection: view in the lens of molecularly imprinted polymer and nanoparticles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6034-6068. [PMID: 35048762 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2027338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made functional composites which selectively recognize and bind the target molecule of interest. MIP composites are products of the massively cross-linked polymer matrices, generated via polymerization, with bio-inspired recognition cavities that are morphologically similar in size, shape and spatial patterns to the target conformation. These features have enabled researchers to expand the field of molecular recognition, more specifically for target with peculiar requirements. Nevertheless, MIPs alone are characterized with weak sensitivity. Besides, nanoparticles (NPs) are remarkably sensitive but also suffer from poor selectivity. Intriguingly, the combination of the two results in a highly sensitive and selective MIP composite. For instance, the conjugation of different functional NPs with MIPs can generate new flexible target capture tools, either a dynamic sensor or a novel drug delivery system. In this regard, although the technology is considered an established and feasible approach, it is still perceived as a burgeoning technology for various fields, which makes it unceasingly worthy reviewing. Therefore, in this review, we attempt to give an update on various custom-made biosensors based on MIPs in combination with various NPs for the detection of mycotoxins, the toxic secondary metabolites of fungi. We first summarize the classification, prevalence, and toxicological characteristics of common mycotoxins. Next, we provide an overview of MIP composites and their characterization, and then segment the role of NPs with respect to common types of MIP-based sensors. At last, conclusions and outlook are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mukunzi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jean de Dieu Habimana
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Shi T, Cheng Z, Liu T, Zhang Y. Application of up-conversion molecularly imprinted nanoprobe for selective recognition and straightforward detection of 4-aminobiphenyl. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120405. [PMID: 34547681 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new method was developed for selectively and rapidly detecting carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl, with lower limit of detection and wider linear range. Up-conversion nanoparticles β-NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+ was the first time to choose as light-emitting signal component. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with specific recognition ability were successfully coated on the surface of β-NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+ to obtain a nano fluorescent probe for detecting 4-aminobiphenyl. The effect of addition amount of β-NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+ on the detection ability of β-NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+@MIPs was studied, and composite fluorescence nanoprobe with the best performance was obtained. β-NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+@MIPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The fluorescence intensity of β-NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+@MIPs decreased significantly compared with molecularly non-imprinted polymers β-NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+@NIPs (the maximum emission peak is at 541 nm) in the presence of 4-aminobiphenyl. Adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics between UCNP@MIPs and 4-ABP have been investigated and a satisfactory imprinting factor is 2.5. The detection mechanism is proved to be based on Langmuir adsorption and internal filtration effect. Under optimal experimental conditions, the limit of detection and quantification are 0.16 μM and 0.53 μM, respectively. The linear range of response is 1-50 μM, and RSD is less than 6.7%. This method was applied to determining river water samples in order to evaluate the practicability, and the good recovery rate is between 98.89% and 109.7%. These evidences demonstrate that β-NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+@MIPs is successfully used for the detection of 4-aminobiphenyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yueli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Lin CC, Lin HY, Thomas JL, Yu JX, Lin CY, Chang YH, Lee MH, Wang TL. Embedded Upconversion Nanoparticles in Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Photodynamic Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1923. [PMID: 34944739 PMCID: PMC8698470 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, high-temperature pyrolysis was used to prepare both the core and shell of lantha-nide-doped UCNPs with lithium yttrium tetrafluoride (LiYF4) to enhance the green luminescence. Merocyanine 540 (MC540)-grafted magnetic nanoparticles were incorporated in the PD-L1 pep-tide-imprinted poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) particles, which were formed by precipitation in a non-solvent. UCNPs in the non-solvent bath were thus entrapped in the imprinted particles to generate composite nanoparticles for the targeting and photodynamic therapy of PD-L1 in tumor cells. Finally, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles in HepG2 human liver cancer cells was evaluated with the continuous administration of MC540/MNPs@MIPs/UCNPs under irradiation by an NIR laser. To understand the delivery of the UCNP-embedded molecularly imprinted pol-ymers, the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chih Lin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed-Forces Zuoying General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81342, Taiwan;
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yin Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-X.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - James L. Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Jia-Xin Yu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-X.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-X.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Hua Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-X.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Mei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Liu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-X.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
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Chien HW, Tsai MT, Yang CH, Lee RH, Wang TL. Interaction of LiYF 4:Yb 3+/Er 3+/Ho 3+/Tm 3+@LiYF 4:Yb 3+ upconversion nanoparticles, molecularly imprinted polymers, and templates. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35600-35610. [PMID: 35517120 PMCID: PMC9056933 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, LiYF4:Yb0.253+/Er0.013+/Tm0.013+/Ho0.013+@LiYF4:Yb0.23+ upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) were used as luminescent materials for the preparation of molecular imprinting polymer nanocomposites. Three luminescent molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization. The relationship between the functional monomers, templates, and upconversion nanoparticles was investigated. Two hydrophilic monomers (acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AAm)) and one hydrophobic monomer (N-tert-butylacrylamide (TBAm)) were employed as functional monomers, while one amino acid (cysteine) and two proteins (albumin and hemoglobin) were employed as the templates to investigate the effect of their interaction with LiYF4:Yb3+/Er3+/Ho3+/Tm3+@LiYF4:Yb3+ core/shell UCNPs on the polymerization process, luminescence properties, and adsorption capacity. The results showed that the UCNPs were embedded in the polymeric matrix to form an irregular quasimicrospherical UCNPs@MIP with diameters ranging from several hundred nanometers to several micrometers depending on the functional monomer. The quenching effect was more pronounced for the adsorption of hemoglobin with UCNPs@MIP compared to cysteine and albumin. In addition, the adsorption capacities of the AA- and AAm-made UCNPs@MIP were greater than those of TBAm-made UCNPs@MIP. The rebinding of the templates onto UCNPs@MIP was very fast and approached equilibrium within 30 min, indicating that the synthesized UCNPs@MIP can be employed as fluorescent probes to offer rapid detection of molecules. In this work, LiYF4:Yb0.253+/Er0.013+/Tm0.013+/Ho0.013+@LiYF4:Yb0.23+ upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) were used as luminescent materials for the preparation of molecular imprinting polymer nanocomposites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Wen Chien
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan +886-7-3830674
| | - Min-Ting Tsai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung Kaohsiung 811 Taiwan +886-7-591-9368 ext. 5000
| | - Chien-Hsin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung Kaohsiung 811 Taiwan +886-7-591-9368 ext. 5000
| | - Rong-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Liu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung Kaohsiung 811 Taiwan +886-7-591-9368 ext. 5000
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Ramadan MM, Mohamed MA, Almoammar H, Abd-Elsalam KA. Magnetic nanomaterials for purification, detection, and control of mycotoxins. NANOMYCOTOXICOLOGY 2020:87-114. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-817998-7.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Gui R, Jin H. Recent advances in synthetic methods and applications of photo-luminescent molecularly imprinted polymers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Surface-imprinted β-cyclodextrin-functionalized carbon nitride nanosheets for fluorometric determination of sterigmatomycin. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:808. [PMID: 31745649 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin-functionalized carbon nitride nanosheets were modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer to obtain a fluorescent probe of type MIP@β-CD/CNNS which is shown to enable fluorometric determination of sterigmatocystin (STG). The material was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectra, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and by absorption and emission spectra. The modified CNNSs have a good fluorescence quantum yield (13%), high sorption capacity for STG (86 mg·g-1), fast adsorption rate (25 min), and superior adsorption selectivity (with an imprint factor 2.56). When used as an optical probe for STG, the CNNSs act as the chromophore, while β-CD and MIP act as the recognition groups. The blue fluorescence of MIP@β-CD/CNNS (with excitation/emission maxima at 368/432 nm) is quenched by STG. Fluorescence drops linearly in the 0.15 to 3.1 μM STG concentration range. The lower detection limit is 74 nM. The method was successfully applied to the determination of STG in spiked wheat extract. Conceivably, this detection scheme based on a combination of β-CD inclusion and molecular imprinting may be extended to the detection of various other organic compounds. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of the preparation of surface-imprinted β-cyclodextrin-functionalized carbon nitride nanosheets. These are used, along with a molecularly imprinted polymer, for fluorometric determination of sterigmatomycin.
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Liu JM, Wang ZH, Li CY, Lv SW, Zhao N, Wang S. Construction of molecularly imprinted nanoplatforms with persistent luminescence for the in vitro specific adsorption and in vivo targeted regulation of food-borne biotoxins. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03231b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted nanoplatforms with super-long afterglow persistent luminescence showed in vitro specific adsorption and in vivo targeted regulation ability of food-borne biotoxins by autofluorescence-free nanoimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Min Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health
- School of Medicine, Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health
- School of Medicine, Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health
- School of Medicine, Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Shi-Wen Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health
- School of Medicine, Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health
- School of Medicine, Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health
- School of Medicine, Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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Díaz Nieto CH, Granero AM, Zon MA, Fernández H. Sterigmatocystin: A mycotoxin to be seriously considered. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:460-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Wang H, Chen Q, Zhou S. Carbon-based hybrid nanogels: a synergistic nanoplatform for combined biosensing, bioimaging, and responsive drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4198-4232. [PMID: 29667656 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00399d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanosized crosslinked polymer networks, named as nanogels, are playing an increasingly important role in a diverse range of applications by virtue of their porous structures, large surface area, good biocompatibility and responsiveness to internal and/or external chemico-physical stimuli. Recently, a variety of carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon quantum dots, graphene/graphene oxide nanosheets, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and nanodiamonds, have been embedded into responsive polymer nanogels, in order to integrate the unique electro-optical properties of carbon nanomaterials with the merits of nanogels into a single hybrid nanogel system for improvement of their applications in nanomedicine. A vast number of studies have been pursued to explore the applications of carbon-based hybrid nanogels in biomedical areas for biosensing, bioimaging, and smart drug carriers with combinatorial therapies and/or theranostic ability. New synthetic methods and structures have been developed to prepare carbon-based hybrid nanogels with versatile properties and functions. In this review, we summarize the latest developments and applications and address the future perspectives of these carbon-based hybrid nanogels in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.
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Liu JM, Wei SY, Liu HL, Fang GZ, Wang S. Preparation and Evaluation of Core⁻Shell Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Solid-Phase Extraction and Determination of Sterigmatocystin in Food. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E546. [PMID: 30965842 PMCID: PMC6418914 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs), combination of outstanding magnetism with specific selective binding capability for target molecules, have proven to be attractive in separation science and bio-applications. Herein, we proposed the core⁻shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for food analysis, employing the Fe₃O₄ particles prepared by co-precipitation protocol as the magnetic core and MMIP film onto the silica layer as the recognition and adsorption of target analytes. The obtained MMIPs materials have been fully characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and re-binding experiments. Under the optimal conditions, the fabricated Fe₃O₄@MIPs demonstrated fast adsorption equilibrium, a highly improved imprinting capacity, and excellent specificity to target sterigmatocystin (ST), which have been successfully applied as highly efficient solid-phase extraction materials followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The MMIP-based solid phase extraction (SPE) method gave linear response in the range of 0.05⁻5.0 mg·L-1 with a detection limit of 9.1 µg·L-1. Finally, the proposed method was used for the selective isolation and enrichment of ST in food samples with recoveries in the range 80.6⁻88.7% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) <5.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Min Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
- Research Center of Food Science and Human Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Shu-Yuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hui-Lin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Guo-Zhen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
- Research Center of Food Science and Human Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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