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Zhao Z, Balu R, Gangadoo S, Duta NK, Choudhury NR. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/Polylactic Acid/Tetrapod-Zinc Oxide Whisker Composite Films with Antibacterial Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1039. [PMID: 38674959 PMCID: PMC11055077 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable composite films comprising of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), polylactic acid (PLA), and tetrapod-zinc oxide (T-ZnO) whisker were prepared by a melt-extrusion and blow molding process. The effect of the incorporation of the T-ZnO whisker (1 to 7 wt.%) in the PBAT/PLA blend film was studied systematically. The composite films with an optimal T-ZnO whisker concentration of 3 wt.% exhibited the highest mechanical (tensile strength ~32 MPa), rheological (complex viscosity~1200 Pa.s at 1 rad/s angular frequency), and gas barrier (oxygen permeability~20 cc/m2·day) properties, whereas the composite films with 7 wt.% T-ZnO whiskers exhibited the highest antibacterial properties. The developed composite films can find potential application as antibacterial food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Zhao
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (Z.Z.); (R.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Rajkamal Balu
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (Z.Z.); (R.B.); (S.G.)
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Transformation of Reclaimed Waste into Engineered Materials and Solutions for a Circular Economy (TREMS), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sheeana Gangadoo
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (Z.Z.); (R.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Naba Kumar Duta
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (Z.Z.); (R.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (Z.Z.); (R.B.); (S.G.)
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Transformation of Reclaimed Waste into Engineered Materials and Solutions for a Circular Economy (TREMS), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Moreno-Sanchez D, Sanz de León A, Moreno Nieto D, Delgado FJ, Molina SI. Basalt Fiber Composites with Reduced Thermal Expansion for Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153216. [PMID: 35956730 PMCID: PMC9370959 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is gaining attention as an efficient way to create parts and replacements on demand using thermoplastics. This technology requires the development of new materials with a reliable printability that satisfies the requirement of final parts. In this context, a series of composites based on acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) reinforced with basalt fiber (BF) are reported in this work. First, several surface modification treatments are applied onto the BF to increase their compatibility with the ASA matrix. Then, once the best treatment is identified, the mechanical properties, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and warping distortion of the different specimens designed and prepared by FFF are studied. It was found that the silanized BF is appropriate for an adequate printing, obtaining composites with higher stiffness, tensile strength, low CTE and a significant reduction in part distortion. These composites are of potential interest in the design and manufacturing of final products by FFF, as they show much lower CTE values than pure ASA, which is essential to successfully fabricate large objects using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moreno-Sanchez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Diseño Industrial, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, IMEYMAT, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Alberto Sanz de León
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e I. M. y Q. I., Facultad de Ciencias, IMEYMAT, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Daniel Moreno Nieto
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Diseño Industrial, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, IMEYMAT, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e I. M. y Q. I., Facultad de Ciencias, IMEYMAT, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Sergio I. Molina
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e I. M. y Q. I., Facultad de Ciencias, IMEYMAT, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
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Yao D, Yin G, Bi Q, Yin X, Wang N, Wang DY. Basalt Fiber Modified Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Magnesium Hydroxide Composites with Balanced Flame Retardancy and Improved Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2107. [PMID: 32947867 PMCID: PMC7570181 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we selected basalt fiber (BF) as a functional filler to improve the mechanical properties of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)-based flame retardant materials. Firstly, BF was modified by grafting γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to comprehensively prove the successful modification of the BF surface. Subsequently, the modified BF was introduced into the EVA/magnesium hydroxide (MH) composites by melt blending. The limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimeter test, tensile test, and non-notched impact test were utilized to characterize both the flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of the EVA/MH composites. It was found that the mechanical properties were significantly enhanced without reducing the flame retardant properties of the EVA/MH composites. Notably, the surface treatment with silane is a simple and low-cost method for BF surface modification and the pathway designed in this study can be both practical and effective for polymer performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Yao
- Sino-Spanish Advanced Materials Institute, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (D.Y.); (Q.B.); (X.Y.)
| | - Guangzhong Yin
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Qingqing Bi
- Sino-Spanish Advanced Materials Institute, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (D.Y.); (Q.B.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xu Yin
- Sino-Spanish Advanced Materials Institute, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (D.Y.); (Q.B.); (X.Y.)
| | - Na Wang
- Sino-Spanish Advanced Materials Institute, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (D.Y.); (Q.B.); (X.Y.)
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain;
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Effect of molecular stereoregularity on the transcrystallinization properties of poly(l-lactide)/basalt fiber composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:238-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fan M, Zhou M, Deng S, Chen F, Zhang Q, Fu Q. Property enhancement of poly(butylene succinate)/poly(ethyleneglycol- co
-cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanolterephthalate) blends via high-speed extrusion and in situ
fibrillation. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Fan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
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Cao XY, Tian N, Dong X, Cheng CK. Polylactide Composite Pins Reinforced with Bioresorbable Continuous Glass Fibers Demonstrating Bone-like Apatite Formation and Spiral Delamination Degradation. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E812. [PMID: 31064109 PMCID: PMC6572480 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of polylactide composites reinforced with bioresorbable silicate glass fibers has allowed for the long-term success of biodegradable polymers in load-bearing orthopedic applications. However, few studies have reported on the degradation behavior and bioactivity of such biocomposites. The aim of this work was to investigate the degradation behavior and in vitro bioactivity of a novel biocomposite pin composed of bioresorbable continuous glass fibers and poly-L-D-lactide in simulated body fluid for 78 weeks. As the materials degraded, periodic spiral delamination formed microtubes and funnel-shaped structures in the biocomposite pins. It was speculated that the direction of degradation, from both ends towards the middle of the fibers and from the surface through to the bulk of the polymer matrix, could facilitate bone healing. Following immersion in simulated body fluid, a bone-like apatite layer formed on the biocomposite pins which had a similar composition and structure to natural bone. The sheet- and needle-like apatite nanostructure was doped with sodium, magnesium, and carbonate ions, which acted to lower the Ca/P atomic ratio to less than the stoichiometric apatite and presented a calcium-deficient apatite with low crystallinity. These findings demonstrated the bioactivity of the new biocomposite pins in vitro and their excellent potential for load-bearing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Cao
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Na Tian
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Functional Medical Materials and Devices, Beijing Naton Technology Group Co. LTD, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Xiang Dong
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Functional Medical Materials and Devices, Beijing Naton Technology Group Co. LTD, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Cheng-Kung Cheng
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
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