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Sivanantham M, Senthamaraikannan R, Dirisala A, Ghosh C, Ray D, Tewari C, Padamati R, Choudhury S, Jung YC. Multiple Carbon Morphologies Derived from Polyion Complex-Based Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers as Templates and Phenol as a Carbon Precursor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37506063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the multiple carbon morphology forming abilities of two dissimilar polyion complex (PIC)-based double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBC) along with three different phenol concentrations when subjecting the blend in aqueous media via a hydrothermal-assisted carbonization strategy. The morphological transition from worm-like to spherical along with granular is found for the blend of oppositely charged poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated poly(amino acid) block copolymers, PEG-poly(l-lysine) (PEG-PLys) and PEG-poly(glutamic acid) (PEG-PGlu), along with three different concentrations of phenol. In contrast, after mixing the combination of PEG-PLys and PEG-poly(aspartic acid) (PEG-PAsp) separately with three different phenol contents, elliptical to irregular to spherical structural transition occurred. Fourier transform infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies indicated that the formation of worm-like hybrid micellar structures is attributed to the presence of the β-sheet structure, whereas spherical-shaped hybrid micellar structures are formed due to the existence of α-helix and random coil structures. We discuss the mechanism for the secondary structure-induced morphology formation based on the theory related to the packing parameter, which is commonly used for analyzing the shape of the micellar structures. Secondary structures of the PIC-based DHBC system are responsible for forming multiple carbon morphologies, whereas these structures are absent in the case of the amphiphilic block copolymer (ABC) system. Furthermore, ABC-based template methods require organic solvent, ultrasonication, and a prolonged solvent evaporation process to obtain multiple carbon morphologies. Scanning electron microscopy observations suggested there is no significant morphological change even after subjecting the hybrid micelles to carbonization at elevated temperatures. Raman scattering studies revealed that the degree of graphitization and the graphitic crystallite domain size of the carbonized sample depend on the phenol content. Carbon materials exhibited the highest specific surface area of 579 m2 g-1 along with a pore volume of 0.398 cc g-1, and this observation suggests that the prepared carbons are porous. Our findings illustrate the facile and effective strategy to fabricate the multiple carbon morphologies that can be used as potential candidates for energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sivanantham
- Research and Development Cell, Department of Physics, PRIST Deemed to be University, Vallam, Thanjavur 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Physics, P.R. Engineering College, Vallam, Thanjavur 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Anjaneyulu Dirisala
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Chanchal Ghosh
- Physical Metallurgy Division, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, HBNI, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India
- Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Chetna Tewari
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdongeup, Wanju-gun 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Padamati
- AMBER Centre, School of Chemistry, CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Soumyadip Choudhury
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302 Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Yong Chae Jung
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdongeup, Wanju-gun 55324, Republic of Korea
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Jennings J, Webster-Aikman RR, Ward-O’Brien N, Xie A, Beattie DL, Deane OJ, Armes SP, Ryan AJ. Hydrocarbon-Based Statistical Copolymers Outperform Block Copolymers for Stabilization of Ethanol-Water Foams. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39548-39559. [PMID: 35984897 PMCID: PMC9437873 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined block copolymers have been widely used as emulsifiers, stabilizers, and dispersants in the chemical industry for at least 50 years. In contrast, nature employs amphiphilic proteins as polymeric surfactants whereby the spatial distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids within the polypeptide chains is optimized for surface activity. Herein, we report that polydisperse statistical copolymers prepared by conventional free-radical copolymerization can provide superior foaming performance compared to the analogous diblock copolymers. A series of predominantly (meth)acrylic comonomers are screened to identify optimal surface activity for foam stabilization of aqueous ethanol solutions. In particular, all-acrylic statistical copolymers comprising trimethylhexyl acrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate, P(TMHA-stat-PEGA), confer strong foamability and also lower the surface tension of a range of ethanol-water mixtures to a greater extent than the analogous block copolymers. For ethanol-rich hand sanitizer formulations, foam stabilization is normally achieved using environmentally persistent silicone-based copolymers or fluorinated surfactants. Herein, the best-performing fully hydrocarbon-based copolymer surfactants effectively stabilize ethanol-rich foams by a mechanism that resembles that of naturally-occurring proteins. This ability to reduce the surface tension of low-surface-energy liquids suggests a wide range of potential commercial applications.
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Mao J, Tan H, Yang B, Zhang W, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Novel Hydrophobic Associating Polymer with Good Salt Tolerance. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E849. [PMID: 30960774 PMCID: PMC6403944 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A hydrophobic associating polymer named DiPHAM (acrylamide/sodium acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic/sodium acrylate/N,N-di-n-dodecylacrylamide) with good salt tolerance was synthesized via photo-initiation polymerization. The critical association concentration (CAC) of DiPHAM was determined by viscosity changes to be 490 mg/L with different DiPHAM concentrations and particle sizes varied under such dynamic conditions. The influences of aqueous metal ions with different charges on its aqueous solution were investigated by measuring apparent viscosity, viscoelasticity, thixotropy, rheology, and particle size, and by SEM observation. The apparent viscosity of the DiPHAM solution was affected by metal ions to some extent, but the viscosity of the polymer can be still maintained at 55 mPa·s under 20 × 10⁴ mg/L NaCl. Divalent metal ions show greater impact on DiPHAM aqueous solutions, but the polymer solutions showed resistance to the changes caused in viscosity, structure, and viscoelasticity by Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. The salt tolerance of DiPHAM is due to the combination of hydrophobic association, the electrostatic shield, and double layer compression of the hydration shell. Increasing the ion concentration enhances the dehydration and further compresses the hydration shell, making the non-structural viscosity decrease, even "salting out". Measurements of rheological properties showed that DiPHAM solutions could maintain a relatively high viscosity (0.6%-71 mPa·s/0.3%-50 mPa·s) after 120 min of continuous shearing (170 s-1) at 140 °C. Under high-salinity (5000 mg/L Ca2+/3000 mg/L Mg2+) conditions, the solution with 0.6 wt% DiPHAM still maintained a high viscosity (50 mPa·s/70 mPa·s) after continuously shearing for 120 min at 120 °C and 170 s-1. The good salt tolerance of DiPHAM can lead to a variety of applications, including in fracturing fluids for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and in sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Hongzhong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Xiaojiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
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