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Bilal M, Singh AK, Iqbal HMN, Zdarta J, Chrobok A, Jesionowski T. Enzyme-linked carbon nanotubes as biocatalytic tools to degrade and mitigate environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117579. [PMID: 37944691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A wide array of organic compounds have been recognized as pollutants of high concern due to their controlled or uncontrolled presence in environmental matrices. The persistent prevalence of diverse organic pollutants, including pharmaceutical compounds, phenolic compounds, synthetic dyes, and other hazardous substances, necessitates robust measures for their practical and sustainable removal from water bodies. Several bioremediation and biodegradation methods have been invented and deployed, with a wide range of materials well-suited for diverse environments. Enzyme-linked carbon-based materials have been considered efficient biocatalytic platforms for the remediation of complex organic pollutants, mostly showing over 80% removal efficiency of micropollutants. The advantages of enzyme-linked carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in enzyme immobilization and improved catalytic potential may thus be advantageous for environmental research considering the current need for pollutant removal. This review outlines the perspective of current remediation approaches and highlights the advantageous features of enzyme-linked CNTs in the removal of pollutants, emphasizing their reusability and stability aspects. Furthermore, different applications of enzyme-linked CNTs in environmental research with concluding remarks and future outlooks have been highlighted. Enzyme-linked CNTs serve as a robust biocatalytic platform for the sustainability agenda with the aim of keeping the environment clean and safe from a variety of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland; Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland; Advanced Materials Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico; Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Chrobok
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland.
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Almulaiky YQ, Alkabli J, El-Shishtawy RM. Sustainable Immobilization of β-Glucosidase onto Silver Ions and AgNPs-Loaded Acrylic Fabric with Enhanced Stability and Reusability. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4361. [PMID: 38006085 PMCID: PMC10674166 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified polymer design has attracted significant attention for enzyme immobilization, offering promising applications. In this study, amine-terminated polymers were synthesized by incorporating functional groups into polyacrylonitrile using hexamethylenediamine. This work highlights the successful enzyme immobilization strategy using modified polymers, offering improved stability and expanded operational conditions for potential biotechnological applications. The resulting amino groups were utilized to capture silver ions, which were subsequently converted to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The obtained materials, AgNPs@TA-HMDA (acrylic textiles coated silver nanoparticles AgNPs) and Ag(I)@TA-HMDA (acrylic textiles coated with Ag ion) were employed as supports for β-glucosidase enzyme immobilization. The highest immobilization yields (IY%) were achieved with AgNPs@TA-HMDA at 92%, followed by Ag(I)@TA-HMDA at 79.8%, resulting in activity yields (AY%) of 81% and 73%, respectively. Characterization techniques such as FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, TG/DTG, DSC, and zeta potential were employed to investigate the structural composition, surface morphologies, elemental composition, thermal properties, and surface charge of the support materials. After 15 reuses, the preservation percentages decreased to 76% for AgNPs@TA-HMDA/β-Glu and 65% for Ag(I)@TA-HMDA/β-Glu. Storage stability revealed that the decrease in activity for the immobilized enzymes was smaller than the free enzyme. The optimal pH for the immobilized enzymes was broader (pH 5.5 to 6.5) compared to the free enzyme (pH 5.0), and the optimal temperature for the immobilized enzymes was 60 °C, slightly higher than the free enzyme's optimal temperature of 50 °C. The kinetic analysis showed a slight increase in Michaelis constant (Km) values for the immobilized enzymes and a decrease in maximum velocity (Vmax), turnover number (Kcat), and specificity constant (Kcat/Km) values compared to the free enzyme. Through extensive characterization, we gained valuable insights into the structural composition and properties of the modified polymer supports. This research significantly contributes to the development of efficient biotechnological processes by advancing the field of enzyme immobilization and offering valuable knowledge for its potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaaser Q. Almulaiky
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21921, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Alkabli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts at Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reda M. El-Shishtawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Wu X, Si P. Electrochemical detection of lignin from dietary fiber by laccases immobilized on nanocomposite of CNTs and ionic liquid. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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Laccase multi-point covalent immobilization: characterization, kinetics, and its hydrophobicity applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:719-733. [PMID: 36602562 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila was immobilized using one-point and multi-point covalent attachment on both a native and a modified new commercial epoxy carrier (Immobead 150P). After 10 cycles of operation at pH 3.0 and temperature 70 °C, the multi-point covalently immobilized laccase on the modified Immobead 150P performed best in terms of immobilization characteristics, retaining 95% of its initial activity. Thermodynamic parameters of thermal inactivation emphasized the positive impact of the immobilization procedure. At 50 °C, the immobilized and free enzyme activity levels dropped by 27 and 73%, respectively, after 48 h of incubation. The immobilized enzyme enhanced its stability in alkaline conditions, resuming 95% of its original activity after 3 h at pH 9.0. Immobilization reduced substrate affinity because the free laccase's Km value was lower than that of the immobilized laccase. Finally, the application of immobilized laccase in an innovative wood treatment process was tested by grafting lauryl gallate (LG) in order to provide hydrophobic properties to the wood. The results showed a relative water contact angle of 85.7% for treated wood, whereas the control showed only 26.6%, after 4 min of contact between water and beechwood surface. KEY POINTS: • Multi-point covalent immobilization of a commercial laccase on a commercial support. • Enzymatic parameters generally improved by immobilization process. • New application of immobilized laccase: enzymatic-assisted wood hydrophobization.
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Kyomuhimbo HD, Brink HG. Applications and immobilization strategies of the copper-centred laccase enzyme; a review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13156. [PMID: 36747551 PMCID: PMC9898315 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccase is a multi-copper enzyme widely expressed in fungi, higher plants, and bacteria which facilitates the direct reduction of molecular oxygen to water (without hydrogen peroxide production) accompanied by the oxidation of an electron donor. Laccase has attracted attention in biotechnological applications due to its non-specificity and use of molecular oxygen as secondary substrate. This review discusses different applications of laccase in various sectors of food, paper and pulp, waste water treatment, pharmaceuticals, sensors, and fuel cells. Despite the many advantages of laccase, challenges such as high cost due to its non-reusability, instability in harsh environmental conditions, and proteolysis are often encountered in its application. One of the approaches used to minimize these challenges is immobilization. The various methods used to immobilize laccase and the different supports used are further extensively discussed in this review.
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Elsayed AM, Mahmoud M, Abdel Karim GSA, Abdelraof M, Othman AM. Purification and biochemical characterization of two laccase isoenzymes isolated from Trichoderma harzianum S7113 and its application for bisphenol A degradation. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:1. [PMID: 36593499 PMCID: PMC9806890 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two laccase isoenzymes (LacA and LacB) were isolated from a novel Trichoderma harzianum S7113 isolate employing ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G100, and DEAE Sepharose ion exchange chromatography. The molecular weights of the purified LacA and LacB laccases were estimated to be 63 and 48 kDa, respectively. The two isoenzymes had their optimum activities at the same temperature (50 °C), but at slightly different pH values (pH 3.0 for LacA and pH 2.5 for LacB). LacA and LacB had the same thermal stability at 40 °C and pH stability at pH 9.0. The two isoenzymes also showed a high level of specific activity toward ABTS, where the Km values of LacA and LacB were 0.100 and 0.065 mM, whereas their Vmax values were 0.603 and 0.182 µmol min-1, respectively. LacA and LacB catalytic activity was stimulated by Mg2+, Zn2+, K+, and Ni2+, whereas it was inhibited by Hg2+ and Pb2+, β-mercaptoethanol, EDTA, and SDS, and completely inhibited by sodium azide. Our findings indicate that purified laccase has a promising capacity for bisphenol A (BPA) bioremediation across a broad pH range. This finding opens up new opportunities for the commercialization of this technique in a variety of biotechnology-based applications, particularly for removing endocrine chemicals from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshaimaa M. Elsayed
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Ghada S. A. Abdel Karim
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelraof
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Abdelmageed M. Othman
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
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Alatzoglou C, Patila M, Giannakopoulou A, Spyrou K, Yan F, Li W, Chalmpes N, Polydera AC, Rudolf P, Gournis D, Stamatis H. Development of a Multi-Enzymatic Biocatalytic System through Immobilization on High Quality Few-Layer bio-Graphene. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:nano13010127. [PMID: 36616038 PMCID: PMC9824680 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the green production of few-layer bio-Graphene (bG) through liquid exfoliation of graphite in the presence of bovine serum albumin. Microscopic characterization evaluated the quality of the produced nanomaterial, showing the presence of 3-4-layer graphene. Moreover, spectroscopic techniques also confirmed the quality of the resulted bG, as well as the presence of bovine serum albumin on the graphene sheets. Next, for the first time, bG was used as support for the simultaneous covalent co-immobilization of three enzymes, namely β-glucosidase, glucose oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase. The three enzymes were efficiently co-immobilized on bG, demonstrating high immobilization yields and activity recoveries (up to 98.5 and 90%, respectively). Co-immobilization on bG led to an increase of apparent KM values and a decrease of apparent Vmax values, while the stability of the nanobiocatalysts prevailed compared to the free forms of the enzymes. Co-immobilized enzymes exhibited high reusability, preserving a significant part of their activity (up to 72%) after four successive catalytic cycles at 30 °C. Finally, the tri-enzymatic nanobiocatalytic system was applied in three-step cascade reactions, involving, as the first step, the hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside and cellobiose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Alatzoglou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Archontoula Giannakopoulou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Feng Yan
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wenjian Li
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki C. Polydera
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Awais M, Kamal S, Ijaz F, Rafique M, Rehman S. Improved Catalytic Performance of Aspergillus flavus Laccase Immobilized on the Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jinga LI, Tudose M, Ionita P. Laccase–TEMPO as an Efficient System for Doxorubicin Removal from Wastewaters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116645. [PMID: 35682229 PMCID: PMC9180534 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A large number of drugs are used to treat different diseases, and thus to improve the quality of life for humans. These represent a real ecological threat, as they end up in soil or ground waters in amounts that can affect the environment. Among these drugs, doxorubicin is a highly cytotoxic compound used as anticancer medicine. Doxorubicin can be efficiently removed from wastewater or polluted water using a simple enzymatic (biocatalytic) system, employing the oxidoreductase enzyme laccase and a stable organic nitroxide-free radical, TEMPO. Results presented in this work (as percentage of removal) were obtained at pH 5 and 7, after 2, 4, 6, and 24 h, using different ratios between doxorubicin, laccase, and TEMPO. It was shown that longer time, as well as an increased amount of catalyst, led to a higher percentage of removal, up to 100%. The influence of all these parameters is also discussed. In this way it was shown that the laccase–TEMPO biocatalytic system is highly efficient in the removal of the anticancer drug doxorubicin from wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Izabela Jinga
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90 Panduri, 050663 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Atomistilor 409, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Madalina Tudose
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Petre Ionita
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90 Panduri, 050663 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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