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Ahmad I, Hikmawan BD, Maharani DF, Nisrina N, Arifianti AE, Mun’im A. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent based Ultrasound-assisted extraction: A green approach for extraction of sulfhydryl and mimosine from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit seeds. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20480. [PMID: 37842627 PMCID: PMC10570601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seeds, also known as river tamarind, contain sulfhydryl compounds that exhibit antioxidant effects. However, these seeds also possess a toxic effect from mimosine. In this study, the river tamarind seeds were extracted using a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) based UAE. Among six NADES compositions screened, choline chloride-glycerol (ChCl-Gly) and choline chloride-sucrose (ChCl-Suc) were selected to be further optimized using a Box-Behnken Design in the RSM. The optimization of total sulfhydryl content was performed in 17 runs using three variables, namely water content in NADES (39%, 41%, and 43%), extraction time (5, 10, and 15 min), and the liquid-solid ratio (3, 5, and 7 mL/g). The highest concentration of sulfhydryls was obtained from ChCl-Gly-UAE (0.89 mg/g sample) under the conditions of a water content in NADES of 41% (v/v) and a liquid-solid ratio of 3 mL/g for 15 min, followed by that of from ChCl-Suc-UAE extract under the conditions of water content in NADES of 43% (v/v) and the liquid-solid ratio of 3 mL/g for 10 min with total sulfhydryl level was 0.67 mg/g sample. The maceration method using 30% ethanol resulted in the lowest level of sulfhydryls with a value of 0.52 mg/g. The mimosine compounds obtained in the NADES-based UAE (ChCl-Suc and ChCl-Gly) extracts were 4.95 and 7.67 mg/g, respectively, while 12.56 mg/g in the 30% ethanol-maceration extract. The surface morphology of L. leucocephala seed before and after extraction was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of ChCl-Suc and ChCl-Gly in NADES-based UAE is more selective in attracting sulfhydryl compounds than that of 30% ethanol-maceration extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islamudin Ahmad
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development Laboratory of FARMAKA TROPIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Baso Didik Hikmawan
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development Laboratory of FARMAKA TROPIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Disqi Fahira Maharani
- Undergraduate Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nadya Nisrina
- Undergraduate Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ayun Erwina Arifianti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Mun’im
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- National Metabolomic Collaborative Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
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Anis N, Ahmed D. Modelling and optimization of polyphenol and antioxidant extraction from Rumex hastatus by green glycerol-water solvent according to response surface methodology. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Box–Behnken Design Based Development of UV-Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Tablet Formulations. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9110361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, accurate and inexpensive UV-reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of ascorbic acid in tablet formulations. The method was based on the separation of ascorbic acid using a mobile phase of an acetonitrile-NaH2PO4-H3PO4 buffer solution (pH = 3) (5:95 v/v) with a UV detection wavelength of 245 nm and a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1 at ambient column temperature. The variables of the proposed method, such as acetonitrile fraction (%), flow rate (mL min−1) and column temperature (°C), were optimized on the peak area by response surface methodology via the Box–Behnken design. The mobile phase was passed isocratically, and the separation of ascorbic acid was performed at the retention time of 4.1 min. A calibration graph was obtained and found to be linear in the concentration range of 10–180 µg mL−1. The method suitability was assessed and an asymmetry factor of 1.15 was obtained. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of ascorbic acid in tablet formulations and statistically compared with the results of the reference method. The performance of the proposed method was excellent and in agreement with the reference method. The recovery percentage of the proposed and reference methods was in the range of 99.98–100.04% and showed compliance (100 ± 2%) with regulatory guidelines.
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Determination of Maximum Oil Yield, Quality Indicators and Absorbance Spectra of Hulled Sunflower Seeds Oil Extraction under Axial Loading. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182866. [PMID: 36140994 PMCID: PMC9498589 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to estimate the maximum oil yield of hulled sunflower seed samples in a uniaxial process under a load of 40 kN and speed of 4 mm/min. The oil samples were assessed for their quality parameters and spectra curves within the wavelength range of 325–600 nm. The results show that heating temperatures in the range of 40 °C to 80 °C increased the oil output; however, a maximum oil yield of 48.869 ± 6.023% with a minimum energy of 533.709 ± 65.644 J at the fifth repeated pressing was obtained from the unheated sample compared to the heated samples. The peroxide values ranged from 6.898 ± 0.144 to 7.290 ± 0.507 meq O2/kg, acid values from 1.043 ± 0.166 to 1.998 ± 0.276 mg KOH/g oil and free fatty acid values from 0.521 ± 0.083 to 0.999 ± 0.138 mg KOH/g oil, which were within the recommended quality threshold. There were significant spectral differences among the oil samples. A single absorbance peak was observed at 350 nm for all oil samples, indicating low levels of pigment molecules in the oil. The study revealed the need for repeated pressings to recover the considerable residual oil remaining in the seedcake after the first pressing.
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Adjustable Gel Texture of Recovered Crude Agar Induced by Pressurized Hot Water Treatment of Gelidium sesquipedale Industry Waste Stream: An RSM Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142081. [PMID: 35885323 PMCID: PMC9320704 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant amount of bioactive compound-rich solid waste is released during the industrial phycocolloid-centric extraction of Gelidium sesquipedale. The impact of mild pressurized hot water extraction on repurposing this waste for the recovery of agar with an adjustable gel texture is investigated. A two-factor interaction response surface model assessed the influences of the operating temperatures (80 to 130 °C), times (45 and 150 min), pressures (1 to 70 bar), and algae concentrations (3 to 10% (w:v)). At a temperature of 100 °C, a pressure of 10.13 bar, a recovery time of 45 min, and a 10% algae concentration, the working parameters were considered ideal (w:v). Agar with a hardness of 431.6 g, an adhesiveness of −13.14 g.s−1, a springiness of 0.94, a cohesiveness of 0.63, and a gumminess of 274.46 g was produced under these conditions. A combined desirability of 0.78 was obtained for the exposed technology that retrieved gels with a minimum agar yield of 10% and thermal hysteresis between 39 ± 1 and 52 ± 0.5 °C. The fitted design can provide a high techno-commercial value to the agri-food industrial waste stream.
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Valorization of Coffee Silverskin through Subcritical Water Extraction: An Optimization Based on T-CQA Using Response Surface Methodology. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Coffee silverskin (CS) is the only byproduct of the roasting process for coffee beans and is rich in phenolic compounds with various bioactivities. This study proposes a valorization option for bioactive compounds (T-CQA) based on a subcritical water extraction (SWE) technique, which is known for its high efficiency and feasibility for use on an industrial scale. The use of water as a sole solvent requires a minimum number of cleaning steps and renders the extract safe for further applications, such as in either the cosmetic or food industry. Response surface methodology with a Box–Behnken design is effectively used to optimize and explain the individual and interactive process variables (i.e., extraction temperature, extraction time, and solid–liquid ratio) on the T-CQA content obtained from coffee silverskin by the SWE technique. The final model exhibits a precise prediction of the experimental data obtained for the maximum T-CQA content. Under the optimum conditions, the CS extract is found to contain a higher content of T-CQA and TPC than that reported previously. For antioxidant activity, up to 26.12 ± 3.27 mg Trolox equivalent/g CS is obtained.
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Dhara O, Rani KNP, Chakrabarti PP. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Vegetable Oils – Retrospect and Prospect. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Dhara
- Centre for Lipid Science and Technology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - K N Prasanna Rani
- Centre for Lipid Science and Technology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Pradosh Prasad Chakrabarti
- Centre for Lipid Science and Technology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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