Process Parameters Optimization of Gallic Acid Removal from Water by MIEX Resin Based on Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology based development of an optimized polyherbal formulation and evaluation of its anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Background and aim

The seeds of Nelumbo nucifera, Chenopodium quinoa and Salvia hispanica are known as super foods due to their various therapeutic properties. The present study aimed to develop an optimized polyherbal formulation from edible seeds aqueous extract and to evaluate its anti-diabetic and lipase inhibitory effect on diet-induced obese diabetic mice.

Experimental procedure

Response surface methodology based various formulations were evaluated for their potent anti-diabetic, lipase-inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Acute toxicity of the best optimized formulation was conducted. The mice were fed a high fat diet for 10 weeks resulting in hyperglycemia and obesity. Oral tolerance tests (sucrose, starch and lipid) of the formulation were performed. The mice were supplemented with different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) of the formulation for 6 weeks. The body weight and blood glucose level were monitored on a weekly basis. Finally, histological alterations and lipid profiles were analysed.

Results and conclusion

The formulation containing equal concentration (1.5 mg/ml) of each seed extract showed maximum bioactivities. The formulation was found to be safe during toxicity assay. The tolerance tests supported the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effect. Higher dose (500 mg/kg) of the formulation significantly (p < 0.01) lowered elevated fasting blood glucose, lipid indices and ameliorated the histological alterations in liver, kidney and pancreas caused by high fat diet. We demonstrated for the first time that the developed aqueous extract optimized formulation possess anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential and thus could be used as adjuvant therapy for holistic management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Comparative Studies of RSM, RSM–GA and ANFILS for Modeling and Optimization of Naphthalene Adsorption on Chitosan–CTAB–Sodium Bentonite Clay Matrix

The aim of this article was to compare the predictive abilities of the optimization techniques of response surface methodology (RSM), the hybrid of RSM–genetic algorithm (RSM–GA) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference logic system (ANFILS) for design responses of % removal of naphthalene and adsorption capacity of the synthesized composite nanoparticles of chitosan–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)–sodium bentonite clay.  The process variables considered were surfactant concentration, , activation time, ,  activation temperature, , and chitosan dosage, .  The ANFILS models showed better modeling abilities of the adsorption data on the synthesized composite adsorbent than those of ANN for reason of lower % mean absolute deviation, lower % error value, higher coefficient of determination, , amongst others and lower error functions’ values than those obtained using ANN for both responses.  When applied RSM, the hybrid of RSM–genetic algorithm (RSM–GA) and ANFILS 3–D surface pot optimization technique to determine the optimal conditions for both responses, ANFILS was adjudged the best.  The ANFILS predicted optimal conditions were = 116.00 mg/L, = 2.06 h, = 81.2oC and = 5.20 g.  Excellent agreements were achieved between the predicted responses of 99.055% removal of naphthalene and 248.6375 mg/g adsorption capacity and their corresponding experimental values of 99.020% and 248.86 mg/g with % errors of -0.0353 and 0.0894 respectively.  Hence, in this study, ANFILS has been successfully used to model and optimize the conditions for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing polycyclic aromatic compounds, especially naphthalene and is hereby recommended for such and similar studies.

Application of diatomite for gallic acid removal from molasses wastewater

In this study, diatomite was refined by a simple purification method consisting of calcination combined with acid washing. Optimal purification conditions were the focus, including the influence of conditions on diatomite morphology, structure, and specific surface area. The results showed that the optimal conditions were a 550 °C carbonization temperature and 25 wt% HCl. This purified diatomite was then employed to adsorb gallic acid (GA) from molasses wastewater in a series of adsorption experiments, which illustrated that (ḭ) GA adsorption fitted a pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich equation better with GA adsorption by purified diatomite; (ḭḭ) the adsorption process was physical, nonspontaneous, and endothermic; (ḭḭḭ) the maximum GA adsorption capacity by purified diatomite was 19.852 mg g^-1. This study reported the examination of a promising material for sugar mill wastewater pretreatment.

Production and statistical optimization of Paromomycin by Streptomyces rimosus NRRL 2455 in solid state fermentation

BACKGROUND

Paromomycin is a 2-deoxystreptamine aminocyclitol aminoglycoside antibiotic with broad spectrum activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and many protozoa. This study introduces a strategy for paromomycin production through solid-state fermentation using Streptomyces rimosus subsp. paromomycinus NRRL 2455. Solid state fermentation has gained enormous attention in the development of several products because of their numerous advantages over submerged liquid fermentation. After selecting the best solid substrate, a time course study of paromomycin production was carried out followed by optimization of environmental conditions using response surface methodology. Paromomycin yields obtained using this technique were also compared to those obtained using submerged liquid fermentation.

RESULTS

Upon screening of 6 different substrates, maximum paromomycin concentration (0.51 mg/g initial dry solids) was obtained with the cost-effective agro-industrial byproduct, corn bran, impregnated with aminoglycoside production media. Optimization of environmental conditions using D-optimal design yielded a 4.3-fold enhancement in paromomycin concentration reaching 2.21 mg/g initial dry solids at a pH of 8.5, inoculum size of 5% v/w and a temperature of 30 °C.

CONCLUSION

Compared to submerged liquid fermentation, solid state fermentation resulted in comparable paromomycin concentrations, cost reduction of raw materials, less energy consumption and waste water discharge, which have major implications in industrial fermentation. Therefore, solid state fermentation is a promising alternative to submerged liquid fermentation for paromomycin production. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the optimized paromomycin production through solid state fermentation process.

Optimized Production of the Allylamine Antifungal "Terbinafine" by Lysinibacillus Isolate MK212927 Using Response Surface Methodology

Purpose

We aimed to optimize the factors affecting the production of the allylamine antifungal, terbinafine, by Lysinibacillus isolate MK212927, a natural producer of this broad-spectrum fungicidal compound.

Methods

We employed a central composite design to optimize the five most important variables influencing the production of terbinafine which were carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, pH and agitation.

Results

The optimum conditions were found to be starch 5 g/L, ammonium chloride 5 g/L, temperature 32°C, agitation 150 rpm and pH 7. The actual response (inhibition zone diameter) was highly comparable to the value predicted by the model, indicating a valid model. Using the standard calibration curve of terbinafine, the optimized conditions resulted in an increase in the antifungal metabolite production (terbinafine) by about 1.6-fold (1814.662 µg/mL compared to 1165.550 µg/mL under standardized conditions).

Conclusion

This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, on optimized production of terbinafine by Lysinibacillus species. Hence, these findings may be useful as baseline data for scaling up the production of terbinafine from a natural microbial source.

Green Separation and Extraction Processes: Part I

Supercritical fluid extraction comprises a known technology applied to obtain volatile compounds from flowers, i [...]