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Liang X, Lin D, Zhang W, Chen S, Ding H, Zhong HJ. Progress in the Preparation and Application of Inulin-Based Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1492. [PMID: 38891439 PMCID: PMC11174702 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inulin, a natural polysaccharide, has emerged as a promising precursor for the preparation of hydrogels due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural versatility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the preparation, characterization, and diverse applications of inulin-based hydrogels. Different synthesis strategies, including physical methods (thermal induction and non-thermal induction), chemical methods (free-radical polymerization and chemical crosslinking), and enzymatic approaches, are discussed in detail. The unique properties of inulin-based hydrogels, such as stimuli-responsiveness, antibacterial activity, and their potential as fat replacers, are highlighted. Special emphasis is given to their promising applications in drug delivery systems, especially for colon-targeted delivery, due to the selective degradation of inulin via colonic microflora. The ability to incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs further expands their therapeutic potential. In addition, the applications of inulin-based hydrogels in responsive materials, the food industry, wound dressings, and tissue engineering are discussed. While significant progress has been achieved, challenges and prospects in optimizing synthesis, improving mechanical properties, and exploring new functionalities are discussed. Overall, this review highlights the remarkable properties of inulin-based hydrogels as a promising class of biomaterials with immense potential in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and materials science fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Liang
- Foundation Department, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou 510725, China;
| | - Danlei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (D.L.); (W.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (D.L.); (W.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Shiji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (D.L.); (W.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Hongyao Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hai-Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (D.L.); (W.Z.); (S.C.)
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2
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Samyn P, Cosemans P. Nanocellulose Grades with Different Morphologies and Surface Modification as Additives for Waterborne Epoxy Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1095. [PMID: 38675014 PMCID: PMC11054773 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While adding different micro- and nanocellulose types into epoxy coating formulations with waterborne phenalkamine crosslinker, effects on processing conditions and coating performance were systematically investigated. The variations in viscosity, thermal and thermomechanical properties, mechanical behavior, abrasive wear, water contact angles, and coating morphologies were evaluated. The selected additives include microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) at 1 to 10 wt.% and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), cellulose microfibers (CMF), and hydrophobically modified cellulose microfibers (mCMF) at 0.1 to 1.5 wt.%. The viscosity profiles are determined by the inherent additive characteristics with strong shear thinning effects for epoxy/CNF, while the epoxy/mCMF provides lower viscosity and better matrix compatibility owing to the lubrication of encapsulated wax. The crosslinking of epoxy/CNF is favored and postponed for epoxy/(CNC, CMF, mCMF), as the stronger interactions between epoxy and CNF are confirmed by an increase in the glass transition temperature and reduction in the dampening factor. The mechanical properties indicate the highest hardness and impact strength for epoxy/CNF resulting in the lowest abrasion wear rates, but ductility enhances and wear rates mostly reduce for epoxy/mCMF together with hydrophobic protection. In addition, the mechanical reinforcement owing to the specific organization of a nanocellulose network at percolation threshold concentrations of 0.75 wt.% is confirmed by microscopic analysis: the latter results in a 2.6 °C (CNF) or 1.6 °C (CNC) increase in the glass transition temperature, 50% (CNF) or 20% (CNC) increase in the E modulus, 37% (CNF) or 32% (CNC) increase in hardness, and 58% (CNF) or 33% (CNC) lower abrasive wear compared to neat epoxy, while higher concentrations up to 1.5 wt.% mCMF can be added. This research significantly demonstrates that nanocellulose is directly compatible with a waterborne phenalkamine crosslinker and actively contributes to the crosslinking of waterborne epoxy coatings, changing the intrinsic glass transition temperatures and hardness properties, to which mechanical coating performance directly relates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Samyn
- Department of Innovations in Circular Economy and Renewable Materials, SIRRIS, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
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Ojembarrena FDB, García S, Merayo N, Blanco A, Negro C. Ni(II) and Pb(II) Removal Using Bacterial Cellulose Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3684. [PMID: 37765537 PMCID: PMC10534930 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly crystalline nanosized material with a high number of active groups. This study focuses on the synthesis of BC membranes through fermentation, their characterization and application to remove Ni(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater by adsorption under different conditions. Four-day-grown BC membranes form three-dimensional nanofibril networks with a pH of 6.3 and a high cationic demand (52.5 μeq·g-1). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Sips isotherm model best describe the adsorption of both metals. The intraparticle diffusion model of Ni(II) revealed a three-step mechanism of adsorption-plateau-adsorption, while Pb(II) adsorption followed a typical reducing-slope trend up to saturation. The highest removal of Ni(II) and Pb(II) was obtained at pH 4 with a BC dosage of 400 mg·L-1. The maximum adsorption capacities were 28.18 mg·g-1 and 8.49 mg·g-1 for Ni(II) and Pb(II), respectively, involving the total coverage of the material active sites. Thermodynamically, Ni(II) adsorption was exothermic, and Pb(II) was endothermic. The obtained values of sorption heat, activation and Gibbs' energy depicted a physisorption process. Ni(II) removal mechanism was ruled by crystallization on the metals adsorbed on the BC active groups, while Pb(II) was driven by the adsorption process, as shown by TEM images of the spent material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Borja Ojembarrena
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.)
| | - Sergio García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.)
| | - Noemi Merayo
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Design Engineering, High School of Technical Industrial and Design Engineering (ETSIDI), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angeles Blanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.)
| | - Carlos Negro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.)
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Wu X, Yuan X, Zhao J, Ji D, Guo H, Yao W, Li X, Zhang L. Study on the effects of different pectinase/cellulase ratios and pretreatment times on the preparation of nanocellulose by ultrasound-assisted bio-enzyme heat treatment. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5149-5157. [PMID: 36777933 PMCID: PMC9909377 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08172e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of science and technology, efficient, fast and green methods are increasingly being pursued. The production of nanocellulose by green methods, such as bio-enzymes-assisted ultrasound treatment, has been the focus of many studies. However, the yield of cellulose nanocrystals prepared by this method is very low. In this paper, by pretreatment of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocellulose was prepared by heating and stirring + pectinase/cellulase + ultrasonic treatment (HSt - P/C - Ultr). The effects of the ratios of pectinase and cellulase and the hydrolysis time on the yield of nanocellulose were studied. FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM and TG were used to determine the structure, crystallinity, morphology and thermal stability of nanocellulose. The results showed that optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined as a pectinase : cellulase ratio of 1 : 1, 90 min and 50 °C. The yield of nanocellulose was about 32.0%. The yield of pectinase cellulase = 1 : 1 was higher than that of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) treated by a single bio-enzyme. This indicated that the synergistic effects of pectinase and cellulase have a certain effect on the formation of nanocellulose. During the preparation, the crystalline form of cellulose did not change. It was still cellulose I with a crystallinity of 73.5%, which is 9.50% higher than that of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a width of 20-50 nm, a high aspect ratio and a winding network structure. Therefore, nanocellulose prepared by this method is an ideal toughening material for manufacturing composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Xushuo Yuan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Decai Ji
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Haiyang Guo
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 Zhejiang China
| | - Wentao Yao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Lianpeng Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
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Płoska J, Garbowska M, Pluta A, Stasiak-Różańska L. Bacterial cellulose - innovative biopolymer and possibilities of its applications in dairy industry. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2023.105586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Influence of a Non-Ionic Surfactant in the Microstructure and Rheology of a Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Cellulose Nanofibrils. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213625. [PMID: 34771182 PMCID: PMC8587742 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emulsion stabilization is a broad and relevant field with applications in oil, polymer and food industries. In recent years, the use of solid particles to stabilize emulsions or Pickering emulsions have been studied for their kinetic and physical properties. Nanomaterials derived from natural sources are an interesting alternative for this application. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have been widely explored as a Pickering emulsifier with potential food applications, however, in some cases the presence of surfactants is unavoidable, and the literature is devoid of an evaluation of the effect of a non-ionic food-grade surfactant, such as polysorbate 80, in the stabilization of a vegetable oil by CNFs. To better assess the possible interactions between CNFs and this surfactant emulsions containing coconut oil, an emerging and broadly used oil, were processed with and without polysorbate 80 and evaluated in their qualitative stability, morphological and physical properties. Fluorescence microscopy, dynamic light scattering and rheology were used for this assessment. Results indicate in absence of the surfactant, emulsion stability increased at higher CNFs content, creaming was observed at 0.15 and 0.3 wt.% of CNFs, while it was not evidenced when 0.7 wt.% was used. After the addition of surfactant, the droplets are covered by the surfactant, resulting in particles with a smaller diameter, entrapped in the cellulosic structure. Rheology indicates a lower network stiffness after adding polysorbate 80.
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Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Fluoride Ions Adsorption from Solution onto the Aluminum Oxide Nanolayer of a Bacterial Cellulose-Based Composite Material. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193421. [PMID: 34641236 PMCID: PMC8512848 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The described research examined the adsorption of fluoride ions from solution immobilized onto an aluminum oxide-coated bacterial cellulose-based composite material in which aluminum oxide had been deposited using ALD technology. The kinetic regularities of the adsorption of fluoride ions from the solution as well as the mechanism of the processes were analyzed. The established equations show that the dynamics of adsorption correspond to first-order kinetics. Based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherms, we defined the adsorption equilibrium constants, parameter maximum adsorption, and change in Gibbs free energy. It is shown that, with increasing temperature, an increase in the reaction rate is constant, both forward and reverse. This testifies to the activated character of adsorption of the first fluoride on the surface of the sorbent based on bacterial cellulose modified with an alumina nanolayer. The activation energy of the desorption process is higher than the activation energy of the adsorption process, which characterizes the adsorption as ionic. The negative value of entropy indicates that in the course of sorption, an adsorption complex "aluminum-fluorine" is formed, where the system is more ordered than the initial system in which fluorine ions are in solution. The limiting stages of the process are revealed. The high sorption capacity of the resulting bacterial cellulose-based composite material obtained by means of biosynthesis through cultivation of the bacterium Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans B-11267 was demonstrated.
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Tang Z, Yang M, Qiang M, Li X, Morrell JJ, Yao Y, Su Y. Preparation of Cellulose Nanoparticles from Foliage by Bio-Enzyme Methods. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164557. [PMID: 34443080 PMCID: PMC8400275 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are vast reserves of foliage in nature, which is an inexhaustible precious resource. In this study, the chemical components of five foliage types (pine needles, black locust tree leaves, bamboo leaves, elm leaves and poplar leaves) were analyzed, including cellulose content, hemicellulose content, and lignin content. The bio-enzymatic method was then used to prepare cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) from these five kinds of leaves, and the prepared CNPs were analyzed using TEM, FTIR, FESEM, and XRD. The results showed that the content of hemicellulose in bamboo leaves was the highest, and the lignin content in the other four leaves was the highest. The cellulose content in the five kinds of foliage was arranged from large to small as pine needles (20.5%), bamboo leaves (19.5%), black locust leaves (18.0%), elm leaves (17.6%), and poplar leaves (15.5%). TEM images showed that the CNPs prepared by the five kinds of foliage reached the nanometer level in width and the micrometer level in length; therefore, the CNPs prepared in this study belonged to cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The results of FTIR and XRD showed that CNFs prepared by the enzyme treatment exhibited a typical crystalline structure of cellulose II. The degree of crystallinity (DOC) of CNFs prepared from pine needle, poplar leaves, and bamboo leaves are 78.46%, 77.39%, and 81.51%, respectively. FESEM results showed that the CNFs prepared from pine needles, poplar leaves and bamboo leaves by enzymatic method presents a three-dimensional (3D) network structure, and their widths are 31 nm, 36 nm, and 37 nm, respectively. This study provides a meaningful reference for broadening the use of foliage types and improving their added value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Tang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glue Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.T.); (M.Y.); (M.Q.); (Y.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mingwei Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glue Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.T.); (M.Y.); (M.Q.); (Y.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mingli Qiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glue Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.T.); (M.Y.); (M.Q.); (Y.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glue Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.T.); (M.Y.); (M.Q.); (Y.Y.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Jeffrey J. Morrell
- National Centre for Timber Durability and Design Life, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Yao Yao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glue Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.T.); (M.Y.); (M.Q.); (Y.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yanwei Su
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glue Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.T.); (M.Y.); (M.Q.); (Y.Y.); (Y.S.)
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He J, Lee SS, Colakyan M, Kalyon DM. Viscoelastic properties and flow instabilities of aqueous suspensions of cellulosic fibers: Effects of a gelation agent on dispersion, rheology, and flow stability. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Highly Filled Materials Institute Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken New Jersey USA
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken New Jersey USA
| | - Stephanie S. Lee
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken New Jersey USA
| | | | - Dilhan M. Kalyon
- Highly Filled Materials Institute Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken New Jersey USA
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken New Jersey USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken New Jersey USA
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