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Du C, Chen X, Wu H, Pan Z, Chen C, Zhong G, Cai C. A novel cationic covalent organic framework as adsorbent for simultaneous removal of methyl orange and hexavalent chromium. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24064-24070. [PMID: 37577086 PMCID: PMC10415750 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03726f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous removal of toxic, carcinogenic organic dyes and metal ions from water by one material offers significant advantages when fast, facile, and robust water purification is required. Ionic covalent organic frameworks (ICOFs) have the combined properties of COFs and ion exchange resins and are expected to achieve simultaneous capture of heavy metal ions and organic dyes from water. Herein, a novel guanidinium-based ICOF was synthesized using a solvothermal method. Benefitting from the cationic character, porosity and nanoscale pore size of ICOFs, the adsorbent exhibited high simultaneous adsorption capacities of 290 mg g-1 and 158 mg g-1 for methyl orange (MO) and Cr(vi), respectively, and retained more than 90% adsorption capacity after six adsorption-desorption cycles. In addition, based on dual control of size-exclusion and charge-selection, precisely selective adsorption is achieved towards diverse mixed anionic and cationic pollutants. This strategy offers a practical solution for COFs to confront environmental pollution issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Du
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Hongping Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Zilu Pan
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Guanqun Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Changqun Cai
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
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Goswami MK, Srivastava A, Dohare RK, Tiwari AK, Srivastav A. Recent advances in conducting polymer-based magnetic nanosorbents for dyes and heavy metal removal: fabrication, applications, and perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27458-4. [PMID: 37195615 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, treating and disposing of industrial pollutants is a techno-economic challenge. Industries' large production of harmful heavy metal ions (HMIs) and dyes and inappropriate disposal worsen water contamination. Much attention is required on the development of efficient and cost-effective technologies and approaches for removing toxic HMIs and dyes from wastewater as they pose a severe threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems. Due to the proven superiority of adsorption over other alternative methods, various nanosorbents have been developed for the efficient removal of HMIs and dyes from wastewater and aqueous solutions. Being a good adsorbent, conducting polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites (CP-MNCPs) has drawn more attention for HMIs and dye removal. Conductive polymers' pH-responsiveness makes CP-MNCP ideal for wastewater treatment. The composite material absorbed dyes and/or HMIs from contaminated water could be removed by changing the pH. Here, we review the production strategies and applications of CP-MNCPs for HMIs and dye removal. The review also sheds light on the adsorption mechanism, adsorption efficiency, kinetic and adsorption models, and regeneration capacity of the various CP-MNCPs. To date, various modifications to conducting polymers (CPs) have been explored to improve the adsorption properties. It is evident from the literature survey that the combination of SiO2, graphene oxide (GO), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with CPs-MNCPs enhances the adsorption capacity of nanocomposites to a large extent, so future research should lean toward the development of cost-effective hybrid CPs-nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajeev Kumar Dohare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Anjani Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, UP, India
| | - Anupam Srivastav
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra, 282005, UP, India
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Suručić L, Janjić G, Marković B, Tadić T, Vuković Z, Nastasović A, Onjia A. Speciation of Hexavalent Chromium in Aqueous Solutions Using a Magnetic Silica-Coated Amino-Modified Glycidyl Methacrylate Polymer Nanocomposite. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16062233. [PMID: 36984113 PMCID: PMC10052201 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A new magnetic amino-functionalized polymeric sorbent based on glycidyl methacrylate was synthesized and used in the separation of chromium Cr(VI) oxyanions sorption from aqueous solutions in a static batch system. The kinetic and isothermal parameters of the sorption process were determined. The experimental data were best fitted by a pseudo-second-order model with R2 = 0.994 and χ2 = 0.004. The sorption process of Cr(VI) removal by amino-functionalized sorbent was controlled by both intraparticle diffusion and liquid film diffusion. The equilibrium results showed that the sorption process is best described by the Freundlich model, followed closely by the Sips isotherm model, with a maximum sorption capacity of 64 mg/g. Quantum chemical modeling revealed that the sorption sites on the sorbent surface are fragments with diethylenetriamine and aminopropyl silane groups that coated the magnetic nanoparticles. The calculations showed that Cr(VI) oxyanions (Cr2O72-, CrO42- and HCrO4-) bind to both sorption sites, with diethylenetriamine centers slightly favored. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra demonstrate that the chromium bound to the sorbent in the form of Cr(III), indicating that the Cr(VI) can be converted on the surface of the sorbent to a less harmful form Cr(III) due to the sorbent's chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Suručić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Save Mrkalja 14, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Goran Janjić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Marković
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Tadić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Vuković
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nastasović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Antonije Onjia
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (A.O.)
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Turning waste into valuables: In situ deposition of polypyrrole on the obsolete mask for Cr(VI) removal and desalination. Sep Purif Technol 2023; 306:122643. [PMID: 36406342 PMCID: PMC9661547 DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The global mask consumption has been exacerbated because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Simultaneously, the traditional mask disposal methods (incineration and landfill) have caused serious environmental pollution and waste of resources. Herein, a simple and green mass-production method has been proposed to recycle carbon protective mask (CPM) into the carbon protective mask/polydopamine/polypyrrole (CPM/PDA/PPy) composite by in situ polymerization of PPy. The CPM/PDA/PPy composite was used for the removal of Cr(VI) and salt ions to produce clean water. The synergistic effect of PPy and the CPM improved the removal capability of Cr(VI). The CPM/PDA/PPy composite provided high adsorption capacity (358.68 mg g-1) and economic value (811.42 mg $-1). Consequently, the CPM/PDA/PPy (cathode) was combined with MnO2 (anode) for desalination in CDI cells, demonstrated excellent desalination capacity (26.65 mg g-1) and ultrafast salt adsorption rate (6.96 mg g-1 min-1), which was higher than conventional CDI cells. Our work proposes a new low-carbon strategy to recycle discarded masks and demonstrates their utilization in Cr(VI) removal and seawater desalination.
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Ji Z, Zhang Y, Yan H, Wu B, Wei B, Guo Y, Wang H, Li C. Adsorption of lead and tetracycline in aqueous solution by magnetic biomimetic bone composite. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-023-04715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Green Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Its Applications in Wastewater Treatment. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10120260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the extract of Citrus aurantium (CA) was used as a green approach for the preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The green Fe3O4 (Fe3O4/CA) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The synthesized Fe3O4/CA was used to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. A four-factor central composite design (CCD), combined with response surface modeling (RSM), was used to maximize the MB dye removal. The four independent variables, which were initial dye concentration (10–50 mg/L), solution pH (3–9), adsorbent dose (ranging from 200–1000 mg/L), and contact time (30–90 min), were used as inputs to the model of the perecentage dye removal. The results yielded by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the high significance of the regression model. The predicted values of the MB dye removal were in agreement with the corresponding experimental values. Optimized conditions for the maximum MB dye removal (93.14%) by Fe3O4/CA were the initial dye concentration (10.02 mg/L), pH (8.98), adsorbent mass (997.99 mg/L), and contact time (43.71 min). The validity of the quadratic model was examined, and good agreement was found between the experimental and predicted values. Our findings demonstrated that green Fe3O4NPs is a good adsorbent for MB removal.
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Stejskal J. Recent Advances in the Removal of Organic Dyes from Aqueous Media with Conducting Polymers, Polyaniline and Polypyrrole, and Their Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4243. [PMID: 36236189 PMCID: PMC9573281 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Water pollution by organic dyes, and its remediation, is an important environmental issue associated with ever-increasing scientific interest. Conducting polymers have recently come to the forefront as advanced agents for removing dye. The present review reports on the progress represented by the literature published in 2020-2022 on the application of conducting polymers and their composites in the removal of dyes from aqueous media. Two composites, incorporating the most important polymers, polyaniline, and polypyrrole, have been used as efficient dye adsorbents or photocatalysts of dye decomposition. The recent application trends are outlined, and future uses also exploiting the electrical and electrochemical properties of conducting polymers are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Stejskal
- University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
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Li Y, Lan L, Zhou F, Peng J, Guo L, Wang F, Zhang Z, Wang L, Mao J. Flexible and easy-handling pristine polypyrrole membranes with bayberry-like vesicle structure for enhanced Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129598. [PMID: 35872453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole has been extensively explored for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater towing to the advantages of superior performance, low cost, facile synthesis, and high environmental stability. However, the unsatisfactory adsorption capacity and complicated process of adsorbent separation from aqueous solutions remain a huge challenge, limiting its practical application. Herein, a flexible PPy membrane with bayberry-like vesicle structures (PPy-B) was prepared via template-assisted interfacial polymerization. It was found that sodium sulfosalicylate not only improved the flexibility and strength of the PPy-B membrane for easy-handling but also participated in the polymerization of PPy as a dopant to improve the specific surface area and doping level for increasing adsorption sites. Benefiting from these, the easy-handling PPy-B membrane exhibited a high adsorption capacity (586.90-682.50 mg/g at 298-318 K), a high reusability (five adsorption-desorption cycles), and a high ultimate adsorption capacity after adsorption-desorption cycles until membrane failure (1174.86 mg/g at 298 K). The proposed mechanisms of the enhanced Cr(VI) removal involve electrostatic adsorption, reduction, and ion exchange. This flexible PPy membrane therefore shows attractive advantages in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lizhen Lan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fengkai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiamin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lamei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jifu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Alzahrani FM, Amari A, Katubi KM, Alsaiari NS, Tahoon MA. The synthesis of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites for the effective removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The present study reports the synthesis of a polydopamine (PDA)/nanocellulose (NC) nanocomposite for the effective removal of chromium ions from water. PDA was used to modify NC surface producing a nanocomposite namely PDA/NC, by in situ polymerization of dopamine on the surface of NC. Thereafter, the as-synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using familiar techniques such as Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. All results indicated the successful combination of PDA and NC in one nanocomposite. The PDA/NC nanocomposite was evaluated for the removal of hexavalent Cr(vi) ions from an aqueous solution. The adsorption conditions, such as pH, contact time, and initial Cr(vi) concentration, were optimized. Adsorption kinetic studies revealed that Cr(vi) removal on the surface of PDA/NC nanocomposite followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, isotherm studies revealed that Cr(vi) removal followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity (q
m) of 210 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism study indicated that the Cr(vi) removal was reached via complexation, adsorption, and chemical reduction. The reusability of a PDA/NC nanocomposite for the removal of Cr(vi) ions was studied up to five cycles with acceptable results. The high adsorption capacity and multiple removal mechanisms validated the effective applicability of PDA/NC nanocomposite as a useful adsorbent for the removal of Cr(vi) ions from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Mohammed Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University , P.O. Box 84428 , Riyadh 11671 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelfattah Amari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University , Abha 61411 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Processes, Research Laboratory of Processes, Energetics, Environment and Electrical Systems, National School of Engineers, Gabes University , Gabes 6072 , Tunisia
| | - Khadijah Mohammedsaleh Katubi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University , P.O. Box 84428 , Riyadh 11671 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Salem Alsaiari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University , P.O. Box 84428 , Riyadh 11671 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Tahoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University , Mansoura 35516 , Egypt
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Dinari R, Hosseini SH, Tanzifi M, Mansouri M. Comprehensive study of Acid Yellow 42 adsorption by green synthesized polypyrrole/tannicacid/iron nanocomposites. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2112602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Dinari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Marjan Tanzifi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mansouri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
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Special Issue on “Tailoring Polymeric Materials for Specific Applications”. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers are a vast class of materials that are highly tailorable to a wide variety of applications and can be modified in numerous ways [...]
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12
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Idumah CI. Recently Emerging Trends in Magnetic Polymer Hydrogel Nanoarchitectures. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2033769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Igwe Idumah
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
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Chigondo M, Nyamunda B, Maposa M, Chigondo F. Polypyrrole-based adsorbents for Cr(VI) ions remediation from aqueous solution: a review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1600-1619. [PMID: 35290234 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are principally responsible for the manifestation of toxic and carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) triggering water pollution that threatens the environment and human health. The World Health Organisation (WHO) restricts Cr(VI) ion concentration to 0.1 and 0.05 mg/L in inland surface water and drinking water, respectively. The available technologies for Cr(VI) ion removal from water were highlighted with an emphasis on the adsorption technology. Furthermore, the characteristics of several polypyrrole-based adsorbents were scrutinized including amino-containing compounds, biosorbents, graphene/graphene oxide, clay materials and many other additives with reported effective Cr(VI) ion uptake. This efficiency in Cr(VI) ions adsorption is attributed to enhanced redox properties, increased number of functional groups as well as the synergistic behaviour of the materials making up the composites. The Langmuir isotherm best described the adsorption processes with maximum adsorption capacities ranging from 3.40-961.50 mg/g. The regeneration of Cr(VI) ion-laden adsorbents was studied. Ion exchange, electrostatic attractions, complexation, chelation reactions with protonated sites and reduction were the mechanisms of adsorption. Nevertheless, there are limited details on comprehensive adsorbent regeneration studies to prolong robustness in adsorption-desorption cycles and utilization of the Cr(VI) ion-laden adsorbent in other areas of research to limit the threat of secondary pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Chigondo
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering, Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, Fern Hill Campus, P. Bag 7001, Mutare, Zimbabwe E-mail: ,
| | - Benias Nyamunda
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering, Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, Fern Hill Campus, P. Bag 7001, Mutare, Zimbabwe E-mail: ,
| | - Munashe Maposa
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering, Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, Fern Hill Campus, P. Bag 7001, Mutare, Zimbabwe E-mail: ,
| | - Fidelis Chigondo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe
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Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Polypyrrole Functionalized Nanocellulose for the Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213691. [PMID: 34771248 PMCID: PMC8587301 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are toxic substances that pose a real danger to humans and organisms, even at low concentration. Therefore, there is an urgent need to remove heavy metals. Herein, the nanocellulose (NC) was synthesized by the hydrolysis of cellulose using sulfuric acid, and then functionalized using polypyrrole (ppy) through a polymerization reaction to produce polypyrrole/nanocellulose (ppy/NC) nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using familiar techniques including XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and TGA. The obtained results showed a well-constructed nanocomposite with excellent thermal stability in the nano-sized scale. The adsorption experiments showed that the ppy/NC nanocomposite was able to adsorb hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The optimum pH for the removal of the heavy metal was pH 2. The interfering ions showed minor effect on the adsorption of Cr(VI) resulted from the competition between ions for the adsorption sites. The adsorption kinetics were studied using pseudo 1st order and pseudo 2nd order models indicating that the pseudo second order model showed the best fit to the experimental data, signifying that the adsorption process is controlled by the chemisorption mechanism. Additionally, the nanocomposite showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 560 mg/g according to Langmuir isotherm. The study of the removal mechanism showed that Cr(VI) ions were removed via the reduction of high toxic Cr(VI) to lower toxic Cr(III) and the electrostatic attraction between protonated ppy and Cr(VI). Interestingly, the ppy/NC nanocomposite was reused for Cr(VI) uptake up to six cycles showing excellent regeneration results. Subsequently, Cr(VI) ions can be effectively removed from aqueous solution using the synthesized nanocomposite as reusable and cost-effective adsorbent.
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The Biocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes Using Laccase Immobilized Magnetic Nanoparticles. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11178216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Free laccase has limitations for its use in industrial applications that require laccase immobilization on proper support, to improve its catalytic activity. Herein, the nanoparticles of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) and copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) were successfully used as support for the immobilization of free laccase, using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. The immobilization conditions of laccase on the surface of nanoparticles were optimized to reach the maximum activity of the immobilized enzyme. The synthesized free nanoparticles and the nanoparticle-immobilized laccase were characterized using different techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). CuFe2O4 nanoparticles, as support, enhanced laccase activity compared to free laccase and Fe3O4 nanoparticle-immobilized laccase that appeared during the study of pH, temperature, and storage stability on free and immobilized laccase. The CuFe2O4 and Fe3O4 nanoparticle-immobilized laccase showed superior activity in a wide pH range, temperature range, and storage period, up to 20 days at 4.0 °C, when compared to free laccase. Additionally, the synthesized nanobiocatalysts were examined and optimized for the biodegradation of the anionic dye Direct Red 23 (DR23). HPLC analysis was used to confirm the dye degradation. The reusability of immobilized laccases for the biodegradation of DR23 dye was investigated for up to six successive cycles, with a decolorization efficiency over 70.0%, which indicated good reusability and excellent stability.
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Roa K, Tapiero Y, Thotiyl MO, Sánchez J. Hydrogels Based on Poly([2-(acryloxy)ethyl] Trimethylammonium Chloride) and Nanocellulose Applied to Remove Methyl Orange Dye from Water. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142265. [PMID: 34301023 PMCID: PMC8309228 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based hydrogels that adsorb contaminant dyes, such as methyl orange (MO), were synthesized and characterized in this study. The synthesis of poly([2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride) and poly(ClAETA) hydrogels containing cellulose nanofibrillated (CNF) was carried out by free-radical polymerization based on a factorial experimental design. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry. Adsorption studies of MO were performed, varying time, pH, CNF concentration, initial dye concentration and reuse cycles, determining that when the hydrogels were reinforced with CNF, the dye removal values reached approximately 96%, and that the material was stable when the maximum swelling capacity was attained. The maximum amount of MO retained per gram of hydrogel (q = mg MO g−1) was 1379.0 mg g−1 for the hydrogel containing 1% (w w−1) CNF. Furthermore, it was found that the absorption capacity of MO dye can be improved when the medium pH tends to be neutral (pH = 7.64). The obtained hydrogels can be applicable for the treatment of water containing anionic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Roa
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160000, Chile; (K.R.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yesid Tapiero
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160000, Chile; (K.R.); (Y.T.)
| | | | - Julio Sánchez
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160000, Chile; (K.R.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Polyethylenimine-Modified Magnetic Chitosan for the Uptake of Arsenic from Water. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The removal of heavy metals from water has become a global environmental problem. Various materials have been applied as adsorbent to remove metals from water. In this field, nanomaterials have been gaining increasing interest due to their exceptional properties. In this work, we discuss the synthesis of a core-shell structure nanocomposite by the modification of magnetic chitosan (CS) (Fe3O4/CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) to produce Fe3O4/CS/PEI composite for the adsorption of arsenic ions (As(V) and As(III)) from aqueous solution. The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results indicated the successful combination of three components of the nanocomposite. The adsorption conditions were optimized by studying the effect of different parameters included pH, contact time, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage. The optimum adsorption pH was found to be 6.7 while the optimum adsorbent dosage was found to be 2.0 and 1.5 g/L for As(III) and As(V), respectively. The removal efficiency for the uptake of As(III) and As(V) ions over Fe3O4/CS/PEI nanocomposite at optimum conditions was found to be 99.5 and 99.7%, respectively. The experimental results were fitted using Freundlich’s and Langmuir’s isotherms. The data were more fitted to Langmuir isotherm providing a suggestion of monolayer adsorption with maximum adsorption capacity equal to 77.61 and 86.50 mg/g for the removal of As(III) and As(V), respectively. Moreover, linear regression coefficient (R2) indicated that the adsorption of arsenic ions over the synthesized magnetic nanocomposite obeyed pseudo 2nd order suggesting the chemisorption process. The reusability of the nanosorbent for arsenic uptake using sodium hydroxide as eluent was also assessed up to five cycles. Interestingly, Fe3O4/CS/PEI nanocomposite can be considered as a promising adsorbent for As ions’ removal from water and should be tested for the removal of other pollutants.
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Alzahrani FM, Alsaiari NS, Katubi KM, Amari A, Ben Rebah F, Tahoon MA. Synthesis of Polymer-Based Magnetic Nanocomposite for Multi-Pollutants Removal from Water. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1742. [PMID: 34073555 PMCID: PMC8199017 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A magnetic polymer-based nanocomposite was fabricated by the modification of an Fe3O4/SiO2 magnetic composite with polypyrrole (PPy) via co-precipitation polymerization to form PPy/Fe3O4/SiO2 for the removal of Congo red dye (CR) and hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) ions from water. The nanocomposite was characterized using various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), vibration sample magnetometer, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results confirm the successful fabrication of the nanocomposite in the size of nanometers. The effect of different conditions such as the contact time, adsorbent dosage, solution pH, and initial concentration on the adsorption process was investigated. The adsorption isotherm suggested monolayer adsorption of both contaminants over the PPy/Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite following a Langmuir isotherm, with maximum adsorption of 361 and 298 mg.g-1 for CR dye and Cr(VI), respectively. Furthermore, the effect of water type on the adsorption process was examined, indicating the applicability of the PPy/Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite for real sample treatment. Interestingly, the reusability of the nanocomposite for the removal of the studied contaminants was investigated with good results even after six successive cycles. All results make this nanocomposite a promising material for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Mohammed Alzahrani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Norah Salem Alsaiari
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Abdelfattah Amari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy and Environment, National School of Engineers, Gabes University, Gabes 6072, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Ben Rebah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax (ISBS), Sfax University, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed A. Tahoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Partially Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified with Polyacrylonitrile for the Removal of Sm3+ from Water. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An in situ emulsion polymerization method was used for the synthesis of polyacrylonitrile nanoparticles amino-functionalized partially reduced graphene oxide (PAN-PRGO). After that, hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile nanoparticles amino-functionalized partially reduced graphene oxide (HPAN-PRGO) nanocomposite was achieved by the modification of nitrile groups of the composite polymer chains to carboxylic groups, aminoethylene diamine, and amidoxime functional groups through partial hydrolysis using a basic solution of sodium hydroxide for 20 min. Different synthesized materials were characterized and compared using well-known techniques including transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectra, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The nanocomposite was structured through the interaction between acrylonitrile’s (AN) nitrile groups and amino-functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets’ amino groups to successfully graft polyacrylonitrile over the surface of functionalized nanosheets as approved by characterization techniques. The synthesized composite was examined for the removal of samarium ions (Sm3+) from water. Different experimental conditions including pH, contact time, initial concentration, and adsorbent dose were investigated to determine the optimum conditions for the metal capture from water. The optimum conditions were found to be a contact time of 15 min, pH 6, and 0.01 g of adsorbent dosage. The experimental results found, in a good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacity of Sm3+ uptake was equal to 357 mg/g. A regeneration and reusability study of synthesized composite up to six cycles indicated the ability to use HPAN-PRGO nanocomposite several times for Sm3+ uptake. The obtained results prove that this polymer-based composite is a promising adsorbent for water treatment that must be studied for additional pollutants removal in the future.
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