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Padaga SG, Bhatt H, Ch S, Paul M, Itoo AM, Ghosh B, Roy S, Biswas S. Glycol Chitosan-Poly(lactic acid) Conjugate Nanoparticles Encapsulating Ciprofloxacin: A Mucoadhesive, Antiquorum-Sensing, and Biofilm-Disrupting Treatment Modality for Bacterial Keratitis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18360-18385. [PMID: 38573741 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis (BK) causes visual morbidity/blindness if not treated effectively. Here, ciprofloxacin (CIP)-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) using glycol chitosan (GC) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) conjugate at three different ratios (CIP@GC(PLA) NPs (1:1,5,15)) were fabricated. CIP@GC(PLA) NPs (1:1) were more effective than other tested ratios, indicating the importance of optimal hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance for corneal penetration and preventing bacterial invasion. The CIP@GC(PLA) (NPs) (1:1) realized the highest association with human corneal epithelial cells, which were nonirritant to the hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM test) and demonstrated significant antibacterial response in the in vitro minimum inhibitory, bactericidal, live-dead cells, zone of inhibition, and biofilm inhibition assays against the keratitis-inducing pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antiquorum sensing activity of GC has been explored for the first time. The NPs disrupted the bacterial quorum sensing by inhibiting the production of virulence factors, including acyl homoserine lactones, pyocyanin, and motility, and caused significant downregulation of quorum sensing associated genes. In the in vivo studies, CIP@GC(PLA) NPs (1:1) displayed ocular retention in vivo (∼6 h) and decreased the opacity and the bacterial load effectively. Overall, the CIP@GC(PLA) NP (1:1) is a biofilm-disrupting antiquorum sensing treatment regimen with clinical translation potential in BK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Ganga Padaga
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Himanshu Bhatt
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Sanjay Ch
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Milan Paul
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Asif Mohd Itoo
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Sanhita Roy
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
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Roshni J, Ahmad SF, Wani A, Ahmed SSSJ. Multi-Target Effect of Aloeresin-A against Bacterial and Host Inflammatory Targets Benefits Contact Lens-Related Keratitis: A Multi-Omics and Quantum Chemical Investigation. Molecules 2023; 28:6955. [PMID: 37836798 PMCID: PMC10574460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact lens-mediated microbial keratitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae provokes corneal damage and vision loss. Recently, natural phytochemicals have become complementary medicines for corneal destruction. Herein, we aimed to identify multi-targeting Aloe vera-derived phytochemicals capable of inhibiting bacterial and host targets of keratitis through ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, MMGBSA (molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area) and density functional theory (DFT) investigations. An extensive literature search revealed ExoU, ExoS, ExoT, ExoY, and PLY as virulent bacterial targets. Simultaneously, differential gene expression (DGE) and pathway enrichment analysis-specified host transcription factor (SPI1) influences keratitis pathogenesis. Molecular docking analysis uncovered aloeresin-A as a promising inhibitor against bacterial and host targets, demonstrating strong binding energies ranging from -7.59 to -6.20 kcal/mol. Further, MMGBSA and MD simulation analysis reflect higher binding free energies and stable interactions of aloeresin-A with the targets. In addition, DFT studies reveal the chemical reactiveness of aloeresin-A through quantum chemical calculations. Hence, our findings show aloeresin-A to be a promising candidate for effectively inhibiting keratitis. However, additional research is imperative for potential integration into lens care solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jency Roshni
- Drug Discovery and Multi-Omics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubakar Wani
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shiek S. S. J. Ahmed
- Drug Discovery and Multi-Omics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hayashida A, Saeed HN, Zhang F, Song Y, Liu J, Parks WC, Bispo PJM, Park PW. Sulfated motifs in heparan sulfate inhibit Streptococcus pneumoniae adhesion onto fibronectin and attenuate corneal infection. PROTEOGLYCAN RESEARCH 2023; 1:e9. [PMID: 38957622 PMCID: PMC11218895 DOI: 10.1002/pgr2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A large number of bacterial pathogens bind to host extracellular matrix (ECM) components. For example, many Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens express binding proteins for fibronectin (FN) on their cell surface. Mutagenesis studies of bacterial FN-binding proteins have demonstrated their importance in pathogenesis in preclinical animal models. However, means to draw on these findings to design therapeutic approaches that specifically target FN-bacteria interactions have not been successful because bacterial pathogens can elaborate several FN-binding proteins and also because FN is an essential protein and likely a nondruggable target. Here we report that select heparan compounds potently inhibit Streptococcus pneumoniae infection of injured corneas in mice. Using intact heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin (HP), heparinase-digested fragments of HS, HP oligosaccharides, and chemically or chemoenzymatically modified heparan compounds, we found that inhibition of S. pneumoniae corneal infection by heparan compounds is not mediated by simple charge effects but by a selective sulfate group. Removal of 2-O-sulfates significantly inhibited the ability of HP to inhibit S. pneumoniae corneal infection, whereas the addition of 2-O-sulfates to heparosan (H) significantly increased H's ability to inhibit bacterial corneal infection. Proximity ligation assays indicated that S. pneumoniae attaches directly to FN fibrils in the corneal epithelial ECM and that HS and HP specifically inhibit this binding interaction in a 2-O-sulfate-dependent manner. These data suggest that heparan compounds containing 2-O-sulfate groups protect against S. pneumoniae corneal infection by inhibiting bacterial attachment to FN fibrils in the subepithelial ECM of injured corneas. Moreover, 2-O-sulfated heparan compounds significantly inhibited corneal infection in immunocompromised hosts, by a clinical keratitis isolate of S. pneumoniae, and also when topically administered in a therapeutic manner. These findings suggest that the administration of nonanticoagulant 2-O-sulfated heparan compounds may represent a plausible approach to the treatment of S. pneumoniae keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Hayashida
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hajirah N. Saeed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Yuefan Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William C. Parks
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paulo J. M. Bispo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pyong Woo Park
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Das S, D’Souza S, Gorimanipalli B, Shetty R, Ghosh A, Deshpande V. Ocular Surface Infection Mediated Molecular Stress Responses: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063111. [PMID: 35328532 PMCID: PMC8952005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection mediated ocular surface stress responses are activated as early defense mechanisms in response to host cell damage. Integrated stress responses initiate the host response to different types of infections and modulate the transcription of key genes and translation of proteins. The crosstalk between host and pathogen results in profound alterations in cellular and molecular homeostasis triggering specific stress responses in the infected tissues. The amplitude and variations of such responses are partly responsible for the disease severity and clinical sequelae. Understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of ocular infections is important for early diagnosis and effective treatment. This review considers the molecular status of infection mediated ocular surface stress responses which may shed light on the importance of the host stress-signaling pathways. In this review, we collated literature on the molecular studies of all ocular surface infections and summarize the results from such studies systematically. Identification of important mediators involved in the crosstalk between the stress response and activation of diverse signaling molecules in host ocular surface infection may provide novel molecular targets for maintaining the cellular homeostasis during infection. These targets can be then explored and validated for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samayitree Das
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore 560 099, India;
| | - Sharon D’Souza
- Cornea and Refractive Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore 560 010, India; (S.D.); (B.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Bhavya Gorimanipalli
- Cornea and Refractive Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore 560 010, India; (S.D.); (B.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Rohit Shetty
- Cornea and Refractive Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore 560 010, India; (S.D.); (B.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore 560 099, India;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (V.D.)
| | - Vrushali Deshpande
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore 560 099, India;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (V.D.)
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Wen S, Qin C, Shen L, Liu D, Zhu S, Lin Q. Surface Self-Assembly Construction of Therapeutic Contact Lens with Bacterial "Kill-Releasing" and Drug-Reloading Capabilities for Efficient Bacterial Keratitis Treatment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1329-1341. [PMID: 35129952 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis, an ophthalmic emergency, can cause corneal perforation and even endophthalmitis, thus leading to severe visual impairment. To achieve effective treatment of bacterial keratitis, good bioavailability of antimicrobial drugs on the ocular surface is desired. In this investigation, a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly combined with the host-guest recognition was used to construct an antibacterial coating on the surface of corneal contact lens (CLs) to improve drug bioavailability and achieve successful treatment of bacterial keratitis. First, a radical copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and 1-adamantan-1-ylmethyl acrylate (AdA) was carried out to synthesize a polyanionic copolymer P(AA-co-AdA) (defined as PAcA). Then, PAcA copolymer combined with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) was used for a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly to fabricate multilayer films on the surface of CLs. An antibacterial conjugate, β-cyclodextrin-levofloxacin (β-CD-LEV), was successfully synthesized and utilized to generate antibacterial coating through a host-guest interaction between AdA and β-CD-LEV. The antibacterial ability and treatment effect of bacterial keratitis was evaluated by in vitro assay and in vivo test in an animal model of staphylococcal keratitis, demonstrating that the antibacterial coating had good antibacterial and germicidal efficacy both in vivo and in vitro. We believe that this work will provide a promising strategy for the treatment of bacterial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Wen
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chen Qin
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Siqing Zhu
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Quankui Lin
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Fitriana PO, Pawiroranu S, Widayanti TW, Wirohadidjojo YW, Mahayana IT. Autologous platelet-rich plasma eye drop for moderate-to-severe bacterial corneal ulcers: Changes in interleukin-6 tear concentration and clinical outcomes. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2021; 12:457-461. [PMID: 36660115 PMCID: PMC9843573 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_42_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate interleukin-6 (IL-6) tear concentration and clinical outcome in patients with moderate-to-severe bacterial corneal ulcers post autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) eye drop therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a pre-post designed study involving 21 moderate-severe corneal ulcer patients who got autologous PRP eye drop. Subjects were got autologous PRP eye drop as adjuvant therapy. Patients with moderate-to-severe infectious bacterial corneal ulcers were included in this study. Tear sampling was performed before therapy using sterile Schirmer paper from conjunctival inferior fornix. PRP therapy was performed for 7 days. Data recording and tear sampling were then performed at day 0 (pre-PRP), day 7 (D+7), and day 14 (D+14) after PRP therapy. Data recording included presence of pericorneal injection, blepharospasm, size of corneal defects, and hypopyon. RESULTS There was a decrease in IL-6 tear concentration by day 14 after PRP therapy (P < 0.001). IL-6 concentration at day 7 after therapy (7525.67 ± 7092 pg/mL) tended to be lower before therapy (10,599 ± 6158 pg/mL), but not statistically significant (P = 0.156). The size of corneal defects decreased significantly post PRP at day 7 (P = 0.035) and at day 14 (P = 0.001). There was a significant blepharospasm at day 7 (P = 0.012) and day 14 (P < 0.001). There was a significant pericorneal injection only at day 14 (P = 0.002). There was no significant decreased hypopyon. CONCLUSION There was a significant reduction in IL-6 tear concentration and clinical improvement in moderate-to-severe bacterial corneal ulcers which got autologous PRP eye drop as adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prili Olda Fitriana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Suhardjo Pawiroranu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tri Wahyu Widayanti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yohanes Widodo Wirohadidjojo
- Department of Dermato and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indra Tri Mahayana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Indra Tri Mahayana, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55284, Indonesia. E-mail: ;
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Contact lenses coated with hybrid multifunctional ternary nanocoatings (Phytomolecule-coated ZnO nanoparticles:Gallic Acid:Tobramycin) for the treatment of bacterial and fungal keratitis. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:262-276. [PMID: 33866034 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contact lenses are widely used for visual corrections. However, while wearing contact lenses, eyes typically face discomforts (itching, irritation, burning, etc.) due to foreign object sensation, lack of oxygen permeability, and tear film disruption as opposed to a lack of wetting agents. Eyes are also prone to ocular infections such as bacterial keratitis (BK) and fungal keratitis (FK) and inflammatory events such as contact lens-related acute red eye (CLARE), contact lens peripheral ulcer (CLPU), and infiltrative keratitis (IK) caused by pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains that contaminate contact lenses. Therefore, a good design of contact lenses should adequately address the need for wetting, the supply of antioxidants, and antifouling and antimicrobial efficacy. Here, we developed multifunctional gallic acid (GA), phytomolecules-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZN), and phytomolecules-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles + gallic acid + tobramycin (ZGT)-coated contact lenses using a sonochemical technique. The coated contact lenses exhibited significant antibacterial (>log10 5.60), antifungal, and antibiofilm performance against BK-causing multidrug resistant bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia. coli) and FK-related pathogenic fungal strains (Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Fusarium solani). The gallic acid, tobramycin, and phytomolecules-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles have different functionalities (-OH, -NH2, -COOH, -COH, etc.) that enhanced wettability of the coated contact lenses as compared to that of uncoated ones and further enabled them to exhibit remarkable antifouling property by prohibiting adhesion of platelets and proteins. The coated contact lenses also showed significant antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH and good cytocompatibility to human corneal epithelial cells and keratinocytes cell lines. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: • Multifunctional coated lenses were developed with an efficient sonochemical approach. • Lens surface was modified with nanocoatings of ZnO nanoparticles, gallic acid, and tobramycin. • This synergistic combination endowed the lenses with remarkable antimicrobial activity. • Coated lenses also showed noteworthy antifouling and biofilm inhibition activities. • Coated lenses showed good antioxidant, biocompatibility, and wettability characteristics.
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8
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Syndecan-1 Promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae Corneal Infection by Facilitating the Assembly of Adhesive Fibronectin Fibrils. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.01907-20. [PMID: 33293379 PMCID: PMC7733941 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01907-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Subversion of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) is thought to be a common virulence mechanism shared by many microbial pathogens. The prevailing assumption is that pathogens co-opt HSPGs as cell surface attachment receptors or as inhibitors of innate host defense. However, there are few data that clearly support this idea in vivo We found that deletion of syndecan-1 (Sdc1), a major cell surface HSPG of epithelial cells, causes a gain of function in a mouse model of scarified corneal infection, where Sdc1-/- corneas were significantly less susceptible to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Administration of excess Sdc1 ectodomains significantly inhibited S. pneumoniae corneal infection, suggesting that Sdc1 promotes infection as a cell surface attachment receptor. However, S. pneumoniae did not interact with Sdc1 and Sdc1 was shed upon S. pneumoniae infection, indicating that Sdc1 does not directly support S. pneumoniae adhesion. Instead, Sdc1 promoted S. pneumoniae adhesion by driving the assembly of fibronectin (FN) fibrils in the corneal basement membrane to which S. pneumoniae attaches when infecting injured corneas. S. pneumoniae specifically bound to corneal FN via PavA, and PavA deletion significantly attenuated S. pneumoniae virulence in the cornea. Excess Sdc1 ectodomains inhibited S. pneumoniae corneal infection by binding to the Hep II domain and interfering with S. pneumoniae PavA binding to FN. These findings reveal a previously unknown virulence mechanism of S. pneumoniae where key extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and structures that are essential for host cell homeostasis are exploited for bacterial pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Bacterial pathogens have evolved several ingenious mechanisms to subvert host cell biology for their pathogenesis. Bacterial attachment to the host ECM establishes a niche to grow and is considered one of the critical steps of infection. This pathogenic mechanism entails coordinated assembly of the ECM by the host to form the ECM structure and organization that are specifically recognized by bacteria for their adhesion. We serendipitously discovered that epithelial Sdc1 facilitates the assembly of FN fibrils in the corneal basement membrane and that this normal biological function of Sdc1 has detrimental consequences for the host in S. pneumoniae corneal infection. Our studies suggest that bacterial subversion of the host ECM is more complex than previously appreciated.
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9
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Swift W, Bair JA, Chen W, Li M, Lie S, Li D, Yang M, Shatos MA, Hodges RR, Kolko M, Utheim TP, Scott W, Dartt DA. Povidone iodine treatment is deleterious to human ocular surface conjunctival cells in culture. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2020; 5:e000545. [PMID: 32995498 PMCID: PMC7497553 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effect of povidone iodine (PI), an antiseptic commonly used prior to ocular surgery, on viability of mixed populations of conjunctival stratified squamous and goblet cells, purified conjunctival goblet cells and purified conjunctival stromal fibroblasts in primary culture. Methods and analysis Mixed population of epithelial cells (stratified squamous and goblet cells), goblet cells and fibroblasts were grown in culture from pieces of human conjunctiva using either supplemented DMEM/F12 or RPMI. Cell type was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cells were treated for 5 min with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); 0.25%, 2.5%, 5% or 10% PI in PBS; or a positive control of 30% H2O2. Cell viability was determined using Alamar Blue fluorescence and a live/dead kit using calcein/AM and ethidium homodimer-1 (EH-1). Results Mixed populations of epithelial cells, goblet cells and fibroblasts were characterised by immunofluorescence microscopy. As determined with Alamar Blue fluorescence, all concentrations of PI significantly decreased the number of cells from all three preparation types compared with PBS. As determined by calcein/EH-1 viability test, mixed populations of cells and fibroblasts were less sensitive to PI treatment than goblet cells. All concentrations of PI, except for 0.25% used with goblet cells, substantially increased the number of dead cells for all cell populations. The H2O2 control also significantly decreased the number and viability of all three types of cells in both tests. Conclusion We conclude that PI, which is commonly used prior to ocular surgeries, is detrimental to human conjunctival stratified squamous cells, goblet cells and fibroblasts in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Swift
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bair
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wanxue Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Li
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sole Lie
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dayu Li
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Menglu Yang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie A Shatos
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robin R Hodges
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Tor P Utheim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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10
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Khan SA, Lee CS. Recent progress and strategies to develop antimicrobial contact lenses and lens cases for different types of microbial keratitis. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:101-118. [PMID: 32622052 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although contact lenses are widely used for vision correction, they are also the primary cause of a number of ocular diseases such as microbial keratitis (MK), etc. and inflammatory events such as infiltrative keratitis (IK), contact lens acute red eye (CLARE), contact lens-induced peripheral ulcer (CLPU), etc. These diseases and infiltrative events often result from microbial contamination of lens care solutions and lens cases that can be exacerbated by unsanitary lens care and extended lens wear. The treatment of microbial biofilms (MBs) on lens cases and contact lenses are complicated and challenging due to their resistance to conventional antimicrobial lens care solutions. More importantly, MK caused by MBs can lead to acute visual damage or even vision impairment. Therefore, the development of lens cases, lens care solutions, and contact lenses with effective antimicrobial performance against MK will contribute to the safe use of contact lenses. This review article summarizes and discusses different chemical approaches for the development of antimicrobial contact lenses and lens cases employing passive surface modifications, antimicrobial peptides, free-radical fabricating agents, quorum sensing quenchers, antibiotics, antifungal drugs and various metals and coatings with antimicrobial nanomaterials. The benefits and shortcomings of these approaches are assessed, and alternative solutions for future developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmad Khan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Yang H, Yang X, Wang Y, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Shao Y. Comparative analysis of the tear protein profile in herpes simplex virus type 1 epithelial keratitis. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:355. [PMID: 32867704 PMCID: PMC7461310 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) keratitis is a major cause of corneal blindness in the world, and an in-depth understanding of its pathogenesis may help improve existing diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study is to compare and analysis the total tear protein profile of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients, and to quantify the potential candidate biomarkers of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis. METHODS We investigated the proteome in tear fluid from three HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients and three healthy control subjects using nano-scale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) analysis. Functional annotation of differentially expressed proteins was done with the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. ELISA was done to quantify the potential candidate biomarkers in 26 clinical cases. RESULTS Tear fluid from three HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients and three healthy control subjects contained a total of 1275 proteins and 326 proteins were unique to tear fluid of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that tear proteins from HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients may be involved in metabolic processes, antigen presentation, inflammatory response, and in the TNF-mediated and T cell receptor pathways. Furthermore, IL1A, IL12B, DEFB4A, and CAMP, which are associated with the inflammatory response and inhibition of viral infection, were significantly more abundant in the HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients than in the healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the proteomic profile of tears in HSV-1 epithelial keratitis for the first time and identifies a number of unique differentially expressed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaozhao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yani Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
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Yeung J, Gadjeva M, Geddes-McAlister J. Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Distinguishes General and Site-Specific Host Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection at the Ocular Surface. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900290. [PMID: 31874121 PMCID: PMC7079286 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics enables the unbiased and sensitive profiling of cellular proteomes and extracellular environments. Recent technological and bioinformatic advances permit identifying dual biological systems in a single experiment, supporting investigation of infection from both the host and pathogen perspectives. At the ocular surface, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly associated with biofilm formation and inflammation of the ocular tissues, causing damage to the eye. The interaction between P. aeruginosa and the immune system at the site of infection describes limitations in clearance of infection and enhanced pathogenesis. Here, the extracellular environment (eye wash) of murine ocular surfaces infected with a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa is profiled and neutrophil marker proteins are detected, indicating neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection. The first potential diagnostic markers of P. aeruginosa-associated keratitis are also identified. In addition, the deepest murine corneal proteome to date is defined and proteins, categories, and networks critical to the host response are detected. Moreover, the first identification of bacterial proteins attached to the ocular surface is reported. The findings are validated through in silico comparisons and enzymatic profiling. Overall, the work provides comprehensive profiling of the host-pathogen interface and uncovers differences between general and site-specific host responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Yeung
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Gadjeva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J. Geddes-McAlister
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Garbutcheon-Singh KB, Carnt N, Pattamatta U, Samarawickrama C, White A, Calder V. A Review of the Cytokine IL-17 in Ocular Surface and Corneal Disease. Curr Eye Res 2018; 44:1-10. [PMID: 30230384 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1519834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the role of interleukin-17 in ocular surface and corneal disease. Ocular surface and corneal disease is a leading cause of blindness and is an ongoing challenge for the public health sector to implement effective therapies. The majority of cells in corneal lesions are derived primarily from neutrophils that induce inflammatory events that lead to tissue damage. One of the key pro-inflammatory cytokines is IL-17, and it has been investigated in order to facilitate the understanding of the pathogenesis of ocular surface lesion development. Method: A review of the literature was performed through a systematic approach. Results: IL-17 has been shown to exacerbate dry eye disease, viral and bacterial keratitis lesion severity, although it was found to be protective for Acanthamoeba. Antibodies developed to neutralize IL-17 have shown some promise in reducing the severity of some diseases. Conclusion: IL-17 plays a role in the pathogenesis of ocular surface and corneal disease and targeting this cytokine may provide a useful treatment option in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Carnt
- a Westmead Millennium Institute , Sydney , Australia.,b University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - U Pattamatta
- a Westmead Millennium Institute , Sydney , Australia.,c University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | | | - A White
- a Westmead Millennium Institute , Sydney , Australia.,c University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - V Calder
- d Institute of Ophthalmology , University College London , London , England
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ocular infections remain an important cause of blindness worldwide and represent a challenging public health concern. In this regard, microbial keratitis due to fungal, bacterial, or viral infection can result in significant vision loss secondary to corneal scarring or surface irregularity. Left untreated corneal perforation and endophthalmitis can result, leading to loss of the eye. Rigorously studied animal models of disease pathogenesis have provided novel information that suggests new modes of treatment that may be efficacious clinically and emerging clinical data is supportive of some of these discoveries. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on advances in our understanding of disease pathogenesis in animal models and clinical studies and how these relate to improved clinical treatment. We also discuss a novel approach to treatment of microbial keratitis due to infection with these bacterial pathogens using PACK-CXL and recommend increased basic and clinical studies to address and refine the efficacy of this procedure. EXPERT COMMENTARY Because resistance to antibiotics has developed over time to these bacterial pathogens, caution must be exercised in treatment. Attractive novel modes of treatment that hold new promise for further investigation include lipid based therapy, as well as use of small molecules that bind deleterious specific host responsive molecules and use of microRNA based therapies.
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