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Park J, Patel K, Lee WH. Recent advances in algal bloom detection and prediction technology using machine learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173546. [PMID: 38810749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HAB) including red tides and cyanobacteria are a significant environmental issue that can have harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Traditional methods of detecting and managing algal blooms have been limited by their reliance on manual observation and analysis, which can be time-consuming and costly. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) technology have shown promise in improving the accuracy and efficiency of algal bloom detection and prediction. This paper provides an overview of the latest developments in using ML for algal bloom detection and prediction using various water quality parameters and environmental factors. First, we introduced ML for algal bloom prediction using regression and classification models. Then we explored image-based ML for algae detection by utilizing satellite images, surveillance cameras, and microscopic images. This study also highlights several real-world examples of successful implementation of ML for algal bloom detection and prediction. These examples show how ML can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of detecting and predicting algal blooms, contributing to the protection of aquatic ecosystems and human health. The study also outlines recent efforts to enhance the field applicability of ML models and suggests future research directions. A recent interest in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) was discussed in an effort to understand the most influencing environmental factors on algal blooms. XAI facilitates interpretations of ML model results, thereby enhancing the models' usability for decision-making in field management and improving their overall applicability in real-world settings. We also emphasize the significance of obtaining high-quality, field-representative data to enhance the efficiency of ML applications. The effectiveness of ML models in detecting and predicting algal blooms can be improved through management strategies for data quality, such as pre-treating missing data and integrating diverse datasets into a unified database. Overall, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in managing algal blooms using ML technology and proposes future research directions to enhance the utilization of ML techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsu Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanbat National University,125, Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keval Patel
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, 12800 Pegasus Dr., Orlando, FL 32816, United States.
| | - Woo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, 12800 Pegasus Dr., Orlando, FL 32816, United States.
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Hu W, Su S, Mohamed HF, Xiao J, Kang J, Krock B, Xie B, Luo Z, Chen B. Assessing the global distribution and risk of harmful microalgae: A focus on three toxic Alexandrium dinoflagellates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174767. [PMID: 39004369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Harmful dinoflagellates and their resulting blooms pose a threat to marine life and human health. However, to date, global maps of marine life often overlook harmful microorganisms. As harmful algal blooms (HABs) increase in frequency, severity, and extent, understanding the distribution of harmful dinoflagellates and their drivers is crucial for their management. We used MaxEnt, random forest, and ensemble models to map the habitats of the representative HABs species in the genus Alexandrium, including A. catenella, A. minutum, and A. pacificum. Since species occurrence records used in previous studies were solely morphology-based, potentially leading to misidentifications, we corrected these species' distribution records using molecular criteria. The results showed that the key environmental drivers included the distance to the coastline, bathymetry, sea surface temperature (SST), and dissolved oxygen. Alexandrium catenella thrives in temperate to cold zones and is driven by low SST and high oxygen levels. Alexandrium pacificum mainly inhabits the Temperate Northern Pacific and prefers warmer SST and lower oxygen levels. Alexandrium minutum thrives universally and adapts widely to SST and oxygen. By analyzing the habitat suitability of locations with recorded HAB occurrences, we found that high habitat suitability could serve as a reference indicator for bloom risk. Therefore, we have proposed a qualitative method to spatially assess the harmful algae risk according to the habitat suitability. On the global risk map, coastal temperate seas, such as the Mediterranean, Northwest Pacific, and Southern Australia, faced higher risks. Although HABs currently have restricted geographic distributions, our study found these harmful algae possess high environmental tolerance and can thrive across diverse habitats. HAB impacts could increase if climate changes or ocean conditions became more favorable. Marine transportation may also spread the harmful algae to new unaffected ecosystems. This study has pioneered the assessment of harmful algal risk based on habitat suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shangke Su
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hala F Mohamed
- Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Jiamei Xiao
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianhua Kang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bernd Krock
- Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhaohe Luo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Ge Y, Shen F, Sklenička P, Vymazal J, Baxa M, Chen Z. Machine learning for cyanobacteria inversion via remote sensing and AlgaeTorch in the Třeboň fishponds, Czech Republic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174504. [PMID: 38971250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria blooms in fishponds, driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities, have become a critical concern for aquatic ecosystems worldwide. The diversity in fishpond sizes and fish densities further complicates their monitoring. This study addresses the challenge of accurately predicting cyanobacteria concentrations in turbid waters via remote sensing, hindered by optical complexities and diminished light signals. A comprehensive dataset of 740 sampling points was compiled, encompassing water quality metrics (cyanobacteria levels, total chlorophyll, turbidity, total cell count) and spectral data obtained through AlgaeTorch, alongside Sentinel-2 reflectance data from three Třeboň fishponds (UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve) in the Czech Republic over 2022-2023. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and three machine learning algorithms, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), were developed based on seasonal and annual data volumes. The SVM algorithm demonstrated commendable performance on the one-year data validation dataset from the Svět fishpond for the prediction of cyanobacteria, reflected by the key performance indicators: R2 = 0.88, RMSE = 15.07 μg Chl-a/L, and RPD = 2.82. Meanwhile, SVM displayed steady results in the unified one-year validation dataset from Naděje, Svět, and Vizír fishponds, with metrics showing R2 = 0.56, RMSE = 39.03 μg Chl-a/L, RPD = 1.50. Thus, Sentinel data proved viable for seasonal cyanobacteria monitoring across different fishponds. Overall, this study presents a novel approach for enhancing the precision of cyanobacteria predictions and long-term ecological monitoring in fishponds, contributing significantly to the water quality management strategies in the Třeboň region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ge
- Department of Landscape and Urban Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Feilong Shen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sklenička
- Department of Landscape and Urban Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Baxa
- ENKI, o.p.s., Dukelská 145, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
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Duan Y, Liu F, Zhang C, Wang Y, Chen G. Screen and Optimization of an Aptamer for Alexandrium tamarense-A Common Toxin-Producing Harmful Alga. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:935-950. [PMID: 37743437 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Among all the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs)-producing algae, Alexandrium tamarense is one of the most widespread harmful species posing a serious threat to marine resources and human health. Therefore, it is extremely important to establish a rapid and accurate monitoring method for A. tamarense that can provide early warnings of harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by this alga and limit the contamination due to PSTs. In this study, an ssDNA library was first obtained by whole cell systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment after 18 consecutive rounds of iterative screening. After sequencing in combination with subsequent multiple alignment of sequences and secondary structure simulation, the library could be classified into 2 families, namely, Family1 and Family2, according to sequence similarity. Flow cytometry was used to test the affinity and cross-reactivity of Ata19, Ata6, Ata25 and Ata29 belonging to Family2. Ata19 was selected to be modified by truncation, through which a new resultant aptamer named as Ata19-1-1 was obtained. Ata19-1-1 with a KD of 75.16 ± 11.10 nM displayed a much higher affinity than Ata19. The specificity test showed that Ata19-1-1 has the same discrimination ability as Ata19 and can at least distinguish the target microalga from other microalgae. The observation under a fluorescence microscopy showed that the A. tamarense cells labeled with Ata19-1-1 are exhibiting bright green fluorescence and could be easily identified, factually confirming the binding of the aptamer with target cells. In summary, the aptamer Ata19-1-1 produced in this study may serve as an ideal molecular recognition element for A. tamarense, which has the potential to be developed into a novel detection method for this harmful alga in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Duan
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Wenhua West Road, 2#, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Wenhua West Road, 2#, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyun Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Wenhua West Road, 2#, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Wenhua West Road, 2#, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofu Chen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Wenhua West Road, 2#, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China.
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Fabian PS, Kwon HH, Vithanage M, Lee JH. Modeling, challenges, and strategies for understanding impacts of climate extremes (droughts and floods) on water quality in Asia: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115617. [PMID: 36871941 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme climate events are among the most expected and recognized consequences of climate change. Prediction of water quality parameters becomes more challenging with these extremes since water quality is strongly related to hydro-meteorological conditions and is particularly sensitive to climate change. The evidence linking the influence of hydro-meteorological factors on water quality provides insights into future climatic extremes. Despite recent breakthroughs in water quality modeling and evaluations of climate change's impact on water quality, climate extreme informed water quality modeling methodologies remain restricted. This review aims to summarize the causal mechanisms across climate extremes considering water quality parameters and Asian water quality modeling methods associated with climate extremes, such as floods and droughts. In this review, we (1) identify current scientific approaches to water quality modeling and prediction in the context of flood and drought assessment, (2) discuss the challenges and impediments, and (3) propose potential solutions to these challenges to improve understanding of the impact of climate extremes on water quality and mitigate their negative impacts. This study emphasizes that one crucial step toward enhancing our aquatic ecosystems is by comprehending the connections between climate extreme events and water quality through collective efforts. The connections between the climate indices and water quality indicators were demonstrated to better understand the link between climate extremes and water quality for a selected watershed basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Sofia Fabian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Han Kwon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Joo-Heon Lee
- Department of Civil Engineering, Joongbu University, Goyang, 10279, South Korea
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Rolim SBA, Veettil BK, Vieiro AP, Kessler AB, Gonzatti C. Remote sensing for mapping algal blooms in freshwater lakes: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:19602-19616. [PMID: 36642774 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A large number of freshwater lakes around the world show recurring harmful algal blooms, particularly cyanobacterial blooms, that affect public health and ecosystem integrity. Prediction, early detection, and monitoring of algal blooms are inevitable for the mitigation and management of their negative impacts on the environment and human beings. Remote sensing provides an effective tool for detecting and spatiotemporal monitoring of these events. Various remote sensing platforms, such as ground-based, spaceborne, airborne, and UAV-based, have been used for mounting sensors for data acquisition and real-time monitoring of algal blooms in a cost-effective manner. This paper presents an updated review of various remote sensing platforms, data types, and algorithms for detecting and monitoring algal blooms in freshwater lakes. Recent studies on remote sensing using sophisticated sensors mounted on UAV platforms have revolutionized the detection and monitoring of water quality. Image processing algorithms based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been improved recently and predicting algal blooms based on such methods will have a key role in mitigating the negative impacts of eutrophication in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Beatriz Alves Rolim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Sensoriamento Remoto, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bijeesh Kozhikkodan Veettil
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Management, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Antonio Pedro Vieiro
- Departamento de Mineralogia e Petrologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anita Baldissera Kessler
- Departamento de Geodésia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Gonzatti
- Departamento de Mineralogia e Petrologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Bashir F, Bashir A, Rajput VD, Bouaïcha N, Fazili KM, Adhikari S, Negi Y, Minkina T, Almalki WH, Ganai BA. Microcystis sp. AE03 strain in Dal Lake harbors cylindrospermopsin and microcystin synthetase gene cluster. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1036111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are increasing at an alarming rate in different water bodies worldwide. In India, CHAB events in water bodies such as Dal Lake have been sporadically reported with no study done to characterize the cyanobacterial species and their associated toxins. We hypothesized that this Lake is contaminated with toxic cyanobacterial species with the possibility of the presence of cyanotoxin biosynthetic genes. We, therefore, used some of the molecular tools such as 16S ribosomal DNA, PCR, and phylogenetic analysis to explore cyanobacterial species and their associated toxins. A 3-year (2018–2020) survey was conducted at three different sampling sites of Dal Lake namely, Grand Palace Gath (S1), Nigeen basin (S2), and Gagribal basin (S3). Two strains of Dolichospermum sp. AE01 and AE02 (S3 and S1 site) and one strain of Microcystis sp. AE03 (S2 site) was isolated, cultured, and characterized phylogenetically by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. The presence of cyanotoxin genes from the isolates was evaluated by PCR of microcystins (mcyB), anatoxins (anaC), and cylindrospermopsins (pks) biosynthesis genes. Results revealed the presence of both mcyB and pks gene in Microcystis sp. AE03, and only anaC gene in Dolichospermum sp. AE02 strain. However, Dolichospermum sp. AE01 strain was not found to harbor any such genes. Our findings, for the first time, reported the coexistence of pks and mcyB in a Microcystis AE03 strain. This study has opened a new door to further characterize the unexplored cyanobacterial species, their associated cyanotoxin biosynthetic genes, and the intervention of high-end proteomic techniques to characterize the cyanotoxins.
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Matsui K, Kageyama Y. Water pollution evaluation through fuzzy c-means clustering and neural networks using ALOS AVNIR-2 data and water depth of Lake Hosenko, Japan. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mapping Benthic Algae and Cyanobacteria in River Channels from Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images: A Proof-of-Concept Investigation on the Buffalo National River, AR, USA. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14040953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although rivers are of immense practical, aesthetic, and recreational value, these aquatic habitats are particularly sensitive to environmental changes. Increasingly, changes in streamflow and water quality are resulting in blooms of bottom-attached (benthic) algae, also known as periphyton, which have become widespread in many water bodies of US national parks. Because these blooms degrade visitor experiences and threaten human and ecosystem health, improved methods of characterizing benthic algae are needed. This study evaluated the potential utility of remote sensing techniques for mapping variations in algal density in shallow, clear-flowing rivers. As part of an initial proof-of-concept investigation, field measurements of water depth and percent cover of benthic algae were collected from two reaches of the Buffalo National River along with aerial photographs and multispectral satellite images. Applying a band ratio algorithm to these data yielded reliable depth estimates, although a shallow bias and moderate level of precision were observed. Spectral distinctions among algal percent cover values ranging from 0 to 100% were subtle and became only slightly more pronounced when the data were aggregated to four ordinal levels. A bagged trees machine learning model trained using the original spectral bands and image-derived depth estimates as predictor variables was used to produce classified maps of algal density. The spatial and temporal patterns depicted in these maps were reasonable but overall classification accuracies were modest, up to 64.6%, due to a lack of spectral detail. To further advance remote sensing of benthic algae and other periphyton, future studies could adopt hyperspectral approaches and more quantitative, continuous metrics such as biomass.
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