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Recent Progresses in Development of Biosensors for Thrombin Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090767. [PMID: 36140153 PMCID: PMC9496736 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin is a serine protease with an essential role in homeostasis and blood coagulation. During vascular injuries, thrombin is generated from prothrombin, a plasma protein, to polymerize fibrinogen molecules into fibrin filaments. Moreover, thrombin is a potent stimulant for platelet activation, which causes blood clots to prevent bleeding. The rapid and sensitive detection of thrombin is important in biological analysis and clinical diagnosis. Hence, various biosensors for thrombin measurement have been developed. Biosensors are devices that produce a quantifiable signal from biological interactions in proportion to the concentration of a target analyte. An aptasensor is a biosensor in which a DNA or RNA aptamer has been used as a biological recognition element and can identify target molecules with a high degree of sensitivity and affinity. Designed biosensors could provide effective methods for the highly selective and specific detection of thrombin. This review has attempted to provide an update of the various biosensors proposed in the literature, which have been designed for thrombin detection. According to their various transducers, the constructions and compositions, the performance, benefits, and restrictions of each are summarized and compared.
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Gong W, Sun M, Guo X, Liu Y, Li H, Xie L, Li X. Nanowired dual-electrodes surface to monitor cerebral ischemia by current-volt measurements. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:502. [PMID: 34881165 PMCID: PMC8599545 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of clotting protein 'factor IX' (FIX) is highly associated with cerebral ischemia, and this research work has developed a sensitive detection of FIX on dielectrode sensor by current-volt measurement. Sensing area was grown with zinc oxide nanowire to attach more probe for FIX interaction. Aptamer was utilized as the detection probe and attached on the sensing electrode surface through amine-aldehyde chemical linkage. In addition, biotin-streptavidin interaction was utilized to attach the higher number aptamers on the electrode surface connected with dual-probe station. FIX detection limit was found as 10 fM in the phosphate buffer saline spiked samples and 1:320 dilution of human serum. The linear ranges were as 10 fM to 100 pM and 1:320 to 1:80, respectively. With a good determination co-efficient [y = 2.6813x - 3.8467; R 2 = 0.9479] this biosensing strategy helps to quantify FIX and monitor the condition of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gong
- Department of Neurology 2, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, 054001 Hebei China
| | - Meilin Sun
- Department of Neurology 4, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, 054001 Hebei China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, 054001 Hebei China
| | - Yalin Liu
- Department of Neurology 2, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, 054001 Hebei China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Department of Neurology 2, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, 054001 Hebei China
| | - Lanlan Xie
- Department of Neurology 2, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, 054001 Hebei China
| | - Xipeng Li
- Department of Neurology 2, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, 054001 Hebei China
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Gu Y, Liu L, Guo J, Xiao S, Fang F, Yu X, Gopinath SCB, Wu J, Liu X. Biomolecular assembly on interdigitated electrode nanosensor for selective detection of insulin-like growth factor-1. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:30-37. [PMID: 33467925 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1865992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This research is focussed to quantify IGF1 by electroanalytical analysis on InterDigitated electrode surface and characterized by the microscopic observations. For the detection, antibody and aptamer were used to analyze the level of IGF1. The sandwich pattern (aptamer-IGF1-antibody) was designed on the chemically modified IDE surface and reached the limit of detection to 10 fM with 100 folds enhancement in the sensitivity. Different control experiments (absence of IGF1, binding with IGF2 and with non-complementary aptamer) were failed to show the current changes, discriminated the specific detection. A good detection strategy is to complement the currently following imaging systems for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, China
| | - Shun Xiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, China
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Jianlie Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, China
| | - Xunqiang Liu
- Department of Vascular surgery, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
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Ettabib MA, Marti A, Liu Z, Bowden BM, Zervas MN, Bartlett PN, Wilkinson JS. Waveguide Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Biosensing: A Review. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2025-2045. [PMID: 34114813 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Waveguide enhanced Raman spectroscopy (WERS) utilizes simple, robust, high-index contrast dielectric waveguides to generate a strong evanescent field, through which laser light interacts with analytes residing on the surface of the waveguide. It offers a powerful tool for the direct identification and reproducible quantification of biochemical species and an alternative to surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) without reliance on fragile noble metal nanostructures. The advent of low-cost laser diodes, compact spectrometers, and recent progress in material engineering, nanofabrication techniques, and software modeling tools have made realizing portable and cheap WERS Raman systems with high sensitivity a realistic possibility. This review highlights the latest progress in WERS technology and summarizes recent demonstrations and applications. Following an introduction to the fundamentals of WERS, the theoretical framework that underpins the WERS principles is presented. The main WERS design considerations are then discussed, and a review of the available approaches for the modification of waveguide surfaces for the attachment of different biorecognition elements is provided. The review concludes by discussing and contrasting the performance of recent WERS implementations, thereby providing a future roadmap of WERS technology where the key opportunities and challenges are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Ettabib
- Zepler Institute for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Almudena Marti
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Liu
- Zepler Institute for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany M. Bowden
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michalis N. Zervas
- Zepler Institute for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N. Bartlett
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - James S. Wilkinson
- Zepler Institute for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Zhao J, Chang W, Liu L, Xing X, Zhang C, Meng H, Gopinath SCB, Lakshmipriya T, Chen Y, Liu Y. Graphene oxide-gold nanoparticle-aptamer complexed probe for detecting amyloid beta oligomer by ELISA-based immunoassay. J Immunol Methods 2020; 489:112942. [PMID: 33333060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive and easy detection method for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with a suitable biomarker is mandatory for preventing the factors resulting from AD. This research reports a modified ELISA with graphene for the detection of AD biomarker amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomer. Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) conjugated aptamer was used as the capture probe and attached on ELISA-graphene oxide surface through the amine linker. Antibody was used as the detection molecule to reach the maximum detection of Aβ oligomer. Suitable level of APTMS (2%), size of AuNP (30 nm) and aptamer concentration (2 μM) were optimized. This sandwich pattern of aptamer-Aβ oligomer-antibody helps to reach the detection at 50 pM on the optimized ELISA surface and the control experiments in the absence of Aβ oligomer or anti-Aβ oligomer antibody did not show the significant optical detection at 492 nm, indicting the specific detection. Further, Aβ oligomer spiked artificial cerebrospinal fluid did not interfere the detection of Aβ oligomer, confirming the selective detection. This new and modified ELISA surface helps to reach the lower detection of Aβ oligomer and diagnose AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of First Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
| | - Wenlong Chang
- Endocrine laboratory, Baoding No.1 Central hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Baoding No.1 Central hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Xiaoming Xing
- Department of First Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of First Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Huihong Meng
- Department of First Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia; Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, 01000 Kangar, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Thangavel Lakshmipriya
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, 01000 Kangar, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Department of First Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
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Abstract
Aptasensors form a class of biosensors that function on the basis of a biological recognition. An aptasensor is advantageous because it incorporates a unique biologic recognition element, i.e., an aptamer, coupled to a transducer to convert a biological interaction to readable signals that can be easily processed and reported. In such biosensors, the specificity of aptamers is comparable to and sometimes even better than that of antibodies. Using the SELEX technique, aptamers with high specificity and affinity to various targets can be isolated from large pools of different oligonucleotides. Nowadays, new modifications of the SELEX technique and, as a result, easy generation and synthesis of aptamers have led to the wide application of these materials as biological receptors in biosensors. In this regard, aptamers promise a bright future. In the present research a brief account is initially provided of the recent developments in aptasensors for various targets. Then, immobilization methods, design strategies, current limitations and future directions are discussed for aptasensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Dehloran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dehloran, Iran
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Quantification of cortisol for the medical diagnosis of multiple pregnancy-related diseases. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:35. [PMID: 31988829 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-2030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is a stress hormone released from the adrenal glands and is responsible for both hyperglycemia and hypertension during pregnancy. These factors make it mandatory to detect the levels of cortisol during pregnancy to identify and treat hypoglycemia and hypertension. In this study, cortisol levels were quantified with an aptamer-conjugated gold nanorod using an electrochemical interdigitated electrode sensor. The surface uniformity was analyzed by high-power microscopy and 3D-nanoprofiler imaging. The detection limit was determined to be 0.01 ng/mL, and a linear regression indicated that the sensitivity range was in the range of 0.01-0.1 ng/mL, based on a 3σ calculation. Moreover, the specificity of the aptamer was determined by a binding analysis against norepinephrine and progesterone, and it was clearly found that the aptamer specifically recognizes only cortisol. Further, the presence of cortisol was detected in the serum in a dose-dependent manner. This method is useful to detect and correlate multiple pregnancy-related diseases by quantifying the levels of cortisol.
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Bao X, Huo G, Li L, Cao X, Liu Y, Lakshmipriya T, Chen Y, Hariri F, Gopinath SCB. Coordinated Dispersion and Aggregation of Gold Nanorod in Aptamer-Mediated Gestational Hypertension Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:5676159. [PMID: 31827972 PMCID: PMC6881590 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5676159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gestational hypertension is one of the complicated disorders during pregnancy; it causes the significant risks, such as placental abruption, neonatal deaths, and maternal deaths. Hypertension is also responsible for the metabolic and cardiovascular issues to the mother after the years of pregnancy. Identifying and treating gestational hypertension during pregnancy by a suitable biomarker is mandatory for the healthy mother and foetus development. Cortisol has been found as a steroid hormone that is secreted by the adrenal gland and plays a pivotal role in gestational hypertension. A normal circulating level of cortisol is involved in the regulation of blood pressure, and it is necessary to monitor the changes in the level of cortisol during pregnancy. In this work, aptamer-based colorimetric assay is demonstrated as a model with gold nanorod to quantify the level of cortisol using the coordinated aggregation (at 500 mM of NaCl) and dispersion (with 10 μM of aptamer), evidenced by the scanning electron microscopy observation and UV-visible spectroscopy analysis. This colorimetric assay is an easier visual detection and reached the limit of detection of cortisol at 0.25 mg/mL. This method is reliable to identify the condition of gestational hypertension during the pregnancy period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiucui Bao
- Department of Obstetrics, Yihe Maternity District of Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Gaoxiang Huo
- Department of Obstetrics, Yihe Maternity District of Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Yihe Maternity District of Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Xuebin Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Cangxian Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Yamei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Yihe Maternity District of Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Thangavel Lakshmipriya
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Firdaus Hariri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Ong CC, Gopinath SCB, Rebecca LWX, Perumal V, Lakshmipriya T, Saheed MSM. Diagnosing human blood clotting deficiency. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:765-773. [PMID: 29775720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There are different clotting factors present in blood, carries the clotting cascade and excessive bleeding may cause a deficiency in the clotting Diagnosis of this deficiency in clotting drastically reduces the potential fatality. For enabling a sensor to detect the clotting factors, suitable probes such as antibody and aptamer have been used to capture these targets on the sensing surface. Two major clotting factors were widely studied for the diagnosis of clotting deficiency, which includes factor IX and thrombin. In addition, factor IX is considered as the substitute for heparin and the prothrombotic associated with the increased thrombin generation are taking into account their prevalence. The biosensors, surface plasmon resonance, evanescent-field-coupled waveguide-mode sensor, metal-enhanced PicoGreen fluorescence and electrochemical aptasensor were well-documented and improvements have been made for high-performance sensing. We overviewed detecting factor IX and thrombin using these biosensors, for the potential application in medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Cheen Ong
- Department of Fundamental & Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.; Centre of Innovative Nanostructure & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia; Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Leong Wei Xian Rebecca
- Department of Fundamental & Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.; Centre of Innovative Nanostructure & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Veeradasan Perumal
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructure & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Thangavel Lakshmipriya
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructure & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed Saheed
- Department of Fundamental & Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.; Centre of Innovative Nanostructure & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
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Hmila I, Wongphatcharachai M, Laamiri N, Aouini R, Marnissi B, Arbi M, Sreevatsan S, Ghram A. A novel method for detection of H9N2 influenza viruses by an aptamer-real time-PCR. J Virol Methods 2017; 243:83-91. [PMID: 28159667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
H9N2 Influenza subtype has emerged in Tunisia causing epidemics in poultry and resulting in major economic losses. New mutations in their hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins were acquired, suggesting their potential to directly infect humans. Effective surveillance tools should be implemented to help prevent potential spillover of the virus across species. We have developed a highly sensitive real time immuno-polymerase chain reaction (RT-I-PCR) method for detecting H9N2 virus. The assay applies aptamers as ligands to capture and detect the virus. First, a panel of specific ssDNA aptamers was selected via a one step high stringency protocol. Next, the panel of selected aptamers was characterized for their affinities and their specificity to H9N2 virus. The aptamer showing the highest binding affinity to the virus was used as ligand to develop a highly sensitive sandwich Aptamer I-PCR. A 3-log increase in analytical sensitivity was achieved as compared to a routinely used ELISA antigen test, highlighting the potential of this approach to detect very low levels of virus particles. The test was validated using clinical samples and constitutes a rapid and a label-free platform, opening a new venue for the development of aptamer -based viability sensing for a variety of microorganisms of economic importance in Tunisia and surrounding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Hmila
- University Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur of Tunis,13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia.
| | - Manoosak Wongphatcharachai
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota,St. Paul, MN, USA; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota,St. Paul, MN, USA; Department of Soil, Water, & Climate, and BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Nacira Laamiri
- University Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur of Tunis,13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Rim Aouini
- University Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur of Tunis,13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Boutheina Marnissi
- University Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur of Tunis,13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Arbi
- University Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur of Tunis,13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia
| | - Srinand Sreevatsan
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota,St. Paul, MN, USA; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota,St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Abdeljelil Ghram
- University Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur of Tunis,13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia
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Perumal V, Hashim U, Gopinath SCB, Rajintra Prasad H, Wei-Wen L, Balakrishnan SR, Vijayakumar T, Rahim RA. Characterization of Gold-Sputtered Zinc Oxide Nanorods-a Potential Hybrid Material. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:31. [PMID: 26787050 PMCID: PMC4718909 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Generation of hybrid nanostructures has been attested as a promising approach to develop high-performance sensing substrates. Herein, hybrid zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod dopants with different gold (Au) thicknesses were grown on silicon wafer and studied for their impact on physical, optical and electrical characteristics. Structural patterns displayed that ZnO crystal lattice is in preferred c-axis orientation and proved the higher purities. Observations under field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed the coverage of ZnO nanorods by Au-spots having diameters in the average ranges of 5-10 nm, as determined under transmission electron microscopy. Impedance spectroscopic analysis of Au-sputtered ZnO nanorods was carried out in the frequency range of 1 to 100 MHz with applied AC amplitude of 1 V RMS. The obtained results showed significant changes in the electrical properties (conductance and dielectric constant) with nanostructures. A clear demonstration with 30-nm thickness of Au-sputtering was apparent to be ideal for downstream applications, due to the lowest variation in resistance value of grain boundary, which has dynamic and superior characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeradasan Perumal
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Uda Hashim
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Haarindraprasad Rajintra Prasad
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Liu Wei-Wen
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - S R Balakrishnan
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Thivina Vijayakumar
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Ruslinda Abdul Rahim
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
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12
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Jin NZ, Gopinath SC. Potential blood clotting factors and anticoagulants. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:356-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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13
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Logaranjan K, Raiza AJ, Gopinath SCB, Chen Y, Pandian K. Shape- and Size-Controlled Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aloe vera Plant Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:520. [PMID: 27885623 PMCID: PMC5122529 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) was performed at room temperature using Aloe vera plant extract in the presence of ammoniacal silver nitrate as a metal salt precursor. The formation of AgNP was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy at different time intervals. The shape and size of the synthesized particle were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. These results were confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses and further supported by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy/Raman scattering (SERS) study. UV-visible spectrum has shown a sharp peak at 420 nm and further evidenced by FTIR peak profile (at 1587.6, 1386.4, and 1076 cm-1 with corresponding compounds). The main band position with SERS was noticed at 1594 cm-1 (C-C stretching vibration). When samples were heated under microwave radiation, AgNP with octahedron shapes with 5-50 nm were found and this method can be one of the easier ways to synthesis anisotropic AgNP, in which the plant extract plays a vital role to regulate the size and shape of the nanoparticles. Enhanced antibacterial effects (two- to fourfold) were observed in the case of Aloe vera plant protected AgNP than the routinely synthesized antibiotic drugs. Shape and size-controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Aloe vera plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliyaperumal Logaranjan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Anasdass Jaculin Raiza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, 01000 Perlis Malaysia
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, Arau, 02600 Perlis Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kannaiyan Pandian
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 Tamil Nadu India
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Aptamer-based impedimetric determination of the human blood clotting factor IX in serum using an interdigitated electrode modified with a ZnO nanolayer. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-2001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Lakshmipriya T, Gopinath SCB, Tang TH. Biotin-Streptavidin Competition Mediates Sensitive Detection of Biomolecules in Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151153. [PMID: 26954237 PMCID: PMC4783082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is the gold standard assay for detecting and identifying biomolecules using antibodies as the probe. Improving ELISA is crucial for detecting disease-causing agents and facilitating diagnosis at the early stages of disease. Biotinylated antibody and streptavidin-conjugated horse radish peroxide (streptavidin-HRP) often are used with ELISA to enhance the detection of various kinds of targets. In the present study, we used a competition-based strategy in which we pre-mixed free biotin with streptavidin-HRP to generate high-performance system, as free biotin occupies some of the biotin binding sites on streptavidin, thereby providing more chances for streptavidin-HRP to bind with biotinylated antibody. ESAT-6, which is a protein secreted early during tuberculosis infection, was used as the model target. We found that 8 fM of free biotin mixed with streptavidin-HRP anchored the higher detection level of ESAT-6 by four-fold compared with detection without free biotin (only streptavidin-HRP), and the limit of detection of the new method was 250 pM. These results suggest that biotin-streptavidin competition can be used to improve the diagnosis of analytes in other types of sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Lakshmipriya
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (TL); (THT)
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Thean-Hock Tang
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (TL); (THT)
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16
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Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are promising alternatives to antibodies in analytics. They are generally obtained through an iterative SELEX protocol that enriches a population of synthetic oligonucleotides to a subset that can recognize the chosen target molecule specifically and avidly. A wide range of targets is recognized by aptamers. Once identified and optimized for performance, aptamers can be reproducibly synthesized and offer other key features, like small size, low cost, sensitivity, specificity, rapid response, stability, and reusability. This makes them excellent options for sensory units in a variety of analytical platforms including those with electrochemical, optical, and mass sensitive transduction detection. Many novel sensing strategies have been developed by rational design to take advantage of the tendency of aptamers to undergo conformational changes upon target/analyte binding and employing the principles of base complementarity that can drive the nucleic acid structure. Despite their many advantages over antibodies, surprisingly few aptamers have yet been integrated into commercially available analytical devices. In this review, we discuss how to select and engineer aptamers for their identified application(s), some of the challenges faced in developing aptamers for analytics and many examples of their reported successful performance as sensors in a variety of analytical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muslum Ilgu
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011, USA. and Aptalogic Inc., Ames IA 50014, USA
| | - Marit Nilsen-Hamilton
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011, USA. and Aptalogic Inc., Ames IA 50014, USA and Ames Laboratory, US DOE, Ames IA 50011, USA
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17
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Biotechnological Aspects and Perspective of Microbial Keratinase Production. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:140726. [PMID: 26180780 PMCID: PMC4477050 DOI: 10.1155/2015/140726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Keratinases are proteolytic enzymes predominantly active when keratin substrates are available that attack disulfide bridges in the keratin to convert them from complex to simplified forms. Keratinases are essential in preparation of animal nutrients, protein supplements, leather manufacture, textile processing, detergent formulation, feather meal processing for feed and fertilizer, the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries, and waste management. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop a method for continuous production of keratinase from reliable sources that can be easily managed. Microbial keratinase is less expensive than conventionally produced keratinase and can be obtained from fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes. In this overview, the expansion of information about microbial keratinases and important considerations in keratinase production are discussed.
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Fujimaki M, Wang X, Kato T, Awazu K, Ohki Y. Parallel-incidence-type waveguide-mode sensor with spectral-readout setup. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:10925-10937. [PMID: 25969188 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.010925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A waveguide-mode sensor of the spectral-readout type can be used to detect changes in the complex refractive index in the vicinity of the surface of a sensing plate by observing the change in the spectrum of light reflected on the surface. The sensor's configuration can be simplified by adopting a parallel-incidence-type optical setup. To obtain a high sensitivity, the optimization of the sensing-plate structure, incidence angle, and detection wavelength band is essential for the sensor. In the present report, the results predicted by simulations are compared with experimental results in order to evaluate their validity. A discussion of the optimal design for the parallel-incidence-type sensor is also presented, according to the results obtained.
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Jørgensen AS, Gupta P, Wengel J, Astakhova IK. "Clickable" LNA/DNA probes for fluorescence sensing of nucleic acids and autoimmune antibodies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:10751-3. [PMID: 24107917 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45507f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe fluorescent oligonucleotides prepared by click chemistry between novel alkyne-modified locked nucleic acid (LNA) strands and a series of fluorescent azides for homogeneous (all-in-solution) detection of nucleic acids and autoimmune antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Jørgensen
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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20
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Gopinath SCB, Lakshmipriya T, Awazu K. Colorimetric detection of controlled assembly and disassembly of aptamers on unmodified gold nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 51:115-23. [PMID: 23948242 PMCID: PMC7125824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are nucleic acid ligands that are generated artificially by in vitro selection and behave similar to antibodies. The development of aptamer-based sensing systems or strategies has been in vogue for the past few decades, because aptamers are smaller in size, stable, cheaper and undergo easier modifications. Owing to these advantages, several facile aptamer-based colorimetric strategies have been created by controlling the assembly and disassembly of aptamers on unmodified gold nanoparticle probes. As these kinds of assay systems are rapid and can be visualized unaided by instruments, they have recently become an attractive method of choice. The formation of purple-colored aggregates (attraction) from the red dispersed (repulsion) state of GNPs in the presence of mono- or divalent ions is the key principle behind this assay. Due to its simplicity and versatility, this assay can be an alternative to existing diagnostic assays. Here, we have investigated the critical elements involved in colorimetric assays, and have screened different proteins and small ligands to evaluate biofouling on GNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C B Gopinath
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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Hayat A, Yang C, Rhouati A, Marty JL. Recent advances and achievements in nanomaterial-based, and structure switchable aptasensing platforms for ochratoxin A detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 13:15187-208. [PMID: 24201319 PMCID: PMC3871093 DOI: 10.3390/s131115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aptamer-based bioreceptors that can easily adopt their surroundings have captured the attention of scientists from a wide spectrum of domains in designing highly sensitive, selective and structure switchable sensing assays. Through elaborate design and chemical functionalization, numerous aptamer-based assays have been developed that can switch their conformation upon incubation with target analyte, resulting in an enhanced output signal. To further lower the detection limits to picomolar levels, nanomaterials have attracted great interest in the design of aptamer-based sensing platforms. Associated to their unique properties, nanomaterials offer great promise for numerous aptasensing applications. This review will discuss current research activities in the aptasensing with typical example of detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). OTA, a secondary fungal metabolite, contaminates a variety of food commodities, and has several toxicological effects such as nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, teratogenic and immunotoxic activities. The review will introduce advances made in the methods of integrating nanomaterials in aptasensing, and will discuss current conformational switchable design strategies in aptasensor fabrication methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Hayat
- BIOMEM, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan Cedex 66860, France; E-Mails: (A.H.); (C.Y.); (A.R.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Cheng Yang
- BIOMEM, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan Cedex 66860, France; E-Mails: (A.H.); (C.Y.); (A.R.)
| | - Amina Rhouati
- BIOMEM, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan Cedex 66860, France; E-Mails: (A.H.); (C.Y.); (A.R.)
| | - Jean Louis Marty
- BIOMEM, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan Cedex 66860, France; E-Mails: (A.H.); (C.Y.); (A.R.)
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Gopinath SCB, Awazu K, Fujimaki M, Shimizu K, Shima T. Observations of immuno-gold conjugates on influenza viruses using waveguide-mode sensors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69121. [PMID: 23874887 PMCID: PMC3708897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles were conjugated to an antibody (immuno-AuNP) against A/Udorn/307/1972 (H3N2) influenza virus to detect viruses on a sensing plate designed for an evanescent field-coupled waveguide-mode sensor. Experiments were conducted using human influenza A/H3N2 strains, and immuno-AuNP could detect 8×10(5) PFU/ml (40 pg/µl) intact A/Udorn/307/1972 and 120 pg/µl A/Brisbane/10/2007. Furthermore, increased signal magnitude was achieved in the presence of non-ionic detergent, as the virtual detection level was increased to 8×10(4) PFU/ml A/Udorn/307/1972. Immuno-AuNPs were then complexed with viruses to permit direct observation, and they formed a ring of confined nanodots on the membrane of both intact and detergent-treated viruses as directly visualized by scanning electron microscopy. With this complex the detection limit was improved further to 8×10(3) PFU/ml on anti-rabbit IgG immobilized sensing plate. These strategies introduce methods for observing trapped intact viruses on the sensing plates generated for optical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koichi Awazu
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujimaki
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Shimizu
- Open Research Center for Genome and Infectious Disease Control, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shima
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Gopinath SCB, Anbu P, Lakshmipriya T, Hilda A. Strategies to characterize fungal lipases for applications in medicine and dairy industry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:154549. [PMID: 23865040 PMCID: PMC3705982 DOI: 10.1155/2013/154549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipases are water-soluble enzymes that act on insoluble substrates and catalyze the hydrolysis of long-chain triglycerides. Lipases play a vital role in the food, detergent, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. In the past, fungal lipases gained significant attention in the industries due to their substrate specificity and stability under varied chemical and physical conditions. Fungal enzymes are extracellular in nature, and they can be extracted easily, which significantly reduces the cost and makes this source preferable over bacteria. Soil contaminated with spillage from the products of oil and dairy harbors fungal species, which have the potential to secrete lipases to degrade fats and oils. Herein, the strategies involved in the characterization of fungal lipases, capable of degrading fatty substances, are narrated with a focus on further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Periasamy Anbu
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Thangavel Lakshmipriya
- Department of Mathematics, SBK College, Madurai Kamaraj University, Aruppukottai, Tamil Nadu 626101, India
| | - Azariah Hilda
- Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
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Šmuc T, Ahn IY, Ulrich H. Nucleic acid aptamers as high affinity ligands in biotechnology and biosensorics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 81-82:210-7. [PMID: 23666257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are small nucleic acid molecules capable of binding to a wide range of target molecules with high affinity and specificity. They have been developed and widely used not only as research tools, but also as biosensors, specific antagonists, and diagnostic markers and as protein purification platform for many pharmaceutical and clinical applications. Here, in this paper we will explore biochemical aspects of aptamer-target interactions and show why aptamers rival antibodies in target recognition and purification procedures. This review will focus on strategies of using aptamers as affinity ligands for molecules of therapeutic and pharmaceutical interest including applications in chromatography and capillary electrophoresis for protein and small molecule purification. Moreover, we will also discuss aptamers whose binding parameters can be controlled on demand for diagnostic approaches and used as sensitive receptors in biosensorics. Aptamers have opened up exciting fields in basic and applied research of pharmaceutical and biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Šmuc
- Laboratory for Bio-instrumentation, Centre of Excellence for Biosensors, Instrumentation and Process Control, Velika pot 22, 5250 Solkan, Slovenia
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Yoshida Y, Waga I, Horii K. Quantitative and sensitive protein detection strategies based on aptamers. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 6:574-80. [PMID: 22996907 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are functional oligonucleotides of single-stranded RNA or DNA that can selectively recognize their targets with high affinity. Hence, they have been widely developed for analytical, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in the development of aptamer-based detection systems. Aptamers can be amplified exponentially by PCR, which is one of the advantages of aptamers over antibodies. Recently, we have developed immuno-aptamers that bind to mouse or rabbit IgG and constructed a novel sensitive detection system based on a conventional ELISA, called the immuno-aptamer PCR assay. In this article, the aptamer-based ready-to-use sensors and another PCR-based aptamer assays are also described; moreover, we have discussed highly sensitive aptamer-based detection systems.
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