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Ambedkar AK, Gautam D, Vikal S, Singh M, Kumar A, Sanger A, Sharma K, Singh BP, Gautam YK. Ocimum sanctum Leaf Extract-Assisted Green Synthesis of Pd-Doped CuO Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive and Selective NO 2 Gas Sensors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:29663-29673. [PMID: 37599967 PMCID: PMC10433468 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
In view of facile, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly synthetic methods, palladium-doped copper oxide (Pd-CuO) nanoparticles have been synthesized from Ocimum sanctum (commonly known as "Tulsi") phytoextract for gas-sensing applications. The structural, morphological, and compositional properties of Pd-doped CuO nanoparticles were studied using various techniques such as XRD, FESEM, XPS, and EDX. The characterization results confirmed the doping of Pd on CuO nanoparticles, and Pd-CuO nanostructures appear as nanoflakes in FESEM analysis. The gas-sensing response of Pd (1.12 wt %)-CuO nanoflake-based sensor was measured at 5-100 ppm concentration of different gases, NO2, H2S, NH3, and H2, at 125 °C. Gas-sensing tests reveal that the sensitivity of the sensor were 81.7 and 38.9% for 100 and 5 ppm concentrations of NO2, respectively, which was significantly greater than that of pure CuO. The response and recovery times of the sensor were 72 and 98 s for 100 ppm of NO2 gas, while they were 90 and 50 s for 5 ppm NO2. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) value of the sensor is 0.8235. This appealing LOD is suitable for real-time gas detection. The gas sensor was found to exhibit excellent selectivity toward NO2 gas and repeatability and stability in humid (80%) conditions. The Pd doping in CuO nanostructures plays a significant role in escalating the sensitivity and selectivity of CuO-based NO2 gas sensor suitable to work at low operating temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anit K. Ambedkar
- Smart
Materials and Sensor Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004, India
| | - Durvesh Gautam
- Smart
Materials and Sensor Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004, India
| | - Sagar Vikal
- Smart
Materials and Sensor Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004, India
| | - Manohar Singh
- Smart
Materials and Sensor Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Institute
Instrumentation Centre, Indian Institute
of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttrakhand 247667, India
- Department
of Physics, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India
| | - Amit Sanger
- Department
of Physics, Netaji Subhas University of
Technology, Dwarka Sector-3, New Delhi 110078, India
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Smart
Materials and Sensor Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004, India
| | - Beer Pal Singh
- Smart
Materials and Sensor Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004, India
| | - Yogendra K. Gautam
- Smart
Materials and Sensor Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004, India
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Han TH, Bak SY, Kim S, Lee SH, Han YJ, Yi M. Decoration of CuO NWs Gas Sensor with ZnO NPs for Improving NO 2 Sensing Characteristics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2103. [PMID: 33802767 PMCID: PMC8002490 DOI: 10.3390/s21062103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces a method for improving the sensitivity to NO2 gas of a p-type metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor. The gas sensor was fabricated using CuO nanowires (NWs) grown through thermal oxidation and decorated with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using a sol-gel method. The CuO gas sensor with a ZnO heterojunction exhibited better sensitivity to NO2 gas than the pristine CuO gas sensor. The heterojunction in CuO/ZnO gas sensors caused a decrease in the width of the hole accumulation layer (HAL) and an increase in the initial resistance. The possibility to influence the width of the HAL helped improve the NO2 sensing characteristics of the gas sensor. The growth morphology, atomic composition, and crystal structure of the gas sensors were analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Han
- Department of Smart Interdisciplinary Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - So-Young Bak
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Smart Interdisciplinary Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Se Hyeong Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Han
- Department of Smart Interdisciplinary Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Moonsuk Yi
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Abstract
Metal oxide semiconductors have found widespread applications in chemical sensors based on electrical transduction principles, in particular for the detection of a large variety of gaseous analytes, including environmental pollutants and hazardous gases. This review recapitulates the progress in copper oxide nanomaterial-based devices, while discussing decisive factors influencing gas sensing properties and performance. Literature reports on the highly sensitive detection of several target molecules, including volatile organic compounds, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen oxide from parts-per-million down to parts-per-billion concentrations are compared. Physico-chemical mechanisms for sensing and transduction are summarized and prospects for future developments are outlined.
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Rezk MY, Sharma J, Gartia MR. Nanomaterial-Based CO 2 Sensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2251. [PMID: 33202957 PMCID: PMC7697554 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) is critical for environmental monitoring, chemical safety control, and many industrial applications. The manifold application fields as well as the huge range of CO2 concentration to be measured make CO2 sensing a challenging task. Thus, the ability to reliably and quantitatively detect carbon dioxide requires vastly improved materials and approaches that can work under different environmental conditions. Due to their unique favorable chemical, optical, physical, and electrical properties, nanomaterials are considered state-of-the-art sensing materials. This mini-review documents the advancement of nanomaterial-based CO2 sensors in the last two decades and discusses their strengths, weaknesses, and major applications. The use of nanomaterials for CO2 sensing offers several improvements in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, response time, and detection, demonstrating the advantage of using nanomaterials for developing high-performance CO2 sensors. Anticipated future trends in the area of nanomaterial-based CO2 sensors are also discussed in light of the existing limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Y Rezk
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jyotsna Sharma
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Shkir M, Khan ZR, Chandekar KV, Alshahrani T, Kumar A, AlFaify S. A facile microwave synthesis of Cr-doped CdS QDs and investigation of their physical properties for optoelectronic applications. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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6
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Schlur L, Agostini P, Thomas G, Gerer G, Grau J, Spitzer D. Detection of Organophosphorous Chemical Agents with CuO-Nanorod-Modified Microcantilevers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1061. [PMID: 32075324 PMCID: PMC7070513 DOI: 10.3390/s20041061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microcantilevers are really promising sensitive sensors despite their small surface. In order to increase this surface and consequently their sensitivity, we nanostructured them with copper oxide (CuO) nanorods. The synthesis of the nanostructure consists of the oxidation of a copper layer deposited beforehand on the surface of the sample. The oxidation is performed in an alkaline solution containing a mixture of Na(OH) and (NH4)2S2O8. The synthesis procedure was first optimized on a silicon wafer, then transferred to optical cantilever-based sensors. This transfer requires specific synthesis modifications in order to cover all the cantilever with nanorods. A masking procedure was specially developed and the copper layer deposition was also optimized. These nanostructured cantilevers were engineered in order to detect vapors of organophosphorous chemical warfare agents (CWA). The nanostructured microcantilevers were exposed to various concentration of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) which is a well-known simulant of sarin (GB). The detection measurements showed that copper oxide is able to detect DMMP via hydrogen interactions. The results showed also that the increase of the microcantilever surface with the nanostructures improves the sensors efficiency. The evolution of the detection performances of the CuO nanostructured cantilevers with the DMMP concentration was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Schlur
- Nanomatériaux pour les Systèmes Sous Sollicitations Extrêmes (NS3E), UMR 3208 ISL/CNRS/UNISTRA, French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis, 5, rue du Général Cassagnou, 68300 Saint-Louis, France; (L.S.)
| | - Pierre Agostini
- Nanomatériaux pour les Systèmes Sous Sollicitations Extrêmes (NS3E), UMR 3208 ISL/CNRS/UNISTRA, French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis, 5, rue du Général Cassagnou, 68300 Saint-Louis, France; (L.S.)
- Institut Jean Lamour, CNRS—Université de Lorraine, UMR 7198, Campus Artem, Allée André Guinier, 54011 Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Thomas
- Nanomatériaux pour les Systèmes Sous Sollicitations Extrêmes (NS3E), UMR 3208 ISL/CNRS/UNISTRA, French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis, 5, rue du Général Cassagnou, 68300 Saint-Louis, France; (L.S.)
| | - Geoffrey Gerer
- Nanomatériaux pour les Systèmes Sous Sollicitations Extrêmes (NS3E), UMR 3208 ISL/CNRS/UNISTRA, French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis, 5, rue du Général Cassagnou, 68300 Saint-Louis, France; (L.S.)
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy Environment and Health (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-University of Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques Grau
- French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis, 5, rue du Général Cassagnou, 68300 Saint Louis, France
| | - Denis Spitzer
- Nanomatériaux pour les Systèmes Sous Sollicitations Extrêmes (NS3E), UMR 3208 ISL/CNRS/UNISTRA, French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis, 5, rue du Général Cassagnou, 68300 Saint-Louis, France; (L.S.)
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7
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Oosthuizen D, Korditis I, Swart H, Motaung D. Facile control of room temperature nitrogen dioxide gas selectivity induced by copper oxide nanoplatelets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 560:755-768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Amphiphilic block copolymers directed synthesis of mesoporous nickel-based oxides with bimodal mesopores and nanocrystal-assembled walls. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Oosthuizen DN, Motaung DE, Strydom AM, Swart HC. Underpinning the Interaction between NO 2 and CuO Nanoplatelets at Room Temperature by Tailoring Synthesis Reaction Base and Time. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18035-18048. [PMID: 31720507 PMCID: PMC6843718 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An approach to tailor the morphology and sensing characteristics of CuO nanoplatelets for selective detection of NO2 gas is of great significance and an important step toward achieving the challenge of improving air quality and in assuring the safety of mining operations. As a result, in this study, we report on the NO2 room temperature gas-sensing characteristics of CuO nanoplatelets and the underlying mechanism toward the gas-sensing performance by altering the synthesis reaction base and time. High sensitivity of ∼40 ppm-1 to NO2 gas at room temperature has been realized for gas sensors fabricated from CuO nanoplatelets, using NaOH as base for reaction times of 45 and 60 min, respectively at 75 °C. In both cases, the crystallite size, surface area, and hole concentration of the respective materials influenced the selectivity and sensitivity of the NO2 gas sensors. The mechanism underpinning the superior NO2 gas sensing are thoroughly discussed in terms of the crystallite size, hole concentration, and surface area as active sites for gas adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina N. Oosthuizen
- Department
of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein ZA9300, South Africa
- DST/CSIR
National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - David E. Motaung
- Department
of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein ZA9300, South Africa
- Department
of Physics, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - André M. Strydom
- Highly
Correlated Matter Research Group, Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Hendrik C. Swart
- Department
of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein ZA9300, South Africa
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10
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Abstract
In this work, the latest achievements in the field of copper oxide thin film gas sensors are presented and discussed. Several methods and deposition techniques are shown with their advantages and disadvantages for commercial applications. Recently, CuO thin film gas sensors have been studied to detect various compounds, such as: nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, as well as several volatile organic compounds in many different applications, e.g., agriculture. The CuO thin film gas sensors exhibited high 3-S parameters (sensitivity, selectivity, and stability). Furthermore, the possibility to function at room temperature with long-term stability was proven as well, which makes this material very attractive in gas-sensing applications, including exhaled breath analysis.
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11
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Effect of Platinum Doping on the Morphology and Sensing Performance for CuO-Based Gas Sensor. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Cu(OH)₂ and CuO Nanorod Synthesis on Piezoresistive Cantilevers for the Selective Detection of Nitrogen Dioxide. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18041108. [PMID: 29621172 PMCID: PMC5948519 DOI: 10.3390/s18041108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Self-controlled active oscillating microcantilevers with a piezoresistive readout are very promising sensitive sensors, despite their small surface. In order to increase this surface and consequently their sensitivity, we nanostructured them with copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) or with copper oxide (CuO) nanorods. The Cu(OH)2 rods were grown, on a homogeneous copper layer previously evaporated on the top of the cantilever. The CuO nanorods were further obtained by the annealing of the copper hydroxide nanostructures. Then, these copper based nanorods were used to detect several molecules vapors. The results showed no chemical affinity (no formation of a chemical bond) between the CuO cantilevers and the tested molecules. The cantilever with Cu(OH)2 nanorods is selective to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in presence of humidity. Indeed, among all the tested analytes, copper hydroxide has only an affinity with NO2. Despite the absence of affinity, the cantilevers could even so condensate explosives (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) on their surface when the cantilever temperature was lower than the explosives source, allowing their detection. We proved that in condensation conditions, the cantilever surface material has no importance and that the nanostructuration is useless because a raw silicon cantilever detects as well as the nanostructured ones.
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Sheikh TA, Rahman MM, Asiri AM, Marwani HM. Sensitive 3-chlorophenol sensor development based on facile Er2O3/CuO nanomaterials for environmental safety. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low-dimensional Er2O3/CuO nanomaterials were synthesized by wet-chemical process and totally characterized with various conventional methods. The electrochemical approach could be a pioneer development in selective 3-CP sensor development using doped nano-structural materials by an electrochemical method for the various phenolic sensor applications for environmental safety in broad scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali Sheikh
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Rahman
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi M. Marwani
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
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Presmanes L, Thimont Y, El Younsi I, Chapelle A, Blanc F, Talhi C, Bonningue C, Barnabé A, Menini P, Tailhades P. Integration of P-CuO Thin Sputtered Layers onto Microsensor Platforms for Gas Sensing. SENSORS 2017. [PMID: 28621738 PMCID: PMC5492108 DOI: 10.3390/s17061409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
P-type semiconducting copper oxide (CuO) thin films deposited by radio-frequency (RF) sputtering were integrated onto microsensors using classical photolithography technologies. The integration of the 50-nm-thick layer could be successfully carried out using the lift-off process. The microsensors were tested with variable thermal sequences under carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), acetaldehyde (C2H4O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) which are among the main pollutant gases measured by metal-oxide (MOS) gas sensors for air quality control systems in automotive cabins. Because the microheaters were designed on a membrane, it was then possible to generate very rapid temperature variations (from room temperature to 550 °C in only 50 ms) and a rapid temperature cycling mode could be applied. This measurement mode allowed a significant improvement of the sensor response under 2 and 5 ppm of acetaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Presmanes
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Yohann Thimont
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Imane El Younsi
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Audrey Chapelle
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31031 Toulouse, France.
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31031 Toulouse, France.
| | - Chabane Talhi
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31031 Toulouse, France.
| | - Corine Bonningue
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Antoine Barnabé
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Philippe Menini
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31031 Toulouse, France.
| | - Philippe Tailhades
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France.
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15
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Woo HS, Na CW, Lee JH. Design of Highly Selective Gas Sensors via Physicochemical Modification of Oxide Nanowires: Overview. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16091531. [PMID: 27657076 PMCID: PMC5038804 DOI: 10.3390/s16091531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for the enhancement of gas sensing properties, and specifically the improvement of gas selectivity of metal oxide semiconductor nanowire (NW) networks grown by chemical vapor deposition and thermal evaporation, are reviewed. Highly crystalline NWs grown by vapor-phase routes have various advantages, and thus have been applied in the field of gas sensors over the years. In particular, n-type NWs such as SnO2, ZnO, and In2O3 are widely studied because of their simple synthetic preparation and high gas response. However, due to their usually high responses to C2H5OH and NO2, the selective detection of other harmful and toxic gases using oxide NWs remains a challenging issue. Various strategies—such as doping/loading of noble metals, decorating/doping of catalytic metal oxides, and the formation of core–shell structures—have been explored to enhance gas selectivity and sensitivity, and are discussed herein. Additional methods such as the transformation of n-type into p-type NWs and the formation of catalyst-doped hierarchical structures by branch growth have also proven to be promising for the enhancement of gas selectivity. Accordingly, the physicochemical modification of oxide NWs via various methods provides new strategies to achieve the selective detection of a specific gas, and after further investigations, this approach could pave a new way in the field of NW-based semiconductor-type gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Sik Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Chan Woong Na
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Jong-Heun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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16
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Wang Z, Nayak PK, Caraveo-Frescas JA, Alshareef HN. Recent Developments in p-Type Oxide Semiconductor Materials and Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:3831-3892. [PMID: 26879813 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of transparent p-type oxide semiconductors with good performance may be a true enabler for a variety of applications where transparency, power efficiency, and greater circuit complexity are needed. Such applications include transparent electronics, displays, sensors, photovoltaics, memristors, and electrochromics. Hence, here, recent developments in materials and devices based on p-type oxide semiconductors are reviewed, including ternary Cu-bearing oxides, binary copper oxides, tin monoxide, spinel oxides, and nickel oxides. The crystal and electronic structures of these materials are discussed, along with approaches to enhance valence-band dispersion to reduce effective mass and increase mobility. Strategies to reduce interfacial defects, off-state current, and material instability are suggested. Furthermore, it is shown that promising progress has been made in the performance of various types of devices based on p-type oxides. Several innovative approaches exist to fabricate transparent complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices, including novel device fabrication schemes and utilization of surface chemistry effects, resulting in good inverter gains. However, despite recent developments, p-type oxides still lag in performance behind their n-type counterparts, which have entered volume production in the display market. Recent successes along with the hurdles that stand in the way of commercial success of p-type oxide semiconductors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Wang
- Materials Science & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradipta K Nayak
- Materials Science & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus A Caraveo-Frescas
- Materials Science & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Building Selectivity for NO Sensing in a NOx Mixture with Sonochemically Prepared CuO Structures. CHEMOSENSORS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors4010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Rydosz A, Szkudlarek A. Gas-Sensing Performance of M-Doped CuO-Based Thin Films Working at Different Temperatures upon Exposure to Propane. SENSORS 2015; 15:20069-85. [PMID: 26287204 PMCID: PMC4570410 DOI: 10.3390/s150820069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cupric oxide (CuO) thin films are promising materials in gas sensor applications. The CuO-based gas sensors behaved as p-type semiconductors and can be used as part of an e-nose or smart sensor array for breath analysis. The authors present the investigation results on M-doped CuO-based (M = Ag, Au, Cr, Pd, Pt, Sb, Si) sensors working at various temperatures upon exposure to a low concentration of C3H8, which can be found in exhaled human breath, and it can be considered as a one of the biomarkers of several diseases. The films have been deposited in magnetron sputtering technology on low temperature cofired ceramics substrates. The results of the gas sensors’ response are also presented and discussed. The Cr:CuO-based structure, annealed at 400 °C for 4 h in air, showed the highest sensor response, of the order of 2.7 at an operation temperature of 250 °C. The response and recovery time(s) were 10 s and 24 s, respectively. The results show that the addition of M-dopants in the cupric oxide films effectively act as catalysts in propane sensors and improve the gas sensing properties. The films’ phase composition, microstructure and surface topography have been assessed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Rydosz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szkudlarek
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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