1
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Rowland S, Aghakhani A, Whalley RD, Ferreira AM, Kotov N, Gentile P. Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticle Assembly for Biomedicine: Mechanisms, Technologies, and Advancement via Acoustofluidics. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2024; 7:15874-15902. [PMID: 39086513 PMCID: PMC11287493 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.4c02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The deposition of thin films plays a crucial role in surface engineering, tailoring structural modifications, and functionalization across diverse applications. Layer-by-layer self-assembly, a prominent thin-film deposition method, has witnessed substantial growth since its mid-20th-century inception, driven by the discovery of eligible materials and innovative assembly technologies. Of these materials, micro- and nanoscopic substrates have received far less interest than their macroscopic counterparts; however, this is changing. The catalogue of eligible materials, including nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymers, proteins, cells and liposomes, along with some well-established layer-by-layer technologies, have combined to unlock impactful applications in biomedicine, as well as other areas like food fortification, and water remediation. To access these fields, several well-established technologies have been used, including tangential flow filtration, fluidized bed, atomization, electrophoretic assembly, and dielectrophoresis. Despite the invention of these technologies, the field of particle layer-by-layer still requires further technological development to achieve a high-yield, automatable, and industrially ready process, a requirement for the diverse, reactionary field of biomedicine and high-throughput pharmaceutical industry. This review provides a background on layer-by-layer, focusing on how its constituent building blocks and bonding mechanisms enable unmatched versatility. The discussion then extends to established and recent technologies employed for coating micro- and nanoscopic matter, evaluating their drawbacks and advantages, and highlighting promising areas in microfluidic approaches, where one distinctly auspicious technology emerges, acoustofluidics. The review also explores the potential and demonstrated application of acoustofluidics in layer-by-layer technology, as well as analyzing existing acoustofluidic technologies beyond LbL coating in areas such as cell trapping, cell sorting, and multidimensional particle manipulation. Finally, the review concludes with future perspectives on layer-by-layer nanoparticle coating and the potential impact of integrating acoustofluidic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Rowland
- School
of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1
7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Amirreza Aghakhani
- School
of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1
7RU, United Kingdom
- Institute
for Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Richard D. Whalley
- School
of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1
7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Marina Ferreira
- School
of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1
7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Kotov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Piergiorgio Gentile
- School
of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1
7RU, United Kingdom
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2
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Zhang R, Zhang C, Fan X, Au Yeung CCK, Li H, Lin H, Shum HC. A droplet robotic system enabled by electret-induced polarization on droplet. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6220. [PMID: 39043732 PMCID: PMC11266649 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Robotics for scientific research are evolving from grasping macro-scale solid materials to directly actuating micro-scale liquid samples. However, current liquid actuation mechanisms often restrict operable liquid types or compromise the activity of biochemical samples by introducing interfering mediums. Here, we propose a robotic liquid handling system enabled by a novel droplet actuation mechanism, termed electret-induced polarization on droplet (EPD). EPD enables all-liquid actuation in principle and experimentally exhibits generality for actuating various inorganic/organic liquids with relative permittivity ranging from 2.25 to 84.2 and volume from 500 nL to 1 mL. Moreover, EPD is capable of actuating various biochemical samples without compromising their activities, including various body fluids, living cells, and proteins. A robotic system is also coupled with the EPD mechanism to enable full automation. EPD's high adaptability with liquid types and biochemical samples thus promotes the automation of liquid-based scientific experiments across multiple disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christina C K Au Yeung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huiyanchen Li
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haisong Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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3
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Niu J, Lin S, Xu Y, Tong S, Wang Z, Cui S, Liu Y, Chen D, Cui D. A stepwise multi-stage continuous dielectrophoresis separation microfluidic chip with microfilter structures. Talanta 2024; 279:126585. [PMID: 39053361 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The separation of target microparticles using microfluidic systems owns extensive applications in biomedical, chemical, and materials science fields. Integration of microfluidic sorting systems employing dielectrophoresis (DEP) technology has been widely investigated. However, enhancing separation efficiency, purity, stability, and integration remains a pressing issue. This study proposes a stepwise multi-stage continuous DEP separation microfluidic chip with a microfilter structure. By leveraging a stepwise electrode configuration, a gradient electric field is generated to drive target microparticles along the electric field gradient, thereby enhancing separation efficiency. Innovative integration of a microfilter structure facilitates simultaneous filtration and improves flow field distribution, thus enhancing system stability. Through the synergistic effect of stepwise electrodes and the microfilter structure, superior coupling of electric and flow fields is achieved, consequently improving the sorting purity, separation efficiency, and system stability of the DEP-based microfluidic sorting system. Validation through simulation and separation of polystyrene microspheres demonstrates the excellent particle separation performance of the proposed system. It evidently shows potential for seamless extension to various biological microparticle sorting applications, harboring significant prospects in the biomedical domain field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Niu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shujing Lin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Yichong Xu
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Siyu Tong
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhitao Wang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shengsheng Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yanlei Liu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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4
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Choi MH, Booth W, Edwards B, Timperman AT. Electroneutral Layer Dynamics Drive Ion Migration in Low Frequency AC Electrophoresis Below the Water Electrolysis Threshold. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39010789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Low-frequency AC electrophoresis lies in a regime between DC microchannel electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis, which typically utilizes frequencies above 1000 Hz. Although few electrophoretic methods have been reported in this ≤100 Hz range, traveling wave electrophoresis (TWE) and transverse AC electrophoresis (TrACE) operate in this frequency range, and use low voltages to avoid bubble formation from water electrolysis. TWE provides molecular separations with enhanced control and TrACE provides multiplexed, multiparameter particle characterization. However, two related fundamental questions remain about the mechanisms of electrophoretic migration in these systems. First, particle electrophoresis in TrACE is largely captured by a simple model that combines the alternating electric field with DC electrokinetics, but a deviation from the model is observed for applied square electric field waves that increases with decreasing frequency. Second, although electrode charging is believed to drive ion migration in TWE, the estimated electrode charging time is about 2-3 orders of magnitude faster than the wave period. In this study, a 1D finite numerical model that excludes Faradaic reactions simulates ion and particle migration across the microchannel width in TrACE. The 1D model results show good agreement with both particle and ion migration in TrACE systems. Furthermore, although ion migration between the pair of electrodes slows during each excursion of a 1 Hz square wave, there is substantial ion migration throughout the 0.5 s half-period. This modeling result agrees with experimental observations in TWE. Therefore, the clarification of the mechanisms of ion migration in these low-frequency and low-voltage AC electrophoresis is expected to expand their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hannah Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - William Booth
- The Terra Academy, Vernal, Utah 84078, United States
| | - Boyd Edwards
- Department of Physics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Aaron T Timperman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Shee Da En Z, Mhd Noor EE, Ahmed Kayani A, Hussin MH, Farrukh Baig M. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in the Determination of the Dielectric Properties of Tau-441 Protein for Dielectrophoresis Response Prediction. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:698. [PMID: 39061780 PMCID: PMC11274257 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11070698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study employs electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to probe the behavior of Tau-441 protein, a key component implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Through meticulous experimentation and analysis, the impedance of Tau-441 protein suspension revealed a conductivity peak value of 1.02 S/m. The study demonstrates a high level of specificity and selectivity, particularly within the challenging nanomolar concentration range. Additionally, the EIS method enabled the prediction of Tau-441 protein's dielectrophoresis (DEP) response and the determination of the associated frequency range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz. These findings contribute to advancing our understanding of the molecular intricacies surrounding Tau-441 and hold promise for unraveling implications related to Alzheimer's disease. This study establishes a robust foundation for future research on neurodegenerative disease and biosciences, offering valuable insights into the electrochemical dynamics of Tau-441 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuriel Shee Da En
- Centre for Manufacturing and Environmental Sustainability (CMES), Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Ayer Keroh 75450, Malaysia (M.F.B.)
| | - Ervina Efzan Mhd Noor
- Centre for Manufacturing and Environmental Sustainability (CMES), Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Ayer Keroh 75450, Malaysia (M.F.B.)
| | - Aminuddin Ahmed Kayani
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
| | - Mohd Hazwan Hussin
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Mirza Farrukh Baig
- Centre for Manufacturing and Environmental Sustainability (CMES), Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Ayer Keroh 75450, Malaysia (M.F.B.)
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6
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Yang Z, Wu H, Wang Z, Bian E, Zhao B. The role and application of small extracellular vesicles in glioma. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:229. [PMID: 38951882 PMCID: PMC11218314 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are cell-derived, nanometer-sized particles enclosed by a lipid bilayer. All kinds of biological molecules, including proteins, DNA fragments, RNA, lipids, and metabolites, can be selectively loaded into sEVs and transmitted to recipient cells that are near and distant. Growing shreds of evidence show the significant biological function and the clinical significance of sEVs in cancers. Numerous recent studies have validated that sEVs play an important role in tumor progression and can be utilized to diagnose, stage, grading, and monitor early tumors. In addition, sEVs have also served as drug delivery nanocarriers and cancer vaccines. Although it is still infancy, the field of basic and translational research based on sEVs has grown rapidly. In this review, we summarize the latest research on sEVs in gliomas, including their role in the malignant biological function of gliomas, and the potential of sEVs in non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, i.e., as nanocarriers for drug or gene delivery and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - HaoYuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - ZhiWei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - ErBao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
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7
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Nguyen N, Van TV, Nguyen T. The synergy of nucleic acid amplification and miniaturized systems in enhancing liquid biopsy applications. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:499-504. [PMID: 38380670 PMCID: PMC11299790 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Nguyen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam & Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Toi Vo Van
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam & Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Shared Research Facilities, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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8
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Kotsifaki A, Maroulaki S, Armakolas A. Exploring the Immunological Profile in Breast Cancer: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Prognosis through Circulating Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4832. [PMID: 38732051 PMCID: PMC11084220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the intricate immunological landscape of breast cancer (BC), focusing on recent advances in diagnosis and prognosis through the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Positioned within the broader context of BC research, it underscores the pivotal role of the immune system in shaping the disease's progression. The primary objective of this investigation is to synthesize current knowledge on the immunological aspects of BC, with a particular emphasis on the diagnostic and prognostic potential offered by CTCs. This review adopts a thorough examination of the relevant literature, incorporating recent breakthroughs in the field. The methodology section succinctly outlines the approach, with a specific focus on CTC analysis and its implications for BC diagnosis and prognosis. Through this review, insights into the dynamic interplay between the immune system and BC are highlighted, with a specific emphasis on the role of CTCs in advancing diagnostic methodologies and refining prognostic assessments. Furthermore, this review presents objective and substantiated results, contributing to a deeper understanding of the immunological complexity in BC. In conclusion, this investigation underscores the significance of exploring the immunological profile of BC patients, providing valuable insights into novel advances in diagnosis and prognosis through the utilization of CTCs. The objective presentation of findings emphasizes the crucial role of the immune system in BC dynamics, thereby opening avenues for enhanced clinical management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Athanasios Armakolas
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (S.M.)
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9
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Bouloorchi Tabalvandani M, Saeidpour Z, Habibi Z, Javadizadeh S, Firoozabadi SA, Badieirostami M. Microfluidics as an emerging paradigm for assisted reproductive technology: A sperm separation perspective. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:23. [PMID: 38652182 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Millions of people are subject to infertility worldwide and one in every six people, regardless of gender, experiences infertility at some period in their life, according to the World Health Organization. Assisted reproductive technologies are defined as a set of procedures that can address the infertility issue among couples, culminating in the alleviation of the condition. However, the costly conventional procedures of assisted reproduction and the inherent vagaries of the processes involved represent a setback for its successful implementation. Microfluidics, an emerging tool for processing low-volume samples, have recently started to play a role in infertility diagnosis and treatment. Given its host of benefits, including manipulating cells at the microscale, repeatability, automation, and superior biocompatibility, microfluidics have been adopted for various procedures in assisted reproduction, ranging from sperm sorting and analysis to more advanced processes such as IVF-on-a-chip. In this review, we try to adopt a more holistic approach and cover different uses of microfluidics for a variety of applications, specifically aimed at sperm separation and analysis. We present various sperm separation microfluidic techniques, categorized as natural and non-natural methods. A few of the recent developments in on-chip fertilization are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Saeidpour
- MEMS Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439957131, Iran
| | - Zahra Habibi
- MEMS Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439957131, Iran
| | - Saeed Javadizadeh
- MEMS Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439957131, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmadreza Firoozabadi
- MEMS Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439957131, Iran
| | - Majid Badieirostami
- MEMS Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439957131, Iran.
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10
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Harley WS, Kolesnik K, Heath DE, Collins DJ. Enhanced acoustic streaming effects via sharp-edged 3D microstructures. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1626-1635. [PMID: 38357759 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00742a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Acoustofluidic micromanipulation is an important tool for biomedical research, where acoustic forces offer the ability to manipulate fluids, cells, and particles in a rapid, biocompatible, and contact-free manner. Of particular interest is the investigation of acoustically driven sharp edges, where high tip velocity magnitudes and strong acoustic potential gradients drive rapid motion. Whereas prior devices utilizing 2D sharp edges have demonstrated promise for micromanipulation activities, taking advantage of 3D structures has the potential to increase their performance and the range of manipulation activities. In this work, we investigate high-magnitude acoustic streaming fields in the vicinity of sharp-edged, sub-wavelength 3D microstructures. We numerically model and experimentally demonstrate this in fabricating parametrically configured 3D microstructures whose tip-angle and geometry influence acoustic streaming velocities and the complexity of streaming vortices, finding that the simulated and realized velocities and streaming patterns are both tunable and a function of microstructure shape. These sharp-edge interfaces hold promise for biomedical studies benefiting from precise and targeted micromanipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Harley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kirill Kolesnik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel E Heath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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11
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Tivig I, Vallet L, Moisescu MG, Fernandes R, Andre FM, Mir LM, Savopol T. Early differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is reflected in their dielectrophoretic behavior. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4330. [PMID: 38383752 PMCID: PMC10881469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) becomes more and more important due to their potential for cell replacement procedures as well as due to their immunomodulatory properties. However, protocols for MSCs differentiation can be lengthy and may result in incomplete or asynchronous differentiation. To ensure homogeneous populations for therapeutic purposes, it is crucial to develop protocols for separation of the different cell types after differentiation. In this article we show that, when MSCs start to differentiate towards adipogenic or osteogenic progenies, their dielectrophoretic behavior changes. The values of cell electric parameters which can be obtained by dielectrophoretic measurements (membrane permittivity, conductivity, and cytoplasm conductivity) change before the morphological features of differentiation become microscopically visible. We further demonstrate, by simulation, that these electric modifications make possible to separate cells in their early stages of differentiation by using the dielectrophoretic separation technique. A label free method which allows obtaining cultures of homogenously differentiated cells is thus offered.
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Grants
- PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2021, grant no. 596PED/2022 Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development, and Innovation Funding
- PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2021, grant no. 596PED/2022 Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development, and Innovation Funding
- PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2021, grant no. 596PED/2022 Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development, and Innovation Funding
- PN-III-P3-3.1-PM-RO-FR-2019, grant no. 11BM/2019 Romania-France cooperation program Hubert Curien-Brancusi
- PN-III-P3-3.1-PM-RO-FR-2019, grant no. 11BM/2019 Romania-France cooperation program Hubert Curien-Brancusi
- PN-III-P3-3.1-PM-RO-FR-2019, grant no. 11BM/2019 Romania-France cooperation program Hubert Curien-Brancusi
- PN-III-P3-3.1-PM-RO-FR-2019, grant no. 11BM/2019 Romania-France cooperation program Hubert Curien-Brancusi
- FET-OPEN H2020, grant no. 964562 Horizon 2020
- FET-OPEN H2020, grant no. 964562 Horizon 2020
- FET-OPEN H2020, grant no. 964562 Horizon 2020
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Tivig
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474, Bucharest, Romania
- Excellence Center for Research in Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Leslie Vallet
- METSY UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS and Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Mihaela G Moisescu
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474, Bucharest, Romania.
- Excellence Center for Research in Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Romain Fernandes
- METSY UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS and Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Franck M Andre
- METSY UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS and Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Lluis M Mir
- METSY UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS and Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Tudor Savopol
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474, Bucharest, Romania
- Excellence Center for Research in Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474, Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Islam MA, Park SY. Optimizing Optical Dielectrophoretic (ODEP) Performance: Position- and Size-Dependent Droplet Manipulation in an Open-Chamber Oil Medium. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:119. [PMID: 38258238 PMCID: PMC10818536 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
An optimization study is presented to enhance optical dielectrophoretic (ODEP) performance for effective manipulation of an oil-immersed droplet in the floating electrode optoelectronic tweezers (FEOET) device. This study focuses on understanding how the droplet's position and size, relative to light illumination, affect the maximum ODEP force. Numerical simulations identified the characteristic length (Lc) of the electric field as a pivotal factor, representing the location of peak field strength. Utilizing 3D finite element simulations, the ODEP force is calculated through the Maxwell stress tensor by integrating the electric field strength over the droplet's surface and then analyzed as a function of the droplet's position and size normalized to Lc. Our findings reveal that the optimal position is xopt= Lc+ r, (with r being the droplet radius), while the optimal droplet size is ropt = 5Lc, maximizing light-induced field perturbation around the droplet. Experimental validations involving the tracking of droplet dynamics corroborated these findings. Especially, a droplet sized at r = 5Lc demonstrated the greatest optical actuation by performing the longest travel distance of 13.5 mm with its highest moving speed of 6.15 mm/s, when it was initially positioned at x0= Lc+ r = 6Lc from the light's center. These results align well with our simulations, confirming the criticality of both the position (xopt) and size (ropt) for maximizing ODEP force. This study not only provides a deeper understanding of the position- and size-dependent parameters for effective droplet manipulation in FEOET systems, but also advances the development of low-cost, disposable, lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices for multiplexed biological and biochemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung-Yong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1323, USA
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13
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Chu PY, Nguyen TNA, Wu AY, Huang PS, Huang KL, Liao CJ, Hsieh CH, Wu MH. The Utilization of Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP)-Based Cell Manipulation in a Microfluidic System for the Purification and Sorting of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) with Different Sizes. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2170. [PMID: 38138338 PMCID: PMC10745986 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) at the molecular level holds great promise for several clinical applications. For this goal, the harvest of high-purity, size-sorted CTCs with different subtypes from a blood sample are important. For this purpose, a two-step CTC isolation protocol was proposed, by which the immunomagnetic beads-based cell separation was first utilized to remove the majority of blood cells. After that, an optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) microfluidic system was developed to (1) purify the CTCs from the remaining magnetic microbeads-bound blood cells and to (2) sort and separate the CTCs with different sizes. In this study, the ODEP microfluidic system was designed and fabricated. Moreover, its optimum operation conditions and performance were explored. The results exhibited that the presented technique was able to purify and sort the cancer cells with two different sizes from a tested cell suspension in a high-purity (93.5% and 90.1% for the OECM 1 and HA22T cancer cells, respectively) manner. Overall, this study presented a technique for the purification and sorting of cancer cells with different sizes. Apart from this application, the technique is also useful for other applications in which the high-purity and label-free purification and sorting of cells with different sizes is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Ai-Yun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Po-Shuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Chia-Jung Liao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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14
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Torres-Castro K, Acuña-Umaña K, Lesser-Rojas L, Reyes DR. Microfluidic Blood Separation: Key Technologies and Critical Figures of Merit. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2117. [PMID: 38004974 PMCID: PMC10672873 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Blood is a complex sample comprised mostly of plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), and other cells whose concentrations correlate to physiological or pathological health conditions. There are also many blood-circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and various pathogens, that can be used as measurands to diagnose certain diseases. Microfluidic devices are attractive analytical tools for separating blood components in point-of-care (POC) applications. These platforms have the potential advantage of, among other features, being compact and portable. These features can eventually be exploited in clinics and rapid tests performed in households and low-income scenarios. Microfluidic systems have the added benefit of only needing small volumes of blood drawn from patients (from nanoliters to milliliters) while integrating (within the devices) the steps required before detecting analytes. Hence, these systems will reduce the associated costs of purifying blood components of interest (e.g., specific groups of cells or blood biomarkers) for studying and quantifying collected blood fractions. The microfluidic blood separation field has grown since the 2000s, and important advances have been reported in the last few years. Nonetheless, real POC microfluidic blood separation platforms are still elusive. A widespread consensus on what key figures of merit should be reported to assess the quality and yield of these platforms has not been achieved. Knowing what parameters should be reported for microfluidic blood separations will help achieve that consensus and establish a clear road map to promote further commercialization of these devices and attain real POC applications. This review provides an overview of the separation techniques currently used to separate blood components for higher throughput separations (number of cells or particles per minute). We present a summary of the critical parameters that should be considered when designing such devices and the figures of merit that should be explicitly reported when presenting a device's separation capabilities. Ultimately, reporting the relevant figures of merit will benefit this growing community and help pave the road toward commercialization of these microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Torres-Castro
- Biophysical and Biomedical Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katherine Acuña-Umaña
- Medical Devices Master’s Program, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR), Cartago 30101, Costa Rica
| | - Leonardo Lesser-Rojas
- Research Center in Atomic, Nuclear and Molecular Sciences (CICANUM), San José 11501, Costa Rica;
- School of Physics, Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), San José 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Darwin R. Reyes
- Biophysical and Biomedical Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
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15
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Kepper M, Karim MN, Baune M, Thöming J, Pesch GR. Influence of the filter grain morphology on separation efficiency in dielectrophoretic filtration. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1645-1654. [PMID: 37380622 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Recovery of noble materials from waste is essential for industries around the globe. Dielectrophoretic (DEP) filtration, an electrically switchable particle separation technique, can be applied to tackle this challenge. It is highly selective regarding particle size, material or shape. Expanding the scope of DEP towards high throughput and improving the trapping efficiency are vital to make DEP a viable robust alternative to conventional separation methods. DEP filtration works by selective immobilisation of particles in a porous medium by the action of an inhomogeneous electric field. The field inhomogeneity comes from scattering an electric field at the phase boundary between the particle suspension and the filter surface. In this article, we show how the filter structure affects the DEP separation. We study fixed bed filters of three different grain types and find that the morphology of the grains highly influences the DEP filter efficiency. Specifically, grains with irregular surface structure and high perceived angularity show high separation efficiency. We believe these insights into the design of DEP filtration will pave the way towards its application in, for example, the recovery of valuable materials from electronic waste dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Kepper
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Md Nurul Karim
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Advanced Ceramics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Baune
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Georg R Pesch
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Alkhaiyat AM, Badran M. Numerical Simulation of a Lab-on-Chip for Dielectrophoretic Separation of Circulating Tumor Cells. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1769. [PMID: 37763932 PMCID: PMC10534381 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells detached from tumors that enter the bloodstream with the rest of the blood cells before settling on remote organs and growing. CTCs play a major role as a target for cancer diagnosis. This study aims to propose and simulate a lab-on-chip (LOC) design that separates CTCs from white blood cells (WBCs) and blood platelets (PLTs) using low-voltage dielectrophoretic separation with high efficiency. The proposed design include two stages a passive and an active one cascaded in a compact package. Numerical simulations are performed on the COMSOL Multiphysics® software package to optimize the geometric parameters of the LOC, such as the width and length of the microchannel and the number of electrodes and their arrangements. Moreover, the effects of adjusting the applied voltage values as well as buffer inlet velocity are investigated. The proposed LOC design uses four electrodes at ±2 V to achieve 100% separation efficiency for the three cell types in simulation. The 919 µm × 440 µm LOC has a channel width of 40 µm. The inlet velocities for the blood-carrying cells and buffer are 134 and 850 µm/s, respectively. The proposed LOC can be used for the early detection of CTCs, which can be beneficial in cancer diagnosis and early treatment. In addition, it can be used in cancer prognosis, treatment monitoring and personalizing medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Badran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
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17
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Tahmasebi A, Habibi S, Collins JL, An R, Dehdashti E, Minerick AR. pH Gradients in Spatially Non-Uniform AC Electric Fields around the Charging Frequency; A Study of Two Different Geometries and Electrode Passivation. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1655. [PMID: 37763818 PMCID: PMC10534923 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP), a precision nonlinear electrokinetic tool utilized within microfluidic devices, can induce bioparticle polarization that manifests as motion in the electric field; this phenomenon has been leveraged for phenotypic cellular and biomolecular detection, making DEP invaluable for diagnostic applications. As device operation times lengthen, reproducibility and precision decrease, which has been postulated to be caused by ion gradients within the supporting electrolyte medium. This research focuses on characterizing pH gradients above, at, and below the electrode charging frequency (0.2-1.4 times charging frequency) in an aqueous electrolyte solution in order to extend the parameter space for which microdevice-imposed artifacts on cells in clinical diagnostic devices have been characterized. The nonlinear alternating current (AC) electric fields (0.07 Vpp/μm) required for DEP were generated via planar T-shaped and star-shaped microelectrodes overlaid by a 70 μm high microfluidic chamber. The experiments were designed to quantify pH changes temporally and spatially in the two microelectrode geometries. In parallel, a 50 nm hafnium oxide (HfO2) thin film on the microelectrodes was tested to provide insights into the role of Faradaic surface reactions on the pH. Electric field simulations were conducted to provide insights into the gradient shape within the microelectrode geometries. Frequency dependence was also examined to ascertain ion electromigration effects above, at, and below the electrode charging frequency. The results revealed Faradaic reactions above, at, and below the electrode charging frequency. Comparison experiments further demonstrated that pH changes caused by Faradaic reactions increased inversely with frequency and were more pronounced in the star-shaped geometry. Finally, HfO2 films demonstrated frequency-dependent properties, impeding Faradaic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azade Tahmasebi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Sanaz Habibi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jeana L Collins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Ran An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Esmaeil Dehdashti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Adrienne Robyn Minerick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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18
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Zhou L, Tse TJ, Chicilo F, Meda V, Reaney MJT. Electrostatic field as an emergent technology in refining crude oils: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37552117 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2244080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils and fatty acid esters (FAEs) are commonly used in various industrial and commercial applications. However, the presence of contaminants in these oils can severely affect their functionality and suitability. Conventional refining techniques for vegetable oils typically involve degumming, neutralization, bleaching and deodorization. Meanwhile, refining of FAEs often utilize wet or dry washing processes. These are often resource-intensive, producing substantial waste products, causing neutral oil loss, and can also result in the loss of micronutrients. To address these challenges, researchers have explored the use of nano-adsorbents and electrostatic field (E-field) technologies as alternatives in purifying industrial dielectric oils by removing polar particles and contaminants. Nano-adsorbents demonstrated increased efficiency in removing polar contamination while minimizing neutral oil loss. However, removal of these spent adsorbents can be challenging due to their nano-size, and physicochemical properties. The use of these materials combined with E-field technologies offers a novel and sustainable solution for removing spent nano-adsorbents and contaminants. This review provides an overview of current traditional and novel refining technologies for vegetable oils and FAEs, including their associated limitations. Compared to conventional methods, E-field treatment offers several advantages, making it an attractive alternative to conventional approaches in food processing and oil refining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Timothy J Tse
- Department of Food and Bioproducts Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Farley Chicilo
- Department of Food and Bioproducts Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Venkatesh Meda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Department of Food and Bioproducts Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc, Saskatoon, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Valijam S, Nilsson DPG, Malyshev D, Öberg R, Salehi A, Andersson M. Fabricating a dielectrophoretic microfluidic device using 3D-printed moulds and silver conductive paint. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9560. [PMID: 37308526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis is an electric field-based technique for moving neutral particles through a fluid. When used for particle separation, dielectrophoresis has many advantages compared to other methods, like providing label-free operation with greater control of the separation forces. In this paper, we design, build, and test a low-voltage dielectrophoretic device using a 3D printing approach. This lab-on-a-chip device fits on a microscope glass slide and incorporates microfluidic channels for particle separation. First, we use multiphysics simulations to evaluate the separation efficiency of the prospective device and guide the design process. Second, we fabricate the device in PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) by using 3D-printed moulds that contain patterns of the channels and electrodes. The imprint of the electrodes is then filled with silver conductive paint, making a 9-pole comb electrode. Lastly, we evaluate the separation efficiency of our device by introducing a mixture of 3 μm and 10 μm polystyrene particles and tracking their progression. Our device is able to efficiently separate these particles when the electrodes are energized with ±12 V at 75 kHz. Overall, our method allows the fabrication of cheap and effective dielectrophoretic microfluidic devices using commercial off-the-shelf equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Valijam
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 1631714191, Iran
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Dmitry Malyshev
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Öberg
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salehi
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 1631714191, Iran
| | - Magnus Andersson
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
- Umeå Center for Microbial Research (UCMR), 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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20
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Lomeli-Martin A, Ahamed N, Abhyankar VV, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Electropatterning-Contemporary developments for selective particle arrangements employing electrokinetics. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:884-909. [PMID: 37002779 PMCID: PMC10330388 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The selective positioning and arrangement of distinct types of multiscale particles can be used in numerous applications in microfluidics, including integrated circuits, sensors and biochips. Electrokinetic (EK) techniques offer an extensive range of options for label-free manipulation and patterning of colloidal particles by exploiting the intrinsic electrical properties of the target of interest. EK-based techniques have been widely implemented in many recent studies, and various methodologies and microfluidic device designs have been developed to achieve patterning two- and three-dimensional (3D) patterned structures. This review provides an overview of the progress in electropatterning research during the last 5 years in the microfluidics arena. This article discusses the advances in the electropatterning of colloids, droplets, synthetic particles, cells, and gels. Each subsection analyzes the manipulation of the particles of interest via EK techniques such as electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis. The conclusions summarize recent advances and provide an outlook on the future of electropatterning in various fields of application, especially those with 3D arrangements as their end goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Lomeli-Martin
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Nuzhet Ahamed
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Vinay V. Abhyankar
- Biological Microsystems Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
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21
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Khouzestani A, Hojjat Y, Tavalaee M, Sadeghian H, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Enhancing the Accuracy of Measuring DEP Force Applied on Cells by Considering the Friction Effect. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050540. [PMID: 37232901 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Dielectrophoresis (DEP) phenomenon has been widely used for cell separation in recent years. The experimental measurement of the DEP force is one of the concerns of scientists. This research presents a novel method for more accurately measuring the DEP force. The innovation of this method is considered the friction effect, which has been neglected in previous studies. For this purpose, first, the direction of the microchannel was aligned with the electrodes. As there was no DEP force in this direction, the release force of the cells caused by the fluid flow equaled the friction force between the cells and the substrate. Then, the microchannel was aligned perpendicular to the direction of the electrodes, and the release force was measured. The net DEP force was obtained by the difference between the release forces of these two alignments. In the experimental tests, the DEP force, when applied to the sperm and white blood cell (WBC), was measured. The WBC was used to validate the presented method. The experimental results showed that the forces applied by DEP to WBC and human sperm were 42 pN and 3 pN, respectively. On the other hand, with the conventional method, these figures were as high as 72 pN and 4 pN due to neglecting the friction force. The compression between the simulation results in COMSOL Multiphysics and the experiments determined the new approach to be valid and capable of use in any cell, such as sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khouzestani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - Yousef Hojjat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan 8165131378, Iran
| | - Hesam Sadeghian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan 8165131378, Iran
- Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan 8158858151, Iran
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22
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di Toma A, Brunetti G, Chiriacò MS, Ferrara F, Ciminelli C. A Novel Hybrid Platform for Live/Dead Bacteria Accurate Sorting by On-Chip DEP Device. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087077. [PMID: 37108235 PMCID: PMC10139405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) forecasts, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) will be the leading cause of death worldwide in the next decades. To prevent this phenomenon, rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) techniques are required to drive the selection of the most suitable antibiotic and its dosage. In this context, we propose an on-chip platform, based on a micromixer and a microfluidic channel, combined with a pattern of engineered electrodes to exploit the di-electrophoresis (DEP) effect. The role of the micromixer is to ensure the proper interaction of the antibiotic with the bacteria over a long time (≈1 h), and the DEP-based microfluidic channel enables the efficient sorting of live from dead bacteria. A sorting efficiency of more than 98%, with low power consumption (Vpp = 1 V) and time response of 5 s, within a chip footprint of ≈86 mm2, has been calculated, which makes the proposed system very attractive and innovative for efficient and rapid monitoring of the antimicrobial susceptibility at the single-bacterium level in next-generation medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita di Toma
- Optoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 6, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Brunetti
- Optoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 6, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Ferrara
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Caterina Ciminelli
- Optoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 6, 70125 Bari, Italy
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23
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Sharbati P, Sadaghiani AK, Koşar A. New Generation Dielectrophoretic-Based Microfluidic Device for Multi-Type Cell Separation. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040418. [PMID: 37185493 PMCID: PMC10135750 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a new generation of dielectrophoretic-based microfluidic device for the precise separation of multiple particle/cell types. The device features two sets of 3D electrodes, namely cylindrical and sidewall electrodes. The main channel of the device terminates with three outlets: one in the middle for particles that sense negative dielectrophoresis force and two others at the right and left sides for particles that sense positive dielectrophoresis force. To evaluate the device performance, we used red blood cells (RBCs), T-cells, U937-MC cells, and Clostridium difficile bacteria as our test subjects. Our results demonstrate that the proposed microfluidic device could accurately separate bioparticles in two steps, with sidewall electrodes of 200 µm proving optimal for efficient separation. Applying different voltages for each separation step, we found that the device performed most effectively at 6 Vp-p applied to the 3D electrodes, and at 20 Vp-p and 11 Vp-p applied to the sidewall electrodes for separating RBCs from bacteria and T-cells from U937-MC cells, respectively. Notably, the device's maximum electric fields remained below the cell electroporation threshold, and we achieved a separation efficiency of 95.5% for multi-type particle separation. Our findings proved the device's capacity for separating multiple particle types with high accuracy, without limitation for particle variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Sharbati
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Applications Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Abdolali K Sadaghiani
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Applications Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Applications Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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24
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Kim HJ, Kim H, Park D, Yoon DS, San Lee J, Hwang KS. Plasma-based diagnostic and screening platform using a combination of biosensing signals in Alzheimer's disease. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 230:115246. [PMID: 37003061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Using biosensor to screen for Alzheimer's disease (AD) facilitates early detection of AD with high sensitivity and accuracy. This approach overcomes the limitations of conventional AD diagnostic methods, such as neuropsychological assessment and neuroimaging analysis. Here, we propose a simultaneous analysis of signal combinations generated by four crucial AD biomarkers (Amyloid beta 1-40 (Aβ40), Aβ42, total tau 441 (tTau441), and phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau181)) by inducing a dielectrophoretic (DEP) force on fabricated interdigitated microelectrode (IME) sensor. By applying an optimal DEP force, our biosensor selectively concentrates and filters the plasma-based AD biomarkers, exhibiting high sensitivity (limit of detection <100 fM) and selectivity in the plasma-based AD biomarkers detection (p < 0.0001). Consequently, it is demonstrated that a complex combined signal comprising four AD-specific biomarker signals (Aβ40- Aβ42+ tTau441- pTau181) can differentiate between patients with AD and healthy subjects with high accuracy (78.85%) and precision (80.95%) (p < 0.0001).
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25
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Deivasigamani R, Mohd Maidin NN, Abdul Nasir NS, Abdulhameed A, Ahmad Kayani AB, Mohamed MA, Buyong MR. A correlation of conductivity medium and bioparticle viability on dielectrophoresis-based biomedical applications. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:573-620. [PMID: 36604943 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) bioparticle research has progressed from micro to nano levels. It has proven to be a promising and powerful cell manipulation method with an accurate, quick, inexpensive, and label-free technique for therapeutic purposes. DEP, an electrokinetic phenomenon, induces particle movement as a result of polarization effects in a nonuniform electrical field. This review focuses on current research in the biomedical field that demonstrates a practical approach to DEP in terms of cell separation, trapping, discrimination, and enrichment under the influence of the conductive medium in correlation with bioparticle viability. The current review aims to provide readers with an in-depth knowledge of the fundamental theory and principles of the DEP technique, which is influenced by conductive medium and to identify and demonstrate the biomedical application areas. The high conductivity of physiological fluids presents obstacles and opportunities, followed by bioparticle viability in an electric field elaborated in detail. Finally, the drawbacks of DEP-based systems and the outlook for the future are addressed. This article will aid in advancing technology by bridging the gap between bioscience and engineering. We hope the insights presented in this review will improve cell suspension medium and promote DEP-viable bioparticle manipulation for health-care diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Deivasigamani
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nasyifa Mohd Maidin
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Shahira Abdul Nasir
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Aminuddin Bin Ahmad Kayani
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,ARC Research Hub for Connected Sensors for Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohd Ambri Mohamed
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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26
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Weber MU, Petkowski JJ, Weber RE, Krajnik B, Stemplewski S, Panek M, Dziubak T, Mrozinska P, Piela A, Lo SL, Montanaro Ochoa HF, Yerino CD. Chip for dielectrophoretic microbial capture, separation and detection I: theoretical basis of electrode design. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:135502. [PMID: 36571849 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acae5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We model the dielectrophoretic response ofE. colibacterial cells and red blood cells, upon exposure to an electric field. We model the separation, capture, and release mechanisms under flow conditions in a microfluidic channel and show under which conditions efficient separation of different cell types occurs. The modelling work is aimed to guide the separation electrode architecture and design for experimental validation of the model. The dielectrophoretic force is affected both by the geometry of the electrodes (the gradient of the electric field), the Re{CM(ω)} factor, and the permittivity of the medium ϵm. Our modelling makes testable predictions and shows that designing the electrode structure to ensure structure periodicity with spacing between consecutive traps smaller than the length of the depletion zone ensures efficient capture and separation. Such electrode system has higher capture and separation efficiency than systems with the established circular electrode architecture. The simulated, modelled microfluidic design allows for the separated bacteria, concentrated by dedicated dielectrophoretic regions, to be subsequently detected using label-free functionalized nanowire sensors. The experimental validation of the modelling work presented here and the validation of the theoretical design constraints of the chip electrode architecture is presented in the companion paper in the same issue (Weber MUet al2022 Chip for dielectrophoretic Microbial Capture, Separation and Detection II: Experimental Study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika U Weber
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, Yale University, 15 Prospect St., 06520 New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Robert E Weber
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartosz Krajnik
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. S. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Stemplewski
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
- Institute of Computer Science, Opole University, ul. Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Marta Panek
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dziubak
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Mrozinska
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Piela
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Siu Lung Lo
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, Yale University, 15 Prospect St., 06520 New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Hazael F Montanaro Ochoa
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, Yale University, 15 Prospect St., 06520 New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Laboratory for Acoustics and Noise control, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christopher D Yerino
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, Yale University, 15 Prospect St., 06520 New Haven, CT, United States of America
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Giesler J, Weirauch L, Thöming J, Baune M, Pesch GR. High-throughput dielectrophoretic separator based on printed circuit boards. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:72-81. [PMID: 35968886 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The separation of particles with respect to their intrinsic properties is an ongoing task in various fields such as biotechnology and recycling of electronic waste. Especially for small particles in the lower micrometer or nanometer range, separation techniques are a field of current research since many existing approaches lack either throughput or selectivity. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a technique that can address multiple particle properties, making it a potential candidate to solve challenging separation tasks. Currently, DEP is mostly used in microfluidic separators and thus limited in throughput. Additionally, DEP setups often require expensive components, such as electrode arrays fabricated in the clean room. Here, we present and characterize a separator based on two inexpensive custom-designed printed circuit boards (80 × 120 mm board size). The boards consist of interdigitated electrode arrays with 250 μ $250\ \umu$ m electrode width and spacing. We demonstrate the separation capabilities using polystyrene particles ranging from 500 nm to 6 μ $6\ \umu$ m in monodisperse experiments. Further, we demonstrate selective trapping at flow rates up to 240 ml/h in the presented device for a binary mixture. Our experiments demonstrate an affordable way to increase throughput in electrode-based DEP separators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Giesler
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Laura Weirauch
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Baune
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Georg R Pesch
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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28
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Naumova O, Generalov V, Shcherbakov D, Zaitseva E, Zhivodkov Y, Kozhukhov A, Latyshev A, Aseev A, Safatov A, Buryak G, Cheremiskina A, Merkuleva J, Rudometova N. SOI-FET Sensors with Dielectrophoretic Concentration of Viruses and Proteins. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:992. [PMID: 36354501 PMCID: PMC9688205 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quick label-free virus screening and highly sensitive analytical tools/techniques are becoming extremely important in a pandemic. In this study, we developed a biosensing device based on the silicon nanoribbon multichannel and dielectrophoretic controlled sensors functionalized with SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies for the use as a platform for the detection and studding of properties of viruses and their protein components. Replicatively defective viral particles based on vesicular stomatitis viruses and HIV-1 were used as carrier molecules to deliver the target SARS-CoV-2 spike S-proteins to sensory elements. It was shown that fully CMOS-compatible nanoribbon sensors have the subattomolar sensitivity and dynamic range of 4 orders. Specific interaction between S-proteins and antibodies leads to the accumulation of the negative charge on the sensor surface. Nonspecific interactions of the viral particles lead to the positive charge accumulation. It was shown that dielectrophoretic controlled sensors allow to estimate the effective charge of the single virus at the sensor surface and separate it from the charge associated with the binding of target proteins with the sensor surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Naumova
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Generalov
- Federal State Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
- Faculty of Automation and Computer Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Shcherbakov
- Federal State Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Elza Zaitseva
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuriy Zhivodkov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anton Kozhukhov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Latyshev
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Aseev
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Safatov
- Federal State Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Galina Buryak
- Federal State Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Anastasia Cheremiskina
- Federal State Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Julia Merkuleva
- Federal State Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Rudometova
- Federal State Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
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29
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Prüfer M, Wenger C, Bier FF, Laux EM, Hölzel R. Activity of AC electrokinetically immobilized horseradish peroxidase. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1920-1933. [PMID: 35904497 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an AC electrokinetic effect mainly used to manipulate cells. Smaller particles, like virions, antibodies, enzymes, and even dye molecules can be immobilized by DEP as well. In principle, it was shown that enzymes are active after immobilization by DEP, but no quantification of the retained activity was reported so far. In this study, the activity of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is quantified after immobilization by DEP. For this, HRP is immobilized on regular arrays of titanium nitride ring electrodes of 500 nm diameter and 20 nm widths. The activity of HRP on the electrode chip is measured with a limit of detection of 60 fg HRP by observing the enzymatic turnover of Amplex Red and H2 O2 to fluorescent resorufin by fluorescence microscopy. The initial activity of the permanently immobilized HRP equals up to 45% of the activity that can be expected for an ideal monolayer of HRP molecules on all electrodes of the array. Localization of the immobilizate on the electrodes is accomplished by staining with the fluorescent product of the enzyme reaction. The high residual activity of enzymes after AC field induced immobilization shows the method's suitability for biosensing and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Prüfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christian Wenger
- IHP GmbH - Leibniz Institute for Innovative Microelectronics, Frankfurt/Oder, Germany
| | - Frank F Bier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Laux
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Hölzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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30
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Deivasigamani R, Maidin NNM, Nasir NSA, Low MX, Kayani ABA, Mohamed MA, Buyong MR. A dielectrophoresis proof of concept of polystyrene particles and
in‐vitro
human epidermal keratinocytes migration for wound rejuvenation. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Deivasigamani
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Bangi Malaysia
| | - Nur Nasyifa Mohd Maidin
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Bangi Malaysia
| | - Nur Shahira Abdul Nasir
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Bangi Malaysia
| | - Mei Xian Low
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility RMIT University Melbourne Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Connected Sensors for Health RMIT University Melbourne Australia
| | - Aminuddin Bin Ahmad Kayani
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility RMIT University Melbourne Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Connected Sensors for Health RMIT University Melbourne Australia
| | - Mohd Ambri Mohamed
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Bangi Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Bangi Malaysia
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31
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Nasir NSA, Deivasigamani R, Wee MFMR, Hamzah AA, Zaid MHM, Rahim MKA, Kayani AA, Abdulhameed A, Buyong MR. Protein Albumin Manipulation and Electrical Quantification of Molecular Dielectrophoresis Responses for Biomedical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081308. [PMID: 36014230 PMCID: PMC9415755 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Research relating to dielectrophoresis (DEP) has been progressing rapidly through time as it is a strong and controllable technique for manipulation, separation, preconcentration, and partitioning of protein. Extensive studies have been carried out on protein DEP, especially on Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). However, these studies involve the usage of dye and fluorescent probes to observe DEP responses as the physical properties of protein albumin molecular structure are translucent. The use of dye and the fluorescent probe could later affect the protein's physiology. In this article, we review three methods of electrical quantification of DEP responses: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and capacitance measurement for protein BSA DEP manipulation. The correlation of these methods with DEP responses is further discussed. Based on the observations on capacitance measurement, it can be deduced that the electrical quantifying method is reliable for identifying DEP responses. Further, the possibility of manipulating the protein and electrically quantifying DEP responses while retaining the original physiology of the protein and without the usage of dye or fluorescent probe is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Shahira Abdul Nasir
- Institute of Microengineering & Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Revathy Deivasigamani
- Institute of Microengineering & Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. F. Mohd Razip Wee
- Institute of Microengineering & Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering & Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hazani Mat Zaid
- Institute of Microengineering & Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Aminuddin Ahmad Kayani
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Abdullah Abdulhameed
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Petroleum, Hadhramout University, Al-Mukalla 50512, Hadhramout, Yemen
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering & Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-12-385-2713
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32
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Liu B, Xia Q, Zhao Y, Gao G. Dielectrophoresis-Based Universal Membrane Antifouling Strategy toward Colloidal Foulants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10997-11005. [PMID: 35860842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling compromises the benefits of membrane technology, leading to its performance deterioration and incremental cost. Coupling with an electric field has been attractive but is limited by the electrical dependence of the electrophoresis (EP) mechanism and undesired faradic reactions. This study reports a universal dielectrophoresis-based (DEP) membrane antifouling strategy for electronegative, electropositive, and neutral colloidal foulants, which depends on the particle polarizability rather than its charge. The porous Ni@PVDF model electroconductive membrane was fabricated to construct a nonuniform electric field inducing DEP, while applying a low voltage avoided side electrochemical reactions. For electronegative SiO2(-) and electropositive Al2O3(+) particles with a lower relative permittivity than the medium water (78), the membrane permeability all remarkably increased by 90.1% under AC/DC (±1.0 V) fields. By contrast, serious membrane fouling occurred for the BaTiO3 colloids with a higher relative permittivity (∼2000). Notably, the permittivity of nearly all colloids in wastewater treatment is much less than that of water, which makes the dielectrophoresis-based antifouling strategy universal. The theoretical simulation systematically analyzed the forces on particles including DEP, EP, and others, indicating that the formed protected area on the membrane pore wall by DEP forces prevented the irreversible membrane blockage of colloids and facilitated loose cake layer formation for alleviating membrane fouling. In brief, this work reported a hopeful concept for dielectrophoresis-based membrane antifouling and verified its antifouling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiancheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guandao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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33
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Martinez-Duarte R, Mager D, Korvink JG, Islam M. Evaluating carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis under the ASSURED criteria. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:922737. [PMID: 35958120 PMCID: PMC9360481 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.922737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme point-of-care refers to medical testing in unfavorable conditions characterized by a lack of primary resources or infrastructure. As witnessed in the recent past, considerable interest in developing devices and technologies exists for extreme point-of-care applications, for which the World Health Organization has introduced a set of encouraging and regulating guidelines. These are referred to as the ASSURED criteria, an acronym for Affordable (A), Sensitive (S), Specific (S), User friendly (U), Rapid and Robust (R), Equipment-free (E), and Delivered (D). However, the current extreme point of care devices may require an intermediate sample preparation step for performing complex biomedical analysis, including the diagnosis of rare-cell diseases and early-stage detection of sepsis. This article assesses the potential of carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis (CarbonDEP) for sample preparation competent in extreme point-of-care, following the ASSURED criteria. We first discuss the theory and utility of dielectrophoresis (DEP) and the advantages of using carbon microelectrodes for this purpose. We then critically review the literature relevant to the use of CarbonDEP for bioparticle manipulation under the scope of the ASSURED criteria. Lastly, we offer a perspective on the roadmap needed to strengthen the use of CarbonDEP in extreme point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
| | - Dario Mager
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jan G. Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Jan G. Korvink
| | - Monsur Islam
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Monsur Islam
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Ajala S, Muraleedharan Jalajamony H, Nair M, Marimuthu P, Fernandez RE. Comparing machine learning and deep learning regression frameworks for accurate prediction of dielectrophoretic force. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11971. [PMID: 35831342 PMCID: PMC9279499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An intelligent sensing framework using Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) architectures to precisely quantify dielectrophoretic force invoked on microparticles in a textile electrode-based DEP sensing device is reported. The prediction accuracy and generalization ability of the framework was validated using experimental results. Images of pearl chain alignment at varying input voltages were used to build deep regression models using modified ML and CNN architectures that can correlate pearl chain alignment patterns of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(yeast) cells and polystyrene microbeads to DEP force. Various ML models such as K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Neural Networks, and Linear Regression along with DL models such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures of AlexNet, ResNet-50, MobileNetV2, and GoogLeNet have been analyzed in order to build an effective regression framework to estimate the force induced on yeast cells and microbeads. The efficiencies of the models were evaluated using Mean Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Relative, Mean Squared Error, R-squared, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as evaluation metrics. ResNet-50 with RMSPROP gave the best performance, with a validation RMSE of 0.0918 on yeast cells while AlexNet with ADAM optimizer gave the best performance, with a validation RMSE of 0.1745 on microbeads. This provides a baseline for further studies in the application of deep learning in DEP aided Lab-on-Chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Ajala
- Department of Engineering, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, USA
| | | | - Midhun Nair
- APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Pradeep Marimuthu
- Rajeev Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, Puducherry, India
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Farasat M, Aalaei E, Kheirati Ronizi S, Bakhshi A, Mirhosseini S, Zhang J, Nguyen NT, Kashaninejad N. Signal-Based Methods in Dielectrophoresis for Cell and Particle Separation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:510. [PMID: 35884313 PMCID: PMC9313092 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Separation and detection of cells and particles in a suspension are essential for various applications, including biomedical investigations and clinical diagnostics. Microfluidics realizes the miniaturization of analytical devices by controlling the motion of a small volume of fluids in microchannels and microchambers. Accordingly, microfluidic devices have been widely used in particle/cell manipulation processes. Different microfluidic methods for particle separation include dielectrophoretic, magnetic, optical, acoustic, hydrodynamic, and chemical techniques. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a method for manipulating polarizable particles' trajectories in non-uniform electric fields using unique dielectric characteristics. It provides several advantages for dealing with neutral bioparticles owing to its sensitivity, selectivity, and noninvasive nature. This review provides a detailed study on the signal-based DEP methods that use the applied signal parameters, including frequency, amplitude, phase, and shape for cell/particle separation and manipulation. Rather than employing complex channels or time-consuming fabrication procedures, these methods realize sorting and detecting the cells/particles by modifying the signal parameters while using a relatively simple device. In addition, these methods can significantly impact clinical diagnostics by making low-cost and rapid separation possible. We conclude the review by discussing the technical and biological challenges of DEP techniques and providing future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Farasat
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran 14399-57131, Iran; (M.F.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Ehsan Aalaei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71936-16548, Iran; (E.A.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Saeed Kheirati Ronizi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71936-16548, Iran; (E.A.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Atin Bakhshi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran 14399-57131, Iran; (M.F.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Shaghayegh Mirhosseini
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran 14399-57131, Iran; (M.F.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.Z.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.Z.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.Z.); (N.-T.N.)
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Çağlayan Arslan Z, Demircan Yalçın Y, Külah H. Label-free enrichment of MCF7 breast cancer cells from leukocytes using continuous flow dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1531-1544. [PMID: 35318696 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) present in the bloodstream are strongly linked to the invasive behavior of cancer; therefore, their detection holds great significance for monitoring disease progression. Currently available CTC isolation tools are often based on tumor-specific antigen or cell size approaches. However, these techniques are limited due to the lack of a unique and universal marker for CTCs, and the overlapping size between CTCs and regular blood cells. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), governed by the intrinsic dielectric properties of the particles, is a promising marker-free, accurate, fast, and low-cost technique that enables the isolation of CTCs from blood cells. This study presents a continuous flow, antibody-free DEP-based microfluidic device to concentrate MCF7 breast cancer cells, a well-established CTC model, in the presence of leukocytes extracted from human blood samples. The enrichment strategy was determined according to the DEP responses of the corresponding cells, obtained in our previously reported DEP spectrum study. It was based on the positive-DEP integrated with hydrodynamic focusing under continuous flow. In the proposed device, the parylene microchannel with two inlets and outlets was built on top of rectangular and equally spaced isolated planar electrodes rotated certain degree relative to the main flow (13°). The recovery of MCF7 cells mixed with leukocytes was 74%-98% at a frequency of 1 MHz and a magnitude of 10-12 Vpp . Overall, the results revealed that the presented system successfully concentrates MCF7 cancer cells from leukocytes, ultimately verifying our DEP spectrum study, in which the enrichment frequency and separation strategy of the microfluidic system were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Çağlayan Arslan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey.,METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Demircan Yalçın
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Külah
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey.,METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey
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Nanogap Electrode-Enabled Versatile Electrokinetic Manipulation of Nanometric Species in Fluids. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070451. [PMID: 35884255 PMCID: PMC9313323 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive manipulation of nanoscopic species in liquids has attracted considerable attention due to its potential applications in diverse fields. Many sophisticated methodologies have been developed to control and study nanoscopic entities, but the low-power, cost-effective, and versatile manipulation of nanometer-sized objects in liquids remains challenging. Here, we present a dielectrophoretic (DEP) manipulation technique based on nanogap electrodes, with which the on-demand capturing, enriching, and sorting of nano-objects in microfluidic systems can be achieved. The dielectrophoretic control unit consists of a pair of swelling-induced nanogap electrodes crossing a microchannel, generating a steep electric field gradient and thus strong DEP force for the effective manipulation of nano-objects microfluidics. The trapping, enriching, and sorting of nanoparticles and DNAs were performed with this device to demonstrate its potential applications in micro/nanofluidics, which opens an alternative avenue for the non-invasive manipulation and characterization of nanoparticles such as DNA, proteins, and viruses.
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38
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Luna R, Heineck DP, Bucher E, Heiser L, Ibsen SD. Theoretical and experimental analysis of negative dielectrophoresis‐induced particle trajectories. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1366-1377. [PMID: 35377504 PMCID: PMC9325439 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many biomedical analysis applications require trapping and manipulating single cells and cell clusters within microfluidic devices. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a label‐free technique that can achieve flexible cell trapping, without physical barriers, using electric field gradients created in the device by an electrode microarray. Little is known about how fluid flow forces created by the electrodes, such as thermally driven convection and electroosmosis, affect DEP‐based cell capture under high conductance media conditions that simulate physiologically relevant fluids such as blood or plasma. Here, we compare theoretical trajectories of particles under the influence of negative DEP (nDEP) with observed trajectories of real particles in a high conductance buffer. We used 10‐µm diameter polystyrene beads as model cells and tracked their trajectories in the DEP microfluidic chip. The theoretical nDEP trajectories were in close agreement with the observed particle behavior. This agreement indicates that the movement of the particles was highly dominated by the DEP force and that contributions from thermal‐ and electroosmotic‐driven flows were negligible under these experimental conditions. The analysis protocol developed here offers a strategy that can be applied to future studies with different applied voltages, frequencies, conductivities, and polarization properties of the targeted particles and surrounding medium. These findings motivate further DEP device development to manipulate particle trajectories for trapping applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Luna
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Oregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Daniel P. Heineck
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Elmar Bucher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Oregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Laura Heiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Oregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Stuart D. Ibsen
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Oregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon USA
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39
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Electrified lab on disc systems: A comprehensive review on electrokinetic applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Karcz A, Van Soom A, Smits K, Verplancke R, Van Vlierberghe S, Vanfleteren J. Electrically-driven handling of gametes and embryos: taking a step towards the future of ARTs. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1852-1875. [PMID: 35510672 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of gametes and embryos and on-chip manipulation of microdroplets of culture medium serve as promising tools for assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Thus far, dielectrophoresis (DEP), electrorotation (ER) and electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) proved compatible with most laboratory procedures offered by ARTs. Positioning, entrapment and selection of reproductive cells can be achieved with DEP and ER, while EWOD provides the dynamic microenvironment of a developing embryo to better mimic the functions of the oviduct. Furthermore, these techniques are applicable for the assessment of the developmental competence of a mammalian embryo in vitro. Such research paves the way towards the amelioration and full automation of the assisted reproduction methods. This article aims to provide a summary on the recent developments regarding electrically stimulated lab-on-chip devices and their application for the manipulation of gametes and embryos in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Karcz
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), Imec and Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium.
- Reproductive Biology Unit (RBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133 D4 entrance 4, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Reproductive Biology Unit (RBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133 D4 entrance 4, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katrien Smits
- Reproductive Biology Unit (RBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133 D4 entrance 4, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Rik Verplancke
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), Imec and Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, building S4, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Vanfleteren
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), Imec and Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium.
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41
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Yeo KI, Park I, Lee SH, Lee SY, Chang WJ, Bashir R, Choi S, Lee SW. Ultra-sensitive dielectrophoretic surface charge multiplex detection inside a micro-dielectrophoretic device. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 210:114235. [PMID: 35483112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Label-free dielectrophoretic force-based surface charge detection has shown great potential for highly sensitive and selective sensing of metal ions and small biomolecules. However, this method suffers from a complex calibration process and measurement signal interference in simultaneous multi-analyte detection, thus creating difficulties in multiplex detection. We have developed a method to overcome these issues based on the optical discrimination of the dielectrophoretic behaviors of multiple microparticle probes considering the surface charge difference before and after self-assembling conjugation. In this report, we demonstrate and characterize this dielectrophoretic force-based surface charge detection method with particle probes functionalized by various biomolecules. This technique achieved an attomolar limit of detection (LOD) for Hg2+ in distilled water and a femtomolar LOD in drinking water using DNA aptamer-functionalized particle probes. More importantly, using two different DNA aptamer-functionalized particle probes for Hg2+ and Ag+, label-free dielectrophoretic multiplex detection of these species in drinking water with a femtomolar and a nanomolar LOD was achieved for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang In Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Park
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Chang
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Seungyeop Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
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Bhat MP, Thendral V, Uthappa UT, Lee KH, Kigga M, Altalhi T, Kurkuri MD, Kant K. Recent Advances in Microfluidic Platform for Physical and Immunological Detection and Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:220. [PMID: 35448280 PMCID: PMC9025399 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CTCs (circulating tumor cells) are well-known for their use in clinical trials for tumor diagnosis. Capturing and isolating these CTCs from whole blood samples has enormous benefits in cancer diagnosis and treatment. In general, various approaches are being used to separate malignant cells, including immunomagnets, macroscale filters, centrifuges, dielectrophoresis, and immunological approaches. These procedures, on the other hand, are time-consuming and necessitate multiple high-level operational protocols. In addition, considering their low efficiency and throughput, the processes of capturing and isolating CTCs face tremendous challenges. Meanwhile, recent advances in microfluidic devices promise unprecedented advantages for capturing and isolating CTCs with greater efficiency, sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy. In this regard, this review article focuses primarily on the various fabrication methodologies involved in microfluidic devices and techniques specifically used to capture and isolate CTCs using various physical and biological methods as well as their conceptual ideas, advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Padmalaya Bhat
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India; (M.P.B.); (V.T.); (M.K.)
- Agricultural Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Venkatachalam Thendral
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India; (M.P.B.); (V.T.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Kyeong-Hwan Lee
- Agricultural Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Madhuprasad Kigga
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India; (M.P.B.); (V.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Tariq Altalhi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahaveer D. Kurkuri
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India; (M.P.B.); (V.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Krishna Kant
- Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario, CINBIO Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Naumova OV, Zaytseva EG. Analysis of Electric Field Distribution for SOI-FET Sensors with Dielectrophoretic Control. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072460. [PMID: 35408075 PMCID: PMC9003046 DOI: 10.3390/s22072460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowire or nanoribbon field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors are versatile platforms of electronic detectors for the real-time, label-free, and highly sensitive detection of a wide range of bioparticles. At a low analyte concentration in samples, the target particle diffusion transport to sensor elements is one of the main limitations in their detection. The dielectrophoretic (DEP) manipulation of bioparticles is one of the most successful techniques to overcome this limitation. In this study, TCAD modeling was used to analyze the distribution of the gradient of the electric fields E for the SOI-FET sensors with embedded DEP electrodes to optimize the conditions of the dielectrophoretic delivery of the analyte. Cases with asymmetrical and symmetrical rectangular electrodes with different heights, widths, and distances to the sensor, and with different sensor operation modes were considered. The results showed that the grad E2 factor, which determines the DEP force and affects the bioparticle movement, strongly depended on the position of the DEP electrodes and the sensor operation point. The sensor operation point allows one to change the bioparticle movement direction and, as a result, change the efficiency of the delivery of the target particles to the sensor.
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Dehghanghadikolaei A, Shahbaznezhad M, Abdul Halim B, Sojoudi H. Contactless Method of Emulsion Formation Using Corona Discharge. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7045-7056. [PMID: 35252695 PMCID: PMC8892634 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electroemulsification methods use electrohydrodynamic (EHD) forces to manipulate fluids and droplets for emulsion formation. Here, a top-down method is presented using a contactless corona discharge for simultaneous emulsion formation and its pumping/collection. The corona discharge forms using a sharp conductive electrode connected to a high-voltage source that ionizes water vapor droplets (formed by a humidifier) and creates an ionic wind (electroconvection), dragging them into an oil medium. The nonuniform electric field induced by the corona discharge also drives the motion of the oil medium via an EHD pumping effect utilizing a modulated bottom electrode geometry. By these two effects, this contactless method enables the immersion of the water droplets into the moving oil medium, continuously forming a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. The impact of corona discharge voltage, vertical and horizontal distances between the two electrodes, and depth of the silicone oil on sizes of the formed emulsions is studied. This is a low-cost and contactless process enabling the continuous formation of the W/O emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Dehghanghadikolaei
- Department of Mechanical,
Industrial, and Manufacturing, The University
of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43615, United States
| | - Mohcen Shahbaznezhad
- Department of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43615, United States
| | - Bilal Abdul Halim
- Department of Mechanical,
Industrial, and Manufacturing, The University
of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43615, United States
| | - Hossein Sojoudi
- Department of Mechanical,
Industrial, and Manufacturing, The University
of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43615, United States
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Cha H, Fallahi H, Dai Y, Yuan D, An H, Nguyen NT, Zhang J. Multiphysics microfluidics for cell manipulation and separation: a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:423-444. [PMID: 35048916 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00869b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiphysics microfluidics, which combines multiple functional physical processes in a microfluidics platform, is an emerging research area that has attracted increasing interest for diverse biomedical applications. Multiphysics microfluidics is expected to overcome the limitations of individual physical phenomena through combining their advantages. Furthermore, multiphysics microfluidics is superior for cell manipulation due to its high precision, better sensitivity, real-time tunability, and multi-target sorting capabilities. These exciting features motivate us to review this state-of-the-art field and reassess the feasibility of coupling multiple physical processes. To confine the scope of this paper, we mainly focus on five common forces in microfluidics: inertial lift, elastic, dielectrophoresis (DEP), magnetophoresis (MP), and acoustic forces. This review first explains the working mechanisms of single physical phenomena. Next, we classify multiphysics techniques in terms of cascaded connections and physical coupling, and we elaborate on combinations of designs and working mechanisms in systems reported in the literature to date. Finally, we discuss the possibility of combining multiple physical processes and associated design schemes and propose several promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Cha
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Hedieh Fallahi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Yuchen Dai
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Dan Yuan
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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46
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Dong Z, Wang Y, Yin D, Hang X, Pu L, Zhang J, Geng J, Chang L. Advanced techniques for gene heterogeneity research: Single‐cell sequencing and on‐chip gene analysis systems. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zaizai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu China
| | - Dedong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Xinxin Hang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Lei Pu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu China
| | - Jianfu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu China
| | - Jia Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu China
| | - Lingqian Chang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
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Deep-Learning Based Estimation of Dielectrophoretic Force. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:mi13010041. [PMID: 35056207 PMCID: PMC8779967 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to accurately quantify dielectrophoretic (DEP) force is critical in the development of high-efficiency microfluidic systems. This is the first reported work that combines a textile electrode-based DEP sensing system with deep learning in order to estimate the DEP forces invoked on microparticles. We demonstrate how our deep learning model can process micrographs of pearl chains of polystyrene (PS) microbeads to estimate the DEP forces experienced. Numerous images obtained from our experiments at varying input voltages were preprocessed and used to train three deep convolutional neural networks, namely AlexNet, MobileNetV2, and VGG19. The performances of all the models was tested for their validation accuracies. Models were also tested with adversarial images to evaluate performance in terms of classification accuracy and resilience as a result of noise, image blur, and contrast changes. The results indicated that our method is robust under unfavorable real-world settings, demonstrating that it can be used for the direct estimation of dielectrophoretic force in point-of-care settings.
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Hassanpour Tamrin S, Sanati Nezhad A, Sen A. Label-Free Isolation of Exosomes Using Microfluidic Technologies. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17047-17079. [PMID: 34723478 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived structures packaged with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. They exist in diverse bodily fluids and are involved in physiological and pathological processes. Although their potential for clinical application as diagnostic and therapeutic tools has been revealed, a huge bottleneck impeding the development of applications in the rapidly burgeoning field of exosome research is an inability to efficiently isolate pure exosomes from other unwanted components present in bodily fluids. To date, several approaches have been proposed and investigated for exosome separation, with the leading candidate being microfluidic technology due to its relative simplicity, cost-effectiveness, precise and fast processing at the microscale, and amenability to automation. Notably, avoiding the need for exosome labeling represents a significant advance in terms of process simplicity, time, and cost as well as protecting the biological activities of exosomes. Despite the exciting progress in microfluidic strategies for exosome isolation and the countless benefits of label-free approaches for clinical applications, current microfluidic platforms for isolation of exosomes are still facing a series of problems and challenges that prevent their use for clinical sample processing. This review focuses on the recent microfluidic platforms developed for label-free isolation of exosomes including those based on sieving, deterministic lateral displacement, field flow, and pinched flow fractionation as well as viscoelastic, acoustic, inertial, electrical, and centrifugal forces. Further, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of these strategies with highlights of current challenges and outlook of label-free microfluidics toward the clinical utility of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hassanpour Tamrin
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, CCIT 125, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amir Sanati Nezhad
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, CCIT 125, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Arindom Sen
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Vaghef-Koodehi A, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Microscale electrokinetic-based analysis of intact cells and viruses. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:263-287. [PMID: 34796523 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized electrokinetic methods have proven to be robust platforms for the analysis and assessment of intact microorganisms, offering short response times and higher integration than their bench-scale counterparts. The present review article discusses three types of electrokinetic-based methodologies: electromigration or motion-based techniques, electrode-based electrokinetics, and insulator-based electrokinetics. The fundamentals of each type of methodology are discussed and relevant examples from recent reports are examined, to provide the reader with an overview of the state-of-the-art on the latest advancements on the analysis of intact cells and viruses with microscale electrokinetic techniques. The concluding remarks discuss the potential applications and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaleh Vaghef-Koodehi
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
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Fluid-Screen as a real time dielectrophoretic method for universal microbial capture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22222. [PMID: 34782647 PMCID: PMC8594773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial culture methods, e.g. Plate Counting Method (PCM), are a gold standard in the assessment of microbial contamination in multitude of human industries. They are however slow, labor intensive, and prone to manual errors. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has shown great promise for particle separation for decades; however, it has not yet been widely applied in routine laboratory setting. This paper provides an overview of a new DEP microbial capture and separation method called Fluid-Screen (FS), that achieves very fast, efficient, reliable and repeatable capture and separation of microbial cells. Method verification experiments demonstrated that the FS system captured 100% of bacteria in test samples, a capture efficiency much higher than previously reported for similar technology. Data generated supports the superiority of the FS method as compared to the established Plate Counting Method (PCM), that is routinely used to detect bacterial contamination in healthcare, pharmacological and food industries. We demonstrate that the FS method is universal and can capture and separate different species of bacteria and fungi to viruses, from various sample matrices (i.e. human red blood cells, mammalian cells).
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