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Forzani L, Mendez CG, Urteaga R, Huespe AE. Porous silicon opto-acoustic detector for ternary gas mixture. ULTRASONICS 2023; 135:107114. [PMID: 37517345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of porous phoxonic crystals with coupled optical and acoustic response has been proposed as a sensing device. Due to the porous nature of the crystal, each layer of the structure can be connected to the environment. As the optical and acoustic performances of the phoxonic crystal change when a gas permeates the pores due to modifications of the effective refractive index and density of the system, it results that these structures are suitable platforms for the detection of gases. The sensor designed following these premises can detect the composition of ternary gas mixtures through optical measurements, while an acoustic wave induces a structural oscillation. The amplified acoustic wave produces a mechanical deformation of the crystal layers that is maximized in the center a resonant microcavity. Therefore, under such experimental conditions, the sensitivity of the optical response is not only due to the optical property changes caused by the gas mixture in contact with the porous structure but also to changes in the mechanical deformations due to modifications of the acoustic properties. In this work, we discuss the device theoretical behavior as a multiparameter sensor that distinguishes the components and concentrations of a ternary gas mixture through the transfer matrix method. For a prototype combination of CO2-Air-CH4 mixture, the estimated resolution of the proposed device fabricated in porous silicon can be has high as 0.05% (500 ppm) in the concentration of each individual species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Forzani
- CIMEC-UNL-CONICET, Predio Conicet Dr Alberto Cassano, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina; FADU-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina; CSIC-ICMM, C. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid, CP, 28049, Spain.
| | - C G Mendez
- CIMEC-UNL-CONICET, Predio Conicet Dr Alberto Cassano, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina; FIQ-UNL, Santiago del Estero 2800, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina
| | - R Urteaga
- IFIS, UNL-CONICET, Güemes 3450, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina; FIQ-UNL, Santiago del Estero 2800, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina
| | - A E Huespe
- CIMEC-UNL-CONICET, Predio Conicet Dr Alberto Cassano, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina; FIQ-UNL, Santiago del Estero 2800, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina
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2
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Sayed FA, Elsayed HA, Mehaney A, Eissa MF, Aly AH. A doped-polymer based porous silicon photonic crystal sensor for the detection of gamma-ray radiation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3123-3138. [PMID: 36756394 PMCID: PMC9851373 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, a theoretical investigation of the one-dimensional defective photonic crystals is considered for the detection of gamma-ray radiation. Each unit cell of the considered one-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PhCs) is composed of two layers designed from porous silicon infiltrated by poly-vinyl alcohol polymer doped with crystal violet (CV) and carbol fuchsine (CF) dyes (doped-polymer) with different porosity. In addition, a single layer of doped-polymer is included in the middle of the designed 1D PhCs to stimulate the localization of a distinct resonant wavelength through the photonic band gap. In particular, the appearance of this resonant mode represents the backbone of our study towards the detection of γ-ray radiation with doses from 0 to 70 Gy. The Bruggeman's effective medium equation, the fitted experimental data to the refractive index of the doped-polymer, and the Transfers Matrix Method (TMM) serve as the mainstay of our theoretical treatment. The numerical findings provide significant contributions to some of the governing parameters such as the thicknesses of the considered materials on the performance of the presented sensor, the effect of incidence angle and the porosity of the considered materials on the resonance wavelength. In this regard, at optimum values of these parameters the sensitivity, quality factor, signal-to-noise ratio, detection limit, sensor resolution, and figure of merit that are obtained are 205.7906 nm RIU-1, 9380.483, 49.315, 2.05 × 10-5 RIU, 3.27 × 10-5, and 2429.31 RIU-1, respectively. Therefore, we believe that the suggested design could be of significant interest in many industrial, medical, and scientific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A. Sayed
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef62521Egypt
| | - Hussein A. Elsayed
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef62521Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mehaney
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62521 Egypt
| | - M. F. Eissa
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef62521Egypt
| | - Arafa H. Aly
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef62521Egypt
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3
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Ortiz de Zárate D, Serna S, Ponce-Alcántara S, García-Rupérez J. Evaluation of Mesoporous TiO 2 Layers as Glucose Optical Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5398. [PMID: 35891081 PMCID: PMC9316573 DOI: 10.3390/s22145398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials are currently the basis of many optical sensors because of their ability to provide a higher interaction between the light and the analyte, directly within the optical structure. In this study, mesoporous TiO2 layers were fabricated using a bottom-up synthesis approach in order to develop optical sensing structures. In comparison with more typical top-down fabrication strategies where the bulk constitutive material is etched in order to obtain the required porous medium, the use of a bottom-up fabrication approach potentially allows increasing the interconnectivity of the pore network, hence improving the surface and depth homogeneity of the fabricated layer and reducing production costs by synthesizing the layers on a larger scale. The sensing performance of the fabricated mesoporous TiO2 layers was assessed by means of the measurement of several glucose dilutions in water, estimating a limit of detection even below 0.15 mg/mL (15 mg/dL). All of these advantages make this platform a very promising candidate for the development of low-cost and high-performance optical sensors.
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4
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Advancement in Silicon Integrated Photonics Technologies for Sensing Applications in Near-Infrared and Mid-Infrared Region: A Review. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9050331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Exploration and implementation of silicon (Si) photonics has surged in recent years since both photonic component performance and photonic integration complexity have considerably improved. It supports a wide range of datacom and telecom applications, as well as sensors, including light detection and ranging, gyroscopes, biosensors, and spectrometers. The advantages of low-loss Si WGs with compact size and excellent uniformity, resulting from the high quality and maturity of the Si complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) environment, are major drivers for using Si in photonics. Moreover, it has a high refractive index and a reasonably large mid-infrared (MIR) transparency window, up to roughly 7 μm wavelength, making it beneficial as a passive mid-IR optical material. Several gases and compounds with high absorption properties in the MIR spectral region are of prodigious curiosity for industrial, medicinal, and environmental applications. In comparison to current bulky systems, the implementation of Si photonics devices in this wavelength range might allow inexpensive and small optical sensing devices with greater sensitivity (S), power usage, and mobility. In this review, recent advances in Si integrated photonic sensors working in both near-infrared (NIR) and MIR wavelength ranges are discussed. We believe that this paper will be valuable for the scientific community working on Si photonic sensing devices.
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5
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Bottom-Up Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO2 Films for the Development of Optical Sensing Layers. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9120329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many optical sensors exploit the interesting properties of porous materials, as they ensure a stronger interaction between the light and the analyte directly within the optical structure. Most porous optical sensors are mainly based on porous silicon and anodized aluminum oxide, showing high sensitivities. However, the top-down strategies usually employed to produce those materials might offer a limited control over the properties of the porous layer, which could affect the homogeneity, reducing the sensor reproducibility. In this work, we present the bottom-up synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 Fabry-Pérot optical sensors displaying high sensitivity, high homogeneity, and low production cost, making this platform a very promising candidate for the development of high-performance optical sensors.
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Oliva-Ramírez M, López-Santos C, Berthon H, Goven M, Pórtoles J, Gil-Rostra J, González-Elipe AR, Yubero F. Form Birefringence in Resonant Transducers for the Selective Monitoring of VOCs under Ambient Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19148-19158. [PMID: 33856758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed a new kind of nanocolumnar birefringent Bragg microcavity (BBM) that, tailored by oblique angle deposition, behaves as a selective transducer of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Unlike the atomic lattice origin of birefringence in anisotropic single crystals, in the BBM, it stems from an anisotropic self-organization at the nanoscale of the voids and structural elements of the layers. The optical adsorption isotherms recorded upon exposure of these nanostructured systems to water vapor and VOCs have revealed a rich yet unexplored phenomenology linked to their optical activity that provides both capacity for vapor identification and partial pressure determination. This photonic response has been reproduced with a theoretical model accounting for the evolution of the form birefringence of the individual layers upon vapor condensation in nanopores and internanocolumnar voids. BBMs that repel water vapor but are accessible to VOCs have been also developed through grafting of their internal surfaces with perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane molecules. These nanostructured photonic systems are proposed for the development of transducers that, operating under environmental conditions, may respond specifically to VOCs without any influence by the degree of humidity of the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Oliva-Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC, University of Seville), CICCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen López-Santos
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC, University of Seville), CICCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Hermine Berthon
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC, University of Seville), CICCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Mathilde Goven
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC, University of Seville), CICCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - José Pórtoles
- NEXUS Nanolab, Newcastle University, G8 XPS laboratory Stephenson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Gil-Rostra
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC, University of Seville), CICCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Agustín R González-Elipe
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC, University of Seville), CICCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Yubero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC, University of Seville), CICCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
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7
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Rho D, Breaux C, Kim S. Label-Free Optical Resonator-Based Biosensors. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20205901. [PMID: 33086566 PMCID: PMC7589515 DOI: 10.3390/s20205901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The demand for biosensor technology has grown drastically over the last few decades, mainly in disease diagnosis, drug development, and environmental health and safety. Optical resonator-based biosensors have been widely exploited to achieve highly sensitive, rapid, and label-free detection of biological analytes. The advancements in microfluidic and micro/nanofabrication technologies allow them to be miniaturized and simultaneously detect various analytes in a small sample volume. By virtue of these advantages and advancements, the optical resonator-based biosensor is considered a promising platform not only for general medical diagnostics but also for point-of-care applications. This review aims to provide an overview of recent progresses in label-free optical resonator-based biosensors published mostly over the last 5 years. We categorized them into Fabry-Perot interferometer-based and whispering gallery mode-based biosensors. The principles behind each biosensor are concisely introduced, and recent progresses in configurations, materials, test setup, and light confinement methods are described. Finally, the current challenges and future research topics of the optical resonator-based biosensor are discussed.
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8
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Casquel R, Holgado M, Laguna MF, Hernández AL, Santamaría B, Lavín Á, Luca Tramarin, Herreros P. Engineering vertically interrogated interferometric sensors for optical label-free biosensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3285-3297. [PMID: 32055908 PMCID: PMC7214506 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we review the technology of vertically interrogated optical biosensors from the point of view of engineering. Vertical sensors present several advantages in the fabrication processes and in the light coupling systems, compared with other interferometric sensors. Four different interrelated aspects of the design are identified and described: sensing cell design, optical techniques used in the interrogation, fabrication processes, fluidics, and biofunctionalization of the sensing surface. The designer of a vertical sensor should decide carefully which solution to adopt on each aspect prior to finally integrating all the components in a single platform. Complexity, cost, and reliability of this platform will be determined by the decisions taken on each of the design process. We focus on the research and experience acquired by our group during last years in the field of optical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Casquel
- Applied Physics and Materials Engineering Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ José Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain. .,Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Campus de Montegancedo Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Holgado
- Applied Physics and Materials Engineering Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ José Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain. .,Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Campus de Montegancedo Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María F Laguna
- Applied Physics and Materials Engineering Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ José Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Campus de Montegancedo Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana L Hernández
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Campus de Montegancedo Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Santamaría
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Campus de Montegancedo Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.,Mech, Chem & Industrial Design Engineering Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenería y Diseño Industrial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Lavín
- Applied Physics and Materials Engineering Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ José Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Campus de Montegancedo Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Tramarin
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Campus de Montegancedo Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Herreros
- Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Campus de Montegancedo Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Ramirez-Gutierrez CF, Martinez-Hernandez HD, Lujan-Cabrera IA, Rodriguez-García ME. Design, fabrication, and optical characterization of one-dimensional photonic crystals based on porous silicon assisted by in-situ photoacoustics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14732. [PMID: 31611613 PMCID: PMC6791867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a methodology to fabricate one-dimensional porous silicon (PSi) photonic crystals in the visible range by controlled etching and monitored by photoacoustics. Photoacoustic can record in-situ information about changes in the optical path and chemical reaction as well as in temperature, refractive index, and roughness during porous layers formation. Radiometry imaging can determine the carrier distribution of c-Si substrate that is a fundamental parameter to obtain high-quality PSi films. An electrochemical cell was calibrated through a series of single PSi layers that allows knowing the PA amplitude period, porosity, and roughness as a function of the current density. Optical properties of single layers were determined using the reflectance response in the UV-Vis range to solve the inverse problem through genetic algorithms. PhC structures were designed using the transfer matrix method and effective media approximation.Based on the growth kinetics of PSi single layers, those structures were fabricated by electrochemical etching monitored and controlled by in-situ photoacoustics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Felipe Ramirez-Gutierrez
- Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingenieŕıa de Materiales, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla, C.P., 76230, Qro., Mexico.,Ingeniería Física, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.P., 76010, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Harol David Martinez-Hernandez
- Programa de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Tecnologías, Universidad del Quindío, Quindío, C.P., 630004, Colombia
| | - Ivan Alonso Lujan-Cabrera
- Ingeniería Física, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.P., 76010, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Mario Enrique Rodriguez-García
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla, C.P., 76230, Qro., Mexico.
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Myndrul V, Iatsunskyi I. Nanosilicon-Based Composites for (Bio)sensing Applications: Current Status, Advantages, and Perspectives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2880. [PMID: 31489913 PMCID: PMC6766027 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the application of different types of nanosilicon (nano-Si) materials and nano-Si-based composites for (bio)sensing applications. Different detection approaches and (bio)functionalization protocols were found for certain types of transducers suitable for the detection of biological compounds and gas molecules. The importance of the immobilization process that is responsible for biosensor performance (biomolecule adsorption, surface properties, surface functionalization, etc.) along with the interaction mechanism between biomolecules and nano-Si are disclosed. Current trends in the fabrication of nano-Si-based composites, basic gas detection mechanisms, and the advantages of nano-Si/metal nanoparticles for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based detection are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerii Myndrul
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, 3, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej Str., 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Igor Iatsunskyi
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, 3, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej Str., 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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11
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Ponce-Alcántara S, Martínez-Pérez P, Pérez-Márquez A, Maudes J, Murillo N, García-Rupérez J. Stabilization of Polymeric Nanofibers Layers for Use as Real-Time and In-Flow Photonic Sensors. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19183847. [PMID: 31489881 PMCID: PMC6767253 DOI: 10.3390/s19183847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase the sensitivity of a sensor, the relationship between its volume and the surface available to be functionalized is of great importance. Accordingly, porous materials are becoming very relevant, because they have a notable surface-to-volume ratio. Moreover, they offer the possibility to infiltrate the target substances on them. Among other porous structures, polymeric nanofibers (NFs) layers fabricated by electrospinning have emerged as a very promising alternative to low-cost and easy-to-produce high-performance photonic sensors. However, experimental results show a spectrum drift when performing sensing measurements in real-time. That drift is responsible for a significant error when trying to determine the refractive index variation for a target solution, and, because of that, for the detection of the presence of certain analytes. In order to avoid that problem, different chemical and thermal treatments were studied. The best results were obtained for thermal steps at 190 °C during times between 3 and 5 h. As a result, spectrum drifts lower than 5 pm/min and sensitivities of 518 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) in the visible range of the spectrum were achieved in different electrospun NFs sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Ponce-Alcántara
- Nanophotonics Technology Center (NTC), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paula Martínez-Pérez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center (NTC), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana Pérez-Márquez
- TECNALIA Research & Innovation, Mikeletegi Pasealekua, 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Jon Maudes
- TECNALIA Research & Innovation, Mikeletegi Pasealekua, 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Nieves Murillo
- TECNALIA Research & Innovation, Mikeletegi Pasealekua, 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Jaime García-Rupérez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center (NTC), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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12
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Ahmed AM, Mehaney A. Ultra-high sensitive 1D porous silicon photonic crystal sensor based on the coupling of Tamm/Fano resonances in the mid-infrared region. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6973. [PMID: 31061422 PMCID: PMC6502859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous silicon one-dimensional photonic crystals (PSi-1DPCs) are capable of sensing solutions and liquids based on the smallest variation of the refractive indices. In the present work, we present a novel metal/PSi-1DPC as a liquid sensor based on Tamm/Fano resonances. The operating wavelength range is from 6.35 to 9.85 μm in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region. Different metals (Al, Ag, Au, and Pt) are attached to the top surface of the PSi-1DPCs structure to show Tamm/Fano resonances more clearly. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that Tamm/Fano resonances exhibit simultaneously in PSi-1DPCs within the same structure. The reflection spectra were calculated for the metal/PSi-1DPC structure by using the transfer matrix method (TMM) and the Bruggeman’s effective medium approximation (BEMA). The simulations show that the Tamm/Fano resonances are red-shifted towards the higher wavelengths with increasing the refractive index of the pores. The Ag/PSi-1DPC sensor showed the highest performance. Its sensitivity can be reached to the value 5018 nm/RIU with a high-quality factor of about 2149.27. We predict the proposed sensors can be easily fabricated and we expect them to show higher performance than other reported sensors of this type. Therefore, it will be of interest in the field of optical sensing in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashour M Ahmed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mehaney
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
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13
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Martínez-Pérez P, García-Rupérez J. Commercial polycarbonate track-etched membranes as substrates for low-cost optical sensors. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:677-683. [PMID: 30931209 PMCID: PMC6423561 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials have become one of the best options for the development of optical sensors, since they maximize the interaction between the optical field and the target substances, which boosts the sensitivity. In this work, we propose the use of a readily available mesoporous material for the development of such sensors: commercial polycarbonate track-etched membranes. In order to demonstrate their utility for this purpose, we firstly characterized their optical response in the near-infrared range. This response is an interference fringe pattern, characteristic of a Fabry-Pérot interferometer, which is an optical device typically used for sensing purposes. Afterwards, several refractive index sensing experiments were performed by placing different concentrations of ethanol solution on the polycarbonate track-etched membranes. As a result, a sensitivity value of around 56 nm/RIU was obtained and the reusability of the substrate was demonstrated. These results pave the way for the development of optical porous sensors with such easily available mesoporous material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Martínez-Pérez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime García-Rupérez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Arshavsky-Graham S, Massad-Ivanir N, Segal E, Weiss S. Porous Silicon-Based Photonic Biosensors: Current Status and Emerging Applications. Anal Chem 2018; 91:441-467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hanover, Germany
| | - Naama Massad-Ivanir
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Sharon Weiss
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Ethanol Evaporation on Free-Standing Porous Silicon Photonic Microcavities. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11060894. [PMID: 29861442 PMCID: PMC6025103 DOI: 10.3390/ma11060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have followed ethanol evaporation at two different concentrations using a fiber optic spectrometer and a screen capture application with a resolving capacity of 10 ms. The transmission spectra are measured in the visible-near-infrared range with a resolution of 0.5 nm. Porous Silicon microcavities were fabricated by electrochemistry etching of crystalline silicon. The microcavities were designed to have a localized mode at 472 nm (blue band). Ethanol infiltration produces a redshift of approximately 17 nm. After a few minutes, a phase change from liquid to vapor occurs and the localized wavelength shifts back to the blue band. This process happens in a time window of only 60 ms. Our results indicate a difference between two distinct ethanol concentrations (70% and 35%). For the lower ethanol concentration, the blue shift rate process is slower in the first 30 ms and then it equals the high ethanol concentration blue shift rate. We have repeated the same process, but in an extended mode (750 nm), and have obtained similar results. Our results show that these photonic structures and with the spectroscopic technique used here can be implemented as a sensor with sufficient sensitivity and selectivity. Finally, since the photonic structure is a membrane, it can also be used as a transducer. For instance, by placing this photonic structure on top of a fast photodetector whose photo-response lies within the same bandwidth, the optical response can be transferred to an electrical signal.
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