Optical Detection of Ketoprofen by Its Electropolymerization on an Indium Tin Oxide-Coated Optical Fiber Probe

Recent Trends in Ibuprofen and Ketoprofen Electrochemical Quantification - A Review

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are intensively manufactured, used, and regulated. However, these compounds incur toxic effects on gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal systems when administered in high doses for extended periods. Additionally, once these drugs reach the ecosystems through various pathways, they become environmental contaminants and raise ecological concerns. Traditional detection methods proposed for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs detection encompass certain limitations. In this context, the need for simple, cost-effective, sensitive, and selective detection methods that could improve the quality of analysis led the attention of the scientific community toward electrochemical sensors. The lowest limit of detection of ibuprofen (33.33 × 10-12 μmol L-1) was recorded for a sensor based on ibuprofen specific aptamer bound with nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and gold nanoparticles nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode using differential pulse voltammetry, while the lowest limit of detection reported for ketoprofen was 0.11 μmol L-1 when differential pulse voltammetry was used. This review focuses on the construction, analytical performances, and applicability of electrochemical sensors developed for ibuprofen and ketoprofen determination. This work covers 24 articles published between 2016 and 2022.

CuCo2O4 nanoneedle arrays growth on carbon cloth as a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor with low detection limit ketoprofen recognition

An electrochemical sensor for detecting ketoprofen was constructed by in-situ grown copper cobaltate (CuCo2O4) nanoneedle arrays on a carbon cloth (CC) substrate. The resulting porous nanoneedle arrays not only expose numerous electrochemically active sites but also significantly enhance the electrochemical apparent active area and current transmission efficiency. By leveraging its electrochemical properties, the sensor achieves an impressive detection limit for ketoprofen of 0.7 pM, with a linear range spanning from 2 pM ~ 2 µM. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits remarkable reproducibility, anti-interference capabilities, and stability. Notably, the developed sensor also performed ketoprofen detection on real samples (including drug formulations and wastewater) and demonstrated excellent recognition ability. These exceptional performances can be attributed to the direct growth of CuCo2O4 nanoneedle arrays on the CC substrate, which facilitates a robust electrical connection, provides abundant electrocatalytic active sites, and expands the apparent active area. Consequently, these improvements contribute to the efficient trace detection capabilities of the ketoprofen sensor.

Risk assessment of selected pharmaceuticals on wildlife with nanomaterials based aptasensors

Pharmaceuticals have improved human and veterinary health tremendously over the years. But the implications of the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment on terrestrial, avian, and aquatic organisms are still not fully comprehended. The bioaccumulation and biomagnifications of these chemicals through the food chain have long-term effects on the wildlife. The detection and quantification of such pharmaceutical residues in the environment is a tedious process and quicker methods are needed. Aptasensors are one such quick and reliable method for the identification of pharmaceutical residues in the wildlife. Aptasensors are a class of biosensors that work on the principles of biological recognition of elements. The aptamers are unique biological recognition elements with high specificity and affinity to various targets. Their efficiency makes them a very promising candidate for such sensitive research. In this review, the pharmaceutical threats to wildlife and their detection techniques using aptasensors have been discussed.

Electrochemically directed biofunctionalization of a lossy-mode resonance optical fiber sensor

In this work, we present a direct electrochemical biofunctionalization of an indium-tin-oxide-coated lossy-mode resonance optical fiber sensor. The functionalization using a biotin derivative was performed by cyclic voltammetry in a 10 mM biotin hydrazide solution. All stages of the experiment were simultaneously verified with optical and electrochemical techniques. Performed measurements indicate the presence of a poly-biotin layer on the sensor's surface. Furthermore, dual-domain detection of 0.01 and 0.1 mg/mL of avidin confirms the sensor's viability for label-free detection.

A Comprehensive Review: Materials for the Fabrication of Optical Fiber Refractometers Based on Lossy Mode Resonance

Lossy mode resonance based sensors have been extensively studied in recent years. The versatility of the lossy mode resonance phenomenon has led to the development of sensors based on different configurations that make use of a wide range of materials. The coating material is one of the key elements in the performance of a refractometer. This review paper intends to provide a global view of the wide range of coating materials available for the development of lossy mode resonance based refractometers.