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Minami K, Zhou Y, Imamura G, Shiba K, Yoshikawa G. Sorption Kinetic Parameters from Nanomechanical Sensing for Discrimination of 2-Nonenal from Saturated Aldehydes. ACS Sens 2024; 9:689-698. [PMID: 38349676 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanomechanical sensors have gained significant attention as promising platforms for artificial olfaction. Since sorption kinetic parameters that can be estimated from the sensing signals of nanomechanical sensors reflect the chemical and physicochemical interactions between the odorant and receptor material, the parameters can be utilized for the direct discrimination of each odorant. In this study, we demonstrated the discrimination of 20 vapors, including hydrocarbons, alcohols, organic acids, ketones, and aldehydes, which are reported as human body odor components, using the parameters extracted in the analytical solution of nanomechanical sensors based on sorption kinetics with viscoelastic behaviors. By using one of the specific nanomechanical sensors─membrane-type surface stress sensor─as a sensing unit, we successfully discriminated trans-2-nonenal known as an aging marker from other saturated aldehydes along with quantifying their concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Minami
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yingcheng Zhou
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Gaku Imamura
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kota Shiba
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Genki Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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2
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Imamura G, Minami K, Yoshikawa G. Repetitive Direct Comparison Method for Odor Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:368. [PMID: 36979580 PMCID: PMC10046632 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory sensors are one of the most anticipated applications of gas sensors. To distinguish odors-complex mixtures of gas species, it is necessary to extract sensor responses originating from the target odors. However, the responses of gas sensors tend to be affected by interfering gases with much higher concentrations than target odor molecules. To realize practical applications of olfactory sensors, extracting minute sensor responses of odors from major interfering gases is required. In this study, we propose a repetitive direct comparison (rDC) method, which can highlight the difference in odors by alternately injecting the two target odors into a gas sensor. We verified the feasibility of the rDC method on chocolates with two different flavors by using a sensor system based on membrane-type surface stress sensors (MSS). The odors of the chocolates were measured by the rDC method, and the signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of the measurements were evaluated. The results showed that the rDC method achieved improved S/N compared to a typical measurement. The result also indicates that sensing signals could be enhanced for a specific combination of receptor materials of MSS and target odors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Imamura
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minami
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Genki Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
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3
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Recent Advances in Nanomechanical Membrane-Type Surface Stress Sensors towards Artificial Olfaction. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090762. [PMID: 36140147 PMCID: PMC9496807 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanomechanical sensors have gained significant attention as powerful tools for detecting, distinguishing, and identifying target analytes, especially odors that are composed of a complex mixture of gaseous molecules. Nanomechanical sensors and their arrays are a promising platform for artificial olfaction in combination with data processing technologies, including machine learning techniques. This paper reviews the background of nanomechanical sensors, especially conventional cantilever-type sensors. Then, we focus on one of the optimized structures for static mode operation, a nanomechanical Membrane-type Surface stress Sensor (MSS), and discuss recent advances in MSS and their applications towards artificial olfaction.
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4
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Knecht P, Reichert J, Deimel PS, Feulner P, Haag F, Allegretti F, Garnica M, Schwarz M, Auwärter W, Ryan PTP, Lee T, Duncan DA, Seitsonen AP, Barth JV, Papageorgiou AC. Conformational Control of Chemical Reactivity for Surface-Confined Ru-Porphyrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16561-16567. [PMID: 33938629 PMCID: PMC8362151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We assess the crucial role of tetrapyrrole flexibility in the CO ligation to distinct Ru-porphyrins supported on an atomistically well-defined Ag(111) substrate. Our systematic real-space visualisation and manipulation experiments with scanning tunnelling microscopy directly probe the ligation, while bond-resolving atomic force microscopy and X-ray standing-wave measurements characterise the geometry, X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy the electronic structure, and temperature-programmed desorption the binding strength. Density-functional-theory calculations provide additional insight into the functional interface. We unambiguously demonstrate that the substituents regulate the interfacial conformational adaptability, either promoting or obstructing the uptake of axial CO adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Knecht
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Peter S. Deimel
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Peter Feulner
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Felix Haag
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Manuela Garnica
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
- Current address: Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Martin Schwarz
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Paul T. P. Ryan
- Diamond Light SourceDidcotOX11 0DEUK
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSW7 2AZLondonUK
- Current address: Institute of Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität WienWiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/1341040ViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Ari Paavo Seitsonen
- Département de ChimieEcole Normale Supérieure24 rue Lhomond75005ParisFrance
- Université de recherche Paris-Sciences-et-LettresSorbonne UniversitéCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique75005ParisFrance
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
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5
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Knecht P, Reichert J, Deimel PS, Feulner P, Haag F, Allegretti F, Garnica M, Schwarz M, Auwärter W, Ryan PTP, Lee T, Duncan DA, Seitsonen AP, Barth JV, Papageorgiou AC. Conformational Control of Chemical Reactivity for Surface‐Confined Ru‐Porphyrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Knecht
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Peter S. Deimel
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Peter Feulner
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Felix Haag
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Manuela Garnica
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Current address: Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Martin Schwarz
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Paul T. P. Ryan
- Diamond Light Source Didcot OX11 0DE UK
- Department of Materials Imperial College London Exhibition Road SW7 2AZ London UK
- Current address: Institute of Applied Physics Technische Universität Wien Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/134 1040 Vienna Austria
| | | | | | - Ari Paavo Seitsonen
- Département de Chimie Ecole Normale Supérieure 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Université de recherche Paris-Sciences-et-Lettres Sorbonne Université Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 75005 Paris France
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Anthoula C. Papageorgiou
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
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6
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Nishikawa M, Murata T, Ishihara S, Shiba K, Shrestha LK, Yoshikawa G, Minami K, Ariga K. Discrimination of Methanol from Ethanol in Gasoline Using a Membrane-type Surface Stress Sensor Coated with Copper(I) Complex. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Nishikawa
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Research Center for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Murata
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ishihara
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kota Shiba
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Lok Kumar Shrestha
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Genki Yoshikawa
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minami
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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7
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Seesaard T, Thippakorn C, Kerdcharoen T, Kladsomboon S. A hybrid electronic nose system for discrimination of pathogenic bacterial volatile compounds. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5671-5683. [PMID: 33225324 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01255f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid electronic nose comprising an array of three organic-inorganic nanocomposite gas sensors [zinc tetra tert-butyl phthalocyanine (ZnTTBPc), zinc tetra-phenyl porphyrin (ZnTPP), and cobalt tetraphenyl-porphyrin (CoTPP)] coupled with three commercial metal-oxide semiconductor gas sensors (TGS 2444, TGS 2603 and TGS 2620) was developed to discriminate bacterial volatile compounds. Each type of gas sensor had its own strengths and weaknesses in terms of its capability to detect complex odors from the five different bacterial species tested. Bacterial samples were controlled at a fixed initial bacterial concentration by measuring the optical density at 600 nm of the culture suspensions. A comparative evaluation of the volatile compound fingerprints from five bacterial species grown in Luria-Bertani medium was conducted to identify the optimal incubation time for detection of volatile biomarkers to discriminate among bacteria. The results suggest that the hybrid electronic nose was indeed able to discriminate among the bacterial species and culture media, with a variance based on contributions of 92.4% from PC1 and 7.2% from PC2, at an incubation time of 6 hours. Furthermore, the results of hierarchical cluster analysis showed that bacterial odor data formed two major bacterial groups, with the maximum cluster distance close to 25. Intra-group similarity was demonstrated as the two bacterial species (E. cloacae and P. aeruginosa) from among the Gram-negative bacteria had a greater similarity with a cluster distance close to 4. Finally, the minimum distance between E. cloacae and S. Typhi was approximately 1, at an equal distance from E. coli and S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thara Seesaard
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University, Kanchanaburi, 71190, Thailand
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8
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SnSe2-Zn-Porphyrin Nanocomposite Thin Films for Threshold Methane Concentration Detection at Room Temperature. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8040134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite thin films, sensitive to methane at the room temperature (25–30 °C), have been prepared, starting from SnSe2 powder and Zn(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-aminophenyl)- -porphyrin (ZnTAPP) powder, that were fully characterized by XRD, UV-VIS, FT-IR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), SEM and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) techniques. Film deposition was made by drop casting from a suitable solvent for the two starting materials, after mixing them in an ultrasonic bath. The thickness of these films were estimated from SEM images, and found to be around 1.3 μm. These thin films proved to be sensitive to a threshold methane (CH4) concentration as low as 1000 ppm, at a room temperature of about 25 °C, without the need for heating the sensing element. The nanocomposite material has a prompt and reproducible response to methane in the case of air, with 50% relative humidity (RH) as well. A comparison of the methane sensing performances of our new nanocomposite film with that of other recently reported methane sensitive materials is provided. It is suitable for signaling gas presence before reaching the critical lower explosion limit concentration of methane at 50,000 ppm.
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9
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Imamura G, Yoshikawa G. Development of a Mobile Device for Odor Identification and Optimization of Its Measurement Protocol Based on the Free-Hand Measurement. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20216190. [PMID: 33143265 PMCID: PMC7663627 DOI: 10.3390/s20216190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Practical applications of machine olfaction have been eagerly awaited. A free-hand measurement, in which a measurement device is manually exposed to sample odors, is expected to be a key technology to realize practical machine olfaction. To implement odor identification systems based on the free-hand measurement, the comprehensive development of a measurement system including hardware, measurement protocols, and data analysis is necessary. In this study, we developed palm-size wireless odor measurement devices equipped with Membrane-type Surface stress Sensors (MSS) and investigated the effect of measurement protocols and feature selection on odor identification. By using the device, we measured vapors of liquids as odor samples through the free-hand measurement in different protocols. From the measurement data obtained with these protocols, datasets of transfer function ratios (TFRs) were created and analyzed by clustering and machine learning classification. It has been revealed that TFRs in the low-frequency range below 1 Hz notably contributed to vapor identification because the frequency components in that range reflect the dynamics of the detection mechanism of MSS. We also showed the optimal measurement protocol for accurate classification. This study has shown a guideline of the free-hand measurement and will contribute to the practical implementation of machine olfaction in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Imamura
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-0-29-860-4988
| | - Genki Yoshikawa
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan;
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
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10
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Development of a Colorimetric Sensor for Autonomous, Networked, Real-Time Application. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20205857. [PMID: 33081235 PMCID: PMC7589661 DOI: 10.3390/s20205857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review describes an ongoing effort intended to develop wireless sensor networks for real-time monitoring of airborne targets across a broad area. The goal is to apply the spectrophotometric characteristics of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins in a colorimetric array for detection and discrimination of changes in the chemical composition of environmental air samples. The work includes hardware, software, and firmware design as well as development of algorithms for identification of event occurrence and discrimination of targets. Here, we describe the prototype devices and algorithms related to this effort as well as work directed at selection of indicator arrays for use with the system. Finally, we review the field trials completed with the prototype devices and discuss the outlook for further development.
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11
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Graphene Oxide as a Sensing Material for Gas Detection Based on Nanomechanical Sensors in the Static Mode. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is a key material for gas sensing applications owing to its high specific surface area and vast chemical modification potential. To fully utilize the potential of graphene, a sensing platform independent of conductive properties is required. In this study, we employed membrane-type surface stress sensors (MSS)—A kind of nanomechanical sensor operated in the static mode—As a sensing platform and utilized graphene oxide (GO) as a gas sensing material. MSS detect surface stress caused by gas sorption; therefore, chemically modified graphene with low conductivity can be utilized as a gas sensing material. We evaluated the sensing performance of a GO-coated MSS by measuring its responses to five gases. We demonstrated with the GO-coated MSS the feasibility of GO as a gas sensing material for static mode nanomechanical sensors and revealed its high selectivity to water vapor. Moreover, we investigated the sensing mechanism of the GO-coated MSS by comparing it with the sensing performance of MSS coated with reduced graphene oxide and graphite powder and deduced key factors for sensitivity and selectivity. Considering the high sensitivity of the GO-coated MSS and the compact measurement system that MSS can realize, the present study provides a new perspective on the sensing applications of graphene.
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12
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Kudas Z, Atmaca U, Saruhan T, Celik M, Ekinci D. Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen at Glassy Carbon Electrodes Coated with Diazonium‐derived Porphyrin/Metalloporphyrin Films. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuleyha Kudas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Ufuk Atmaca
- Department of Food Processing, Oltu Vocational CollegeAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Tuba Saruhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Murat Celik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Duygu Ekinci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
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13
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Nurhayati, Suendo V, Alni A, Nugroho AA, Majima Y, Lee S, Nugraha YP, Uekusa H. Revealing the Real Size of a Porphyrin Molecule with Quantum Confinement Probing via Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2672-2682. [PMID: 32207935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The confinement energy of electrons in an aromatic molecule was studied by indirect and direct methods, namely, temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We observed a decrease in the tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) PL intensity with increasing temperature. The increase in temperature provides kinetic energy for the electrons to overcome the confinement energy barrier, making recombination via nonradiative pathways more favorable. The results of fitting the integrated TDPL intensity with a modified Arrhenius equation suggest two confinement energy values. We propose that these energy values are related to the size of the delocalized electron cloud along the plane and thickness of the H2TPP ring. These values quantitatively express an abstract form of the size of the aromatic ring system. These results are in good agreement with the topography images of single H2TPP molecules and monolayer H2TPP obtained by a direct probing method using STM. These results are also supported by the porphyrin ring orientation relative to the excited crystal face during the TDPL measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yutaka Majima
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Seungjoo Lee
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | | | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8851, Japan
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14
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Finite Element Analysis of Interface Dependence on Nanomechanical Sensing. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20051518. [PMID: 32164172 PMCID: PMC7085745 DOI: 10.3390/s20051518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanomechanical sensors and their arrays have been attracting significant attention for detecting, discriminating and identifying target analytes. The sensing responses can be partially explained by the physical properties of the receptor layers coated on the sensing elements. Analytical solutions of nanomechanical sensing are available for a simple cantilever model including the physical parameters of both a cantilever and a receptor layer. These analytical solutions generally rely on the simple structures, such that the sensing element and the receptor layer are fully attached at their boundary. However, an actual interface in a real system is not always fully attached because of inhomogeneous coatings with low affinity to the sensor surface or partial detachments caused by the exposure to some analytes, especially with high concentration. Here, we study the effects of such macroscopic interfacial structures, including partial attachments/detachments, for static nanomechanical sensing, focusing on a Membrane-type Surface stress Sensor (MSS), through finite element analysis (FEA). We simulate various macroscopic interfacial structures by changing the sizes, numbers and positions of the attachments as well as the elastic properties of receptor layers (e.g., Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio) and evaluate the effects on the sensitivity. It is found that specific interfacial structures lead to efficient sensing responses, providing a guideline for designing the coating films as well as optimizing the interfacial structures for higher sensitivity including surface modification of the substrate.
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15
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Ngo HT, Lewis JEM, Payne DT, D’Souza F, Hill JP, Ariga K, Yoshikawa G, Goldup SM. Rotaxanation as a sequestering template to preclude incidental metal insertion in complex oligochromophores. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7447-7450. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09681g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rotaxane as sacrificial template to avoid metal insertion in porphyrinoids during copper catalyzed click reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Thien Ngo
- Olfactory Sensors Group
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN)
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Daniel T. Payne
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS)
- National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS)
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | | | - Jonathan P. Hill
- International Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science
| | - Genki Yoshikawa
- Olfactory Sensors Group
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN)
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
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16
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Free-hand gas identification based on transfer function ratios without gas flow control. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9768. [PMID: 31278339 PMCID: PMC6611792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas identification is one of the most important functions of a gas sensor system. To identify gas species from sensing signals without gas flow control such as pumps or mass flow controllers, it is necessary to extract decisive dynamic features from complex sensing signals due to uncontrolled airflow. For that purpose, various analysis methods using system identification techniques have been proposed, whereas a method that is not affected by a gas input pattern has been demanded to enhance the robustness of gas identification. Here we develop a novel gas identification protocol based on a transfer function ratio (TFR) that is intrinsically independent of a gas input pattern. By combining the protocol with MEMS-based sensors-Membrane-type Surface stress Sensors (MSS), we have realized gas identification with a free-hand measurement, in which one can simply hold a small sensor chip near samples. From sensing signals obtained through the free-hand measurement, we have developed highly accurate machine learning models that can identify odors of spices and herbs as well as solvent vapors. Since no bulky gas flow control units are required, this protocol will expand the applicability of gas sensors to portable electronics, leading to practical artificial olfaction.
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