1
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Kim YB, Kim J. Numerical Study on Electromagnetic Hydraulic Forming Process to Overcome Limitations of Electromagnetic Forming Process. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1586. [PMID: 38612101 PMCID: PMC11012602 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper provides a comparison between the conventional Electromagnetic Forming (EMF) technique and the novel Electromagnetic Hydraulic Forming (EMHF) approach. The EMHF involves the use of finite element analysis coupled with the EM and arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian techniques analyzed through LS-DYNA. In the free-bulge configuration, EMF is influenced by the forming coil, resulting in a dead zone and uneven forming. Additionally, EMF can only be used to shape materials with high electrical conductivity. In contrast, EMHF, driven by induced hydraulic pressure from the electromagnetic field-affected drive sheet, is independent of the electrical conductivity of the material and produces dome-shaped workpieces. For rectangular die shapes, EMF is prone to collision owing to the acceleration of the blank, which results in a reduced quality owing to bouncing. However, EMHF exhibits no bouncing effect and successfully achieves the target shape in most cases. The two techniques differ in the strain rate, with EMF at 4850/s, whereas EMHF operates at approximately 1250/s. Despite being slower, EMHF is still a high-speed forming technique. In conclusion, EMHF is a promising technique capable of addressing the shortcomings of conventional EMF and achieving improvements in forming processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong Kim
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Gao X, Lu X, Zhang X, Qian M, Li A, Geng L, Wang H, Liu C, Ouyang W, Peng HX. Effect of Particle Strength on SiCp/Al Composite Properties with Network Architecture Design. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:597. [PMID: 38591984 PMCID: PMC10856433 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Recent works have experimentally proven that metal matrix composites (MMCs) with network architecture present improved strength-ductility match. It is envisaged that the performance of architecturally designed composites is particularly sensitive to reinforcement strength. Here, reinforcing particles with various fracture strengths were introduced in numerical models of composites with network particle distribution. The results revealed that a low particle strength (1 GPa) led to early-stage failure and brittle fracture. Nevertheless, a high particle strength (5 GPa) delayed the failure behavior and led to ductile fracture at the SiC/Al-Al macro-interface areas. Therefore, the ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) of the network SiC/Al composites increased from 290 to 385 MPa, with rising particle strength from 1 to 5 GPa. Based on the composite property, different particle fracture threshold strengths existed for homogeneous (~2.7 GPa) and network (~3.7 GPa) composites. The higher threshold strength in network composites was related to the increased stress concentration induced by network architecture. Unfortunately, the real fracture strength of the commercial SiC particle is 1-2 GPa, implying that it is possible to select a high-strength particle necessary for efficient network architecture design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300027, China
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300027, China
| | - Xuexi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mingfang Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Aibin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lin Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300027, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300027, China
| | - Wenting Ouyang
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300027, China
| | - Hua-Xin Peng
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300027, China
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3
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Li W, Shi Y, Huang X, Li Z, Zhang X, Zou X, Hu X, Shi J. Study on the Diffusion and Optimization of Sucrose in Gaido Seak Based on Finite Element Analysis and Hyperspectral Imaging Technology. Foods 2024; 13:249. [PMID: 38254550 PMCID: PMC10815083 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese dish cutting technology process, Gaidao artificially create cuts embedded in the food surface by cutting through it with knife, a process that currently plays an important role in the beef marinating process. And different Gaidao processes directly affect the beef marination flavour and marination efficiency. This study is the first to propose the use of Hyperspectral imaging technology (HSI) combined with finite element analysis to investigate the effect of Gaidao process on the quality of marinated beef. The study was carried out by collecting spectral information of beef marinated with different sucrose concentrations and combining various pre-processing methods and algorithms such as PLS, BiPLS, iPLS, and SiPLS to establish a quantitative model of sucrose concentration in beef, and finally optimizing parameters such as the length, position and number of Gaidao by Finite Element Analysis (FEA), which showed that when marinated with 1.0 mol/m³ sucrose solution, the concentration of sucrose in all tissues in the Gaidao steak reached 0.8 mol/m³ and above, which greatly improved the diffusion effect of the marinade. This work provides new ideas and methods to optimize the beef marinade Gaidao process, which has important practical value and research significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiyong Shi
- Agricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (X.H.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.H.)
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4
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Badali V, Checa S, Zehn MM, Marinkovic D, Mohammadkhah M. Computational design and evaluation of the mechanical and electrical behavior of a piezoelectric scaffold: a preclinical study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1261108. [PMID: 38274011 PMCID: PMC10808828 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1261108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectric scaffolds have been recently developed to explore their potential to enhance the bone regeneration process using the concept of piezoelectricity, which also inherently occurs in bone. In addition to providing mechanical support during bone healing, with a suitable design, they are supposed to produce electrical signals that ought to favor the cell responses. In this study, using finite element analysis (FEA), a piezoelectric scaffold was designed with the aim of providing favorable ranges of mechanical and electrical signals when implanted in a large bone defect in a large animal model, so that it could inform future pre-clinical studies. A parametric analysis was then performed to evaluate the effect of the scaffold design parameters with regard to the piezoelectric behavior of the scaffold. The designed scaffold consisted of a porous strut-like structure with piezoelectric patches covering its free surfaces within the scaffold pores. The results showed that titanium or PCL for the scaffold and barium titanate (BT) for the piezoelectric patches are a promising material combination to generate favorable ranges of voltage, as reported in experimental studies. Furthermore, the analysis of variance showed the thickness of the piezoelectric patches to be the most influential geometrical parameter on the generation of electrical signals in the scaffold. This study shows the potential of computer tools for the optimization of scaffold designs and suggests that patches of piezoelectric material, attached to the scaffold surfaces, can deliver favorable ranges of electrical stimuli to the cells that might promote bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Badali
- Department of Structural Mechanics and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Department of Structural Mechanics and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred M. Zehn
- Department of Structural Mechanics and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dragan Marinkovic
- Department of Structural Mechanics and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melika Mohammadkhah
- Department of Structural Mechanics and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Mansour W, Li W, Wang P, Fame CM, Tam LH, Lu Y, Sobuz MHR, Elwakkad NY. Improving the Flexural Response of Timber Beams Using Externally Bonded Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Sheets. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:321. [PMID: 38255489 PMCID: PMC10820128 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a numerical investigation of the flexural behavior of timber beams externally strengthened with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. At first, the accuracy of linear elastic and elastic-plastic models in predicting the behavior of bare timber beams was compared. Then, two modeling approaches (i.e., the perfect bond method and progressive damage technique using the cohesive zone model (CZM)) were considered to simulate the interfacial behavior between FRP and timber. The models were validated against published experimental data, and the most accurate numerical procedure was identified and subsequently used for a parametric study. The length of FRP sheets varied from 50% to 100% of the total length of the beam, while different FRP layers were considered. Moreover, the effects of two strengthening configurations (i.e., FRP attached in the tensile zone only and in both the tensile and compressive zones) on load-deflection response, flexural strength, and flexural rigidity were considered. The results showed that elastic-plastic models are more accurate than linear elastic models in predicting the flexural strength and failure patterns of bare timber beams. In addition, with increasing FRP length, the increase in flexural strength ranged from 10.3% to 52.9%, while no further increase in flexural strength could be achieved beyond an effective length of 80% of the total length of the beam. Attaching the FRP to both the tensile and compressive zone was more effective in enhancing the flexural properties of the timber beam than attaching the FRP to the tensile zone only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Mansour
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (P.W.); (C.M.F.); (Y.L.)
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Weiwen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (P.W.); (C.M.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (P.W.); (C.M.F.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Cheikh Makhfouss Fame
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (P.W.); (C.M.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lik-ho Tam
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Yao Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (P.W.); (C.M.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman Sobuz
- Department of Building Engineering and Construction Management, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh;
| | - Noha Yehia Elwakkad
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
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6
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Tang J, Niu B, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Long D. Tensile Failure Behaviors of Adhesively Bonded Structure Based on In Situ X-ray CT and FEA. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7609. [PMID: 38138751 PMCID: PMC10744883 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive bonding plays a pivotal role in structural connections, yet the bonding strength is notably affected by the presence of pore defects. However, the invisibility of interior pores severely poses a challenge to understanding their influence on tensile failure behaviors under loading. In this study, we present a pioneering investigation into the real-time micro-failure mechanisms of adhesively bonded structures using in situ X-ray micro-CT. Moreover, the high-precision finite element analysis (FEA) of stress distribution is realized by establishing the real adhesive layer model based on micro-CT slices. The findings unveil that pores induce stress concentration within the adhesive layer during the tensile process, with stress levels significantly contingent upon pore sizes rather than their specific shapes. Consequently, larger pores initiate and propagate cracks along their paths, ultimately culminating in the failure of adhesively bonded structures. These outcomes serve as a significant stride in elucidating how pore defects affect the bonding performance of adhesively bonded structures, offering invaluable insights into their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Bo Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yayun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Donghui Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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7
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Chitrakar R, Hossain MS, Nilufar S. The Effect of Microballoon Volume Fraction on the Elastic and Viscoelastic Properties of Hollow Microballoon-Filled Epoxy Composites. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7554. [PMID: 38138697 PMCID: PMC10744497 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the study of hollow microballoon-filled epoxy composites also known as syntactic foams with various volume fractions of microballoons. Different mechanical and thermomechanical investigations were carried out to study the elastic and viscoelastic behavior of these foams. The density, void content, and microstructure of these materials were also studied for better characterization. In addition to the experimental testing, a representative 3D model of these syntactic foams was developed to further investigate their elastic behavior. The results indicate that changes in the volume percentage of the microballoons had a substantial impact on the elastic and viscoelastic behavior of these foams. These results will help in designing and optimizing custom-tailored syntactic foams for different engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabrina Nilufar
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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8
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Comuzzi L, Ceddia M, Di Pietro N, Inchingolo F, Inchingolo AM, Romasco T, Tumedei M, Specchiulli A, Piattelli A, Trentadue B. Crestal and Subcrestal Placement of Morse Cone Implant-Abutment Connection Implants: An In Vitro Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3077. [PMID: 38002077 PMCID: PMC10669349 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The issue of dental implant placement relative to the alveolar crest, whether in supracrestal, equicrestal, or subcrestal positions, remains highly controversial, leading to conflicting data in various studies. Three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) can offer insights into the biomechanical aspects of dental implants and the surrounding bone. A 3D model of the jaw was generated using computed tomography (CT) scans, considering a cortical thickness of 1.5 mm. Subsequently, Morse cone implant-abutment connection implants were virtually positioned at the model's center, at equicrestal (0 mm) and subcrestal levels (-1 mm and -2 mm). The findings indicated the highest stress within the cortical bone around the equicrestally placed implant, the lowest stress in the -2 mm subcrestally placed implant, and intermediate stresses in the -1 mm subcrestally placed implant. In terms of clinical relevance, this study suggested that subcrestal placement of a Morse cone implant-abutment connection (ranging between -1 and -2 mm) could be recommended to reduce peri-implant bone resorption and achieve longer-term implant success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Comuzzi
- Independent Researcher, San Vendemiano-Conegliano, 31020 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Mario Ceddia
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (B.T.)
| | - Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.R.); (A.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.I.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.I.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Tea Romasco
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.R.); (A.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Margherita Tumedei
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Specchiulli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
- Facultad de Medicina, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Bartolomeo Trentadue
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (B.T.)
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Lifka S, Rehberger Y, Pastl K, Rofner-Moretti A, Reichkendler M, Baumgartner W. The Development and Biomechanical Analysis of an Allograft Interference Screw for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1174. [PMID: 37892904 PMCID: PMC10604633 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft fixation during cruciate ligament reconstruction using interference screws is a common and frequently used surgical technique. These interference screws are usually made of metal or bioabsorbable materials. This paper describes the development of an allograft interference screw from cortical human bone. During the design of the screw, particular attention was paid to the choice of the screw drive and the screw shape, as well as the thread shape. Based on these parameters, a prototype was designed and manufactured. Subsequently, the first biomechanical tests using a bovine model were performed. The test procedure comprised a torsion test to determine the ultimate failure torque of the screw and the insertion torque during graft fixation, as well as a pull-out test to asses the ultimate failure load of the graft fixation. The results of the biomechanical analysis showed that the mean value of the ultimate failure torque was 2633 Nmm, whereas the mean occurring insertion torque during graft fixation was only 1125 Nmm. The mean ultimate failure load of the graft fixation was approximately 235 N. The results of this work show a good overall performance of the allograft screw compared to conventional screws, and should serve as a starting point for further detailed investigations and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lifka
- Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Markus Reichkendler
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, District Hospital Schwaz, 6130 Schwaz, Austria
| | - Werner Baumgartner
- Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
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10
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Sha X, Davidson JS. Verification of Composite Beam Theory with Finite Element Model for Pretensioned Concrete Members with Prestressing FRP Tendons. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6376. [PMID: 37834513 PMCID: PMC10573772 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Composite beam theory was previously developed to establish an analytical solution for determining the transfer length of prestressed fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) tendons in pretensioned concrete members. In the present study, a novel finite element (FE) modeling approach is proposed to provide further verification of the developed analytical method. The present FE model takes into account the friction coefficients obtained from pull-out tests on the FRP tendons and prestressed concrete members. Convergence analysis of two numerical simulations with different mesh densities is carried out as well. The results demonstrated that the transfer length predicted by the fine FE model with a friction coefficient of α = 0.3 for high pretension is in good agreement with the measured values and the analytical solutions. The consistency between the analytical solution and FE simulation not only further proves the reliability of composite beam theory but also demonstrates the importance of the bond-slip relationship in predicting the transfer length of pretensioned concrete members prestressed with FRP tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sha
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - James S. Davidson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
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11
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Lim SS, Hong JP, Kim M, Park YC, Lee SM, Cho DY, Cho CH. Study on Rolling Defects of Al-Mg Alloys with High Mg Content in Normal Rolling and Cross-Rolling Processes. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6260. [PMID: 37763537 PMCID: PMC10533048 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated defect formation and strain distribution in high-Mg-content Al-Mg alloys during normal rolling and cross-rolling processes. The finite element analysis (FEA) revealed the presence of wave defects and strain localization-induced zipper cracks in normal cold rolling, which were confirmed by the experimental results. The concentration of shear strain played a significant role in crack formation and propagation. However, the influence of wave defects was minimal in the cross-rolling process, which exhibited a relatively uniform strain distribution. Nonetheless, strain concentration at the edge and center regions led to the formation of zipper cracks and edge cracks, with more pronounced propagation observed in the experiments compared to FEA predictions. Furthermore, texture evolution was found to be a crucial factor affecting crack propagation, particularly with the development of the Goss texture component, which was observed via electron backscattered diffraction analysis at bending points. The Goss texture hindered crack propagation, while the Brass texture allowed cracks to pass through. This phenomenon was consistent with both FEA and experimental observations. To mitigate edge crack formation and propagation, potential strategies involve promoting the formation of the Goss texture at the edge through alloy and process conditions, as well as implementing intermediate annealing to alleviate stress accumulation. These measures can enhance the overall quality and reliability of Al-Mg alloys during cross-rolling processes. In summary, understanding the mechanisms of defect formation and strain distribution in Al-Mg alloys during rolling processes is crucial for optimizing their mechanical properties. The findings of this study provide insights into the challenges associated with wave defects, strain localization, and crack propagation. Future research and optimization efforts should focus on implementing strategies to minimize defects and improve the overall quality of Al-Mg alloys in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Sik Lim
- Molding & Metal Forming R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.-S.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Je-Pyo Hong
- R&D Center, RtoB Co., Ltd., Incheon 21632, Republic of Korea; (J.-P.H.); (Y.-C.P.); (S.-M.L.); (D.-Y.C.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Minki Kim
- Molding & Metal Forming R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.-S.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Young-Chul Park
- R&D Center, RtoB Co., Ltd., Incheon 21632, Republic of Korea; (J.-P.H.); (Y.-C.P.); (S.-M.L.); (D.-Y.C.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mock Lee
- R&D Center, RtoB Co., Ltd., Incheon 21632, Republic of Korea; (J.-P.H.); (Y.-C.P.); (S.-M.L.); (D.-Y.C.)
| | - Dae-Yeon Cho
- R&D Center, RtoB Co., Ltd., Incheon 21632, Republic of Korea; (J.-P.H.); (Y.-C.P.); (S.-M.L.); (D.-Y.C.)
| | - Chang-Hee Cho
- R&D Center, RtoB Co., Ltd., Incheon 21632, Republic of Korea; (J.-P.H.); (Y.-C.P.); (S.-M.L.); (D.-Y.C.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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12
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Lasko G, Schmauder S, Yang Y, Weiss S, Dogahe K. FEM Simulations of Fatigue Crack Initiation in the Oligocrystalline Microstructure of Stents. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6003. [PMID: 37687693 PMCID: PMC10488850 DOI: 10.3390/ma16176003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
For over two decades, vascular stents have been widely used to treat clogged vessels, serving as a scaffold to enlarge the narrowed lumen and recover the arterial flow area. High-purity oligocrystalline austenitic steel is usually applied for the production of stents. Despite the popularity and benefit of stenting, it still may cause serious clinical adverse issues, such as in-stent restenosis and stent fracture. Therefore, the study of the mechanical properties of stents and in particular the prediction of their life cycles are in the focus of materials research. In our contribution, within the finite element method, a two-scale model of crack initiation in the microstructure of stents is elaborated. The approach is developed on the basis of the physically based Tanaka-Mura model (TMM), considering the evolution of shear bands during the crack initiation phase. The model allows for the analysis of the microstructure with respect to the life cycles of real materials. The effects of different loading conditions, grain orientation, and thickness of the specimen on Wöhler curves were analysed. It was found that the microstructural features of oligocrystals are very sensitive to different loading conditions with respect to their fatigue behaviour and play a major role in fatigue crack initiation. Different grain-orientation distributions result in qualitative and quantitative differences in stress distribution and in the number of cycles for crack initiation. It was found that presence of a neutral zone in the cut-out of the microstructure under three-point-bending loading conditions changes the qualitative and quantitative patterns of stress distribution and affects the number of cycles for crack initiation. It was found that under both tensile and bending loading conditions, thicker specimens require more cycles for crack initiation. The Wöhler curves for crack initiation in oligocrystalline microstructures of stents could be compared with the ones in the experiment, taking into account that for high cyclic fatigue (HCF), typically, more than 70% of the cycles refer to crack initiation. The developed numerical tools could be used for the material design of stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Lasko
- Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength of Materials (IMWF), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Siegfried Schmauder
- Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength of Materials (IMWF), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yitong Yang
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Technology (MWT), Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 17, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Sabine Weiss
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Technology (MWT), Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 17, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Kiarash Dogahe
- Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength of Materials (IMWF), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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13
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Zhao Q, Wu H, Chen X, Chen X, Xu S, He C, Zhao T. Morphological Characterization and Failure Analysis of the Ultrasonic Welded Single-Lap Joints. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3555. [PMID: 37688183 PMCID: PMC10489989 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic welding technology represents an advanced method for joining thermoplastic composites. However, there exists a scarcity of systematic investigations into welding parameters and their influence on the morphological characteristics and quality of the welded regions. Furthermore, a comprehensive experimental understanding of the welded joint failure mechanisms remains deficient. A robust model for simulating the failure behavior of welded joints under loading has yet to be formulated. In this study, ultrasonic welded specimens were fabricated using distinct welding control methods and varied parameter combinations. Diverse experimental methodologies are employed to assess the morphological features of the welded areas, ascertain specimen strength, and observe welding interface failure modes. Based on a cohesive model, a finite element model is developed to predict the strength of the ultrasonic welded joints and elucidate the failure mechanisms. The results showed that, under identical welding parameters, the specimens welded with a high amplitude and low welding force exhibit superior welding quality. The specimens produced under displacement control exhibit minimal dispersion in strength. The proposed finite element model effectively prognosticates both welded joint strength and failure modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyue Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.Z.)
| | - Hantai Wu
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.Z.)
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.Z.)
| | - Shuaiheng Xu
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.Z.)
| | - Chunwang He
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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14
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Cipollina A, Ceddia M, Di Pietro N, Inchingolo F, Tumedei M, Romasco T, Piattelli A, Specchiulli A, Trentadue B. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of a Premaxillary Device: A New Type of Subperiosteal Implant to Treat Severe Atrophy of the Maxilla. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:336. [PMID: 37622941 PMCID: PMC10452205 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme atrophy of the maxilla still poses challenges for clinicians. Some of the techniques used to address this issue can be complex, risky, expensive, and time consuming, often requiring skilled surgeons. While many commonly used techniques have achieved very high success rates, complications may arise in certain cases. In this context, the premaxillary device (PD) technique offers a simpler approach to reconstruct severely atrophic maxillae, aiming to avoid more complicated and risky surgical procedures. Finite element analysis (FEA) enables the evaluation of different aspects of dental implant biomechanics. Our results demonstrated that using a PD allows for an optimal distribution of stresses on the basal bone, avoiding tension peaks that can lead to bone resorption or implant failure. ANSYS® was used to perform localized finite element analysis (FEA), enabling a more precise examination of the peri-crestal area and the PD through an accurate mesh element reconstruction, which facilitated the mathematical solution of FEA. The most favorable biomechanical behavior was observed for materials such as titanium alloys, which helped to reduce stress levels on bone, implants, screws, and abutments. Additionally, stress values remained within the limits of basal bone and titanium alloy strengths. In conclusion, from a biomechanical point of view, PDs appear to be viable alternatives for rehabilitating severe atrophic maxillae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Ceddia
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Politecnico di Bari University, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (B.T.)
| | - Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.R.); (A.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Margherita Tumedei
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tea Romasco
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.R.); (A.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
- Facultad de Medicina, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alessandro Specchiulli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Bartolomeo Trentadue
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Politecnico di Bari University, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (B.T.)
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15
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Wu T, Bonnheim NB, Pendleton MM, Emerzian SR, Keaveny TM. Radiation-induced changes in load-sharing and structure-function behavior in murine lumbar vertebrae. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37504955 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2239415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used micro-CT-based finite element analysis to investigate the biomechanical effects of radiation on the microstructure and mechanical function of murine lumbar vertebrae. Specifically, we evaluated vertebral microstructure, whole-bone stiffness, and cortical-trabecular load sharing in the L5 vertebral body of mice exposed to ionizing radiation 11 days post exposure (5 Gy total dose; n = 13) and controls (n = 14). Our findings revealed the irradiated group exhibited reduced trabecular bone volume and microstructure (p < 0.001) compared to controls, while cortical bone volume remained unchanged (p = 0.91). Axially compressive loads in the irradiated group were diverted from the trabecular centrum and into the vertebral cortex, as evidenced by a higher cortical load-fraction (p = 0.02) and a higher proportion of cortical tissue at risk of initial failure (p < 0.01). Whole-bone stiffness was lower in the irradiated group compared to the controls, though the difference was small and non-significant (2045 ± 142 vs. 2185 ± 225 vs. N/mm, irradiated vs. control, p = 0.07). Additionally, the structure-function relationship between trabecular bone volume and trabecular load fraction differed between groups (p = 0.03), indicating a less biomechanically efficient trabecular network in the irradiated group. We conclude that radiation can decrease trabecular bone volume and result in a less biomechanically efficient trabecular structure, leading to increased reliance on the vertebral cortex to resist axially compressive loads. These findings offer biomechanical insight into the effects of radiation on structure-function behavior in murine lumbar vertebrae independent of possible tissue-level material effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongge Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Noah B Bonnheim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Megan M Pendleton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shannon R Emerzian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tony M Keaveny
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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16
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Dong H, Wu Y, Li C, Xu H. Investigation of the Degradation Mechanism of SiC MOSFET Subjected to Multiple Stresses. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1469. [PMID: 37512783 PMCID: PMC10384136 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The performance requirements for power devices in airborne equipment are increasingly demanding, while environmental and working stresses are becoming more diverse. The degradation mechanisms of devices subjected to multiple stresses become more complex. Most proposed degradation mechanisms and models in current research only consider a single stress, making it difficult to describe the correlation between multiple stresses and the correlation of failures. Then, a multi-physical field coupling model based on COMSOL is proposed. The influence relationship between temperature, moisture, electrical load, and vibration during device operation is considered, and a three-dimensional finite element model is built to investigate the multi-stress degradation mechanism under multi-physical field coupling. The simulation results show that, compared with single-stress models, the proposed multi-stress coupled model can more accurately simulate the degradation process of SiC MOSFET. This provides references for improving the reliability design of power device packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Dong
- College of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
- Tianjin Aviation Equipment Safety and Airworthiness Technology Innovation Center, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Yunxia Wu
- College of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Chan Li
- College of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Shenyang Aircraft Airworthiness Certification Center of CAAC, Shenyang 110043, China
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17
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Li A, Shao B, Chong DYR, Liu Z. The influence of maxillary incisor angles on the stress distributions of temporomandibular joints under incisal biting. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2023; 39:e3702. [PMID: 36987734 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The incisal biting was one of the most regular jaw activities. The direction of bite force on the incisor tip and the mandible position were relevant to the incisor angle as biting. This study was carried out to explore the influence on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) caused by the incisor angle. METHODS Twenty individuals belonging to three incisor subtypes of the buccal type were recruited. In addition, the 3D models including the maxillary, mandible and discs were established based on their cone-beam computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scannings. Then, the mandibular ligaments and the discal attachments were simulated in the finite element models to analyze the stress distributions of the TMJs under incisal biting. RESULTS The TMJ stresses of subtype I showed normal range and distribution. The stresses of the intermediate temporal bone tended to increase in subtype II. The intermediate and posterior bands of the discs sustained greater tensile stresses in subtype III. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal stress distributions are harmful to TMJs, so the incisor cusp was not suggested to incline to the palatal side too much.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annan Li
- Key Lab for Biomechanical Engineering of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology/Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644600, China
| | - Bingmei Shao
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology/Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644600, China
- Basic Mechanics Lab, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610211, China
| | - Desmond Y R Chong
- Engineering Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, 138683, Singapore
| | - Zhan Liu
- Key Lab for Biomechanical Engineering of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology/Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644600, China
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18
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Heitkamp T, Girnth S, Kuschmitz S, Waldt N, Klawitter G, Vietor T. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hybrid and Non-Hybrid Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051164. [PMID: 36904406 PMCID: PMC10007513 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research efforts have highlighted the potential of hybrid composites in the context of additive manufacturing. The use of hybrid composites can lead to an enhanced adaptability of the mechanical properties to the specific loading case. Furthermore, the hybridization of multiple fiber materials can result in positive hybrid effects such as increased stiffness or strength. In contrast to the literature, where only the interply and intrayarn approach has been experimentally validated, this study presents a new intraply approach, which is experimentally and numerically investigated. Three different types of tensile specimens were tested. The non-hybrid tensile specimens were reinforced with contour-based fiber strands of carbon and glass. In addition, hybrid tensile specimens were manufactured using an intraply approach with alternating carbon and glass fiber strands in a layer plane. In addition to experimental testing, a finite element model was developed to better understand the failure modes of the hybrid and non-hybrid specimens. The failure was estimated using the Hashin and Tsai-Wu failure criteria. The specimens showed similar strengths but greatly different stiffnesses based on the experimental results. The hybrid specimens demonstrated a significant positive hybrid effect in terms of stiffness. Using FEA, the failure load and fracture locations of the specimens were determined with good accuracy. Microstructural investigations of the fracture surfaces showed notable evidence of delamination between the different fiber strands of the hybrid specimens. In addition to delamination, strong debonding was particularly evident in all specimen types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Heitkamp
- Faculty II, Hochschule Hannover, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 30459 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Simon Girnth
- Faculty II, Hochschule Hannover, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 30459 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kuschmitz
- Institute for Engineering Design, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nils Waldt
- Faculty II, Hochschule Hannover, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 30459 Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter Klawitter
- Faculty II, Hochschule Hannover, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 30459 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Vietor
- Institute for Engineering Design, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany
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Kuang Z, Xia Y, Chen G, Sun D, Ju B, Wu P, Yang W, Wu G. Effect of Interfacial Strength on Mechanical Behavior of Be/2024Al Composites by Pressure Infiltration. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:752. [PMID: 36676485 PMCID: PMC9862181 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, two kinds of Be/2024Al composites were prepared by the pressure infiltration method using two different beryllium powders as reinforcements and 2024Al as a matrix. The effect of interfacial strength on the mechanical behavior of Be/2024Al composites was studied. Firstly, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the two composites were characterized, and then the finite element analysis (FEA) simulation was used to further illustrate the influence of interfacial strength on the mechanical properties of the two Be/2024Al composites. The mechanical tensile test results show that the tensile strength and elongation of the beryllium/2024Al composite prepared by the blocky impact grinding beryllium powder (blocky-Be/2024Al composite) are 405 MPa and 1.58%, respectively, which is superior to that of the beryllium/2024Al composite prepared by the spherical atomization beryllium powder (spherical-Be/2024Al composite), as its strength and elongation are 331 MPa and 0.38%, respectively. Meanwhile, the fracture of the former shows brittle fracture of beryllium particles and ductile fracture of aluminum, while the latter shows interface debonding. Further FEA simulation illustrates that the interfacial strength of the blocky-Be/2024Al composite is 600 MPa, which is higher than that of the spherical-Be/2024Al composite (330 MPa). Therefore, it can be concluded that the better mechanical properties of the blocky-Be/2024Al composite contribute to its stronger beryllium/aluminum interfacial strength, and the better interfacial strength might be due to the rough surface and microcrack morphology of blocky beryllium particles. These research results provide effective experimental and simulation support for the selection of beryllium powder and the design and preparation of high-performance beryllium/aluminum composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Kuang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yixiao Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guoqin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structure-Function Integrated Materials and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dongli Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Boyu Ju
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology on High Power Microwave, Xi’an 710024, China
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China
| | - Wenshu Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Gaohui Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structure-Function Integrated Materials and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Lee DY, Jo JS, Nyongesa AJ, Lee WJ. Fatigue Analysis of a 40 ft LNG ISO Tank Container. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:428. [PMID: 36614769 PMCID: PMC9822458 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The demand for Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has rapidly increased over the past few years. This is because of increasingly stringent environmental regulations to curb harmful emissions from fossil fuels. LNG is one of the clean energy sources that has attracted a great deal of research. In the Republic of Korea, the use of LNG has been implemented in various sectors, including public transport buses, domestic applications, power generation, and in huge marine engines. Therefore, a proper, flexible, and safe transport system should be put in place to meet the high demand. In this work, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed on a domestically developed 40 ft ISO LNG tank using Ansys Mechanical software under low- and high-cycle conditions. The results showed that the fatigue damage factor for all the test cases was much lower than 1. The maximum principal stress generated in the 40 ft LNG ISO tank container did not exceed the yield strength of the calculated material (carbon steel). Maximum principal stress of 123.2 MPa and 107.61 MPa was obtained with low-cycle and high-cycle analysis, respectively, which is 50.28% less than the yield strength of carbon steel. The total number of cycles was greater than the total number of design cycles, and the 40 ft LNG ISO tank container was satisfied with a fatigue life of 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-Yong Lee
- Korea Marine Equipment Research Institute, Busan 46754, Republic of Korea
- Division of Marine Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sang Jo
- Korea Marine Equipment Research Institute, Busan 46754, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical IT Convergence Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Antony John Nyongesa
- Division of Marine Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ju Lee
- Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
- Division of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
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21
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Yang C, Zeng Z, Yan H, Wu J, Lv X, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Zhang C, Fu G, Peng X, Wang Z, Zhao Q, Li W, Huang R, Wang Q, Li B, Hu X, Wang P, Gao L. Application of vertebral body compression osteotomy in pedicle subtraction osteotomy on ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis: Finite element analysis and retrospective study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1131880. [PMID: 37033224 PMCID: PMC10076869 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1131880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease, with pathological characteristics of bone erosion, inflammation of attachment point, and bone ankylosis. Due to the ossified intervertebral disc and ligament, pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is one of the mainstream surgeries of AS-related thoracolumbar kyphosis, but the large amount of blood loss and high risk of instrumental instability limit its clinical application. The purpose of our study is to propose a new transpedicular vertebral body compression osteotomy (VBCO) in PSO to reduce blood loss and improve stability. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with AS-related thoracolumbar kyphosis who underwent one-level PSO in our hospital from February 2009 to May 2019. A total of 31 patients were included in this study; 6 received VBCO and 25 received eggshell vertebral body osteotomy. We collected demographic data containing gender and age at diagnosis. Surgical data contained operation time, estimated blood loss (EBL), and complications. Radiographic data contained pre-operative and follow-up sagittal parameters including chin brow-vertical angle (CBVA), global kyphosis (GK), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and lumbar lordosis (LL). A typical case with L2-PSO was used to establish a finite element model. The mechanical characteristics of the internal fixation device, vertebral body, and osteotomy plane of the two osteotomy models were analyzed under different working conditions. RESULTS The VBCO could provide comparable restoring of CBVA, GK, TK, and LL in the eggshell osteotomy procedure (all p > 0.05). The VBCO significantly reduced EBL compared to those with eggshell osteotomy [800.0 ml (500.0-1,439.5 ml) vs. 1,455.5 ml (1,410.5-1,497.8 ml), p = 0.033]. Compared with the eggshell osteotomy, VBCO showed better mechanical property. For the intra-pedicular screw fixation, the VBCO group had a more average distributed and lower stress condition on both nails and connecting rod. VBCO had a flattened osteotomy plane than the pitted osteotomy plane of the eggshell group, showing a lower and more average distributed maximum stress and displacement of osteotomy plane. CONCLUSION In our study, we introduced VBCO as an improved method in PSO, with advantages in reducing blood loss and providing greater stability. Further investigation should focus on clinical research and biomechanical analysis for the application of VBCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canchun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziliang Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haolin Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jionglin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenpeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renyuan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Li, ; ; Xumin Hu, ; Liangbin Gao, ; Peng Wang,
| | - Xumin Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Li, ; ; Xumin Hu, ; Liangbin Gao, ; Peng Wang,
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Li, ; ; Xumin Hu, ; Liangbin Gao, ; Peng Wang,
| | - Liangbin Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Li, ; ; Xumin Hu, ; Liangbin Gao, ; Peng Wang,
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22
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Ahmed MH, Jamshid A, Amjad U, Azhar A, Hassan MZU, Tiwana MI, Qureshi WS, Alanazi E. 3D Printable Thermoplastic Polyurethane Energy Efficient Passive Foot. 3D Print Addit Manuf 2022; 9:557-565. [PMID: 36660747 PMCID: PMC9831569 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Passive energy storing prosthetics are redesigned to improve the stored and recovered energy during different phases of the gait cycle. Furthermore, the demand of the low-cost passive prosthesis that are capable of energy storing is increasing day by day especially in underdeveloping countries. This article proposes a new passive foot design that is more energy efficient if 3D printed using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material. The model is built in SOLIDWORKS®, and then the finite element analysis is conducted on ANSYS®. Two models of the foot are designed with and without Steps on the toe and heel, where the difference of Steps showed difference in the energy stored in the foot during stimulation. TPU being a flexible material with high strength and durability is chosen as the material for the 3D printed foot. The analysis performed on the foot is for an 80 kg person at different angles during the gait cycle for the K2 human activity level. The results obtained indicate high energy storage ability of TPU that is 0.044 J/Kg, comparative to other materials Hytrel, Delrin, and Carbon Fiber DA that are commonly used in passive foots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hassaan Ahmed
- Robot Design and Development Lab (RDDL), National Centre of Robotics and Automation (NCRA), NUST College of E&ME, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and NUST College of E&ME, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Asharib Jamshid
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, NUST College of E&ME, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Usman Amjad
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, NUST College of E&ME, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Aashir Azhar
- Robot Design and Development Lab (RDDL), National Centre of Robotics and Automation (NCRA), NUST College of E&ME, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohsin Islam Tiwana
- Robot Design and Development Lab (RDDL), National Centre of Robotics and Automation (NCRA), NUST College of E&ME, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, NUST College of E&ME, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Shahid Qureshi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, NUST College of E&ME, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Computer Science, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eisa Alanazi
- Department of Computer Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Warren JL, Yoo JE, Meyer CA, Molony DS, Samady H, Hayenga HN. Automated finite element approach to generate anatomical patient-specific biomechanical models of atherosclerotic arteries from virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound. Front Med Technol 2022; 4:1008540. [PMID: 36523426 PMCID: PMC9745200 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.1008540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in early detection and treatment, atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of death across all cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Biomechanical analysis of atherosclerotic lesions has the potential to reveal biomechanically instable or rupture-prone regions. Treatment decisions rarely consider the biomechanics of the stenosed lesion due in-part to difficulties in obtaining this information in a clinical setting. Previous 3D FEA approaches have incompletely incorporated the complex curvature of arterial geometry, material heterogeneity, and use of patient-specific data. To address these limitations and clinical need, herein we present a user-friendly fully automated program to reconstruct and simulate the wall mechanics of patient-specific atherosclerotic coronary arteries. The program enables 3D reconstruction from patient-specific data with heterogenous tissue assignment and complex arterial curvature. Eleven arteries with coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent baseline and 6-month follow-up angiographic and virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) imaging. VH-IVUS images were processed to remove background noise, extract VH plaque material data, and luminal and outer contours. Angiography data was used to orient the artery profiles along the 3D centerlines. The resulting surface mesh is then resampled for uniformity and tetrahedralized to generate the volumetric mesh using TetGen. A mesh convergence study revealed edge lengths between 0.04 mm and 0.2 mm produced constituent volumes that were largely unchanged, hence, to save computational resources, a value of 0.2 mm was used throughout. Materials are assigned and finite element analysis (FEA) is then performed to determine stresses and strains across the artery wall. In a representative artery, the highest average effective stress was in calcium elements with 235 kPa while necrotic elements had the lowest average stress, reaching as low as 0.79 kPa. After applying nodal smoothening, the maximum effective stress across 11 arteries remained below 288 kPa, implying biomechanically stable plaques. Indeed, all atherosclerotic plaques remained unruptured at the 6-month longitudinal follow up diagnosis. These results suggest our automated analysis may facilitate assessment of atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L. Warren
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - John E. Yoo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Clark A. Meyer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - David S. Molony
- Northeast Georgia Health System, Georgia Heart Institute, Gainesville, GA, United States
| | - Habib Samady
- Northeast Georgia Health System, Georgia Heart Institute, Gainesville, GA, United States
| | - Heather N. Hayenga
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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24
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Du T, Sun L, Wan J. A Worm-like Crawling Soft Robot with Pneumatic Actuators Based on Selective Laser Sintering of TPU Powder. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:205. [PMID: 36412733 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft robotics is one of the most popular areas in the field of robotics due to advancements in bionic technology, novel materials, and additive manufacturing. Existing soft crawling robots with specific structures have a single locomotion mode and cannot complete turning. Moreover, some silicone-based robots lack stiffness, leading to unstable movements especially when climbing walls, and have limited environmental adaptability. Therefore, in this study, a novel crawling soft robot with a multi-movement mode and high environmental adaptability is proposed. As the main structure of the robot, pneumatic single-channeled and double-channeled actuators are designed, inspired by the worm's somite expansion and contraction. Model-based methods are employed to evaluate and analyze the characteristics of the actuators. By the application of selective laser sintering technology and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material, the fabricated actuators with an auxetic cavity structure are able to maintain a certain stiffness. Via the coordination between the actuators and the suckers, two locomotion modes-straight-line and turning-are realized. In the testing, the speed of straight-line crawling was 7.15 mm/s, and the single maximum turning angle was 28.8 degrees. The testing verified that the robot could realize crawling on flat ground, slopes, and smooth vertical walls with a certain stability and equipment-carrying capacity. This research could lay the foundation for subsequent applications, including large tank interior inspections, civil aviation fuselage and wing inspections, and wall-cleaning in high-rise buildings.
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25
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Han X, Wang J, Wang X, Tian W, Dong Y, Jiang S. Finite Element Analysis of Strengthening Mechanism of Ultrastrong and Tough Cellulosic Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4490. [PMID: 36365485 PMCID: PMC9654337 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Superior strong and tough structural materials are highly desirable in engineering applications. However, it remains a big challenge to combine these two mutually exclusive mechanical properties into one body. In the work, an ultrastrong and tough cellulosic material was fabricated by a two-step process of delignification and water molecule-induced hydrogen bonding under compression. The strong and tough cellulosic material showed enhanced tensile strength (352 MPa vs. 56 MPa for natural wood) and toughness (4.1 MJ m-3 vs. 0.42 MJ m-3 for natural wood). The mechanical behaviors of ultrastrong and tough bulk material in a tensile state were simulated by finite element analysis (FEA) using mechanical parameters measured in the experiment. FEA results showed that the tensile strength and toughness gradually simultaneously improved with the increase in moisture content, demonstrating that water molecules played an active role in fabricating strong and tough materials, by plasticizing and forming hydrogen bonding among cellulose nanofibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yanyan Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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26
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Gröger B, Wang J, Bätzel T, Hornig A, Gude M. Modelling and Simulation Strategies for Fluid-Structure-Interactions of Highly Viscous Thermoplastic Melt and Single Fibres-A Numerical Study. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7241. [PMID: 36295308 PMCID: PMC9609902 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A virtual test setup for investigating single fibres in a transverse shear flow based on a parallel-plate rheometer is presented. The investigations are carried out to verify a numerical representation of the fluid-structure interaction (FSI), where Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are used and evaluated. Both are suitable to simulate flexible solid structures in a transverse shear flow. Comparative investigations with different model setups and increasing complexity are presented. It is shown, that the CFD method with an interface-based coupling approach is not capable of handling small fibre diameters in comparison to large fluid domains due to mesh dependencies at the interface definitions. The ALE method is more suited for this task since fibres are embedded without any mesh restrictions. Element types beam, solid, and discrete are considered for fibre modelling. It is shown that the beam formulation for ALE and 3D solid elements for the CFD method are the preferred options.
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27
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Zhou W, Wang H, Chen Y, Wang Y. A Methodology to Obtain the Accurate RVEs by a Multiscale Numerical Simulation of the 3D Braiding Process. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194210. [PMID: 36236158 PMCID: PMC9572426 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To accurately evaluate the mechanical performance of three-dimensional (3D) braiding composites, it is essential to consider the braiding process and generate realistic representative volume element (RVE) structures. An efficient simulation methodology based on truss elements was used to simulate the 3D four-directional (3D4D) braiding process utilizing the finite element method (FEM) on the macroscale. The goal was to obtain the spatial trajectories of yarns and establish the relationship between the braiding parameters and the preform structure. Based on the initial yarn topology, the yarns were discretized as bundles of virtual sub-yarns. Then, a temperature drop simulation using hybrid elements was implemented to deform the yarn cross-section and obtain the interior, surface, and corner cells on the mesoscale. The simulation results show good agreement with the experiment. A parametric study was deployed to identify the effect of the model input parameters on the computation cost and accuracy. Furthermore, the approach applies to the other braiding processes, such as the cylindrical braiding composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yizhe Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China
- Jiangsu Xinyang New Material Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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28
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Mishra RK, Behera BK, Chandan V, Nazari S, Muller M. Modeling and Simulation of Mechanical Performance in Textile Structural Concrete Composites Reinforced with Basalt Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194108. [PMID: 36236056 PMCID: PMC9571745 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation deals with the prediction of mechanical behavior in basalt-fiber-reinforced concrete using the finite element method (FEM). The use of fibers as reinforcement in concrete is a relatively new concept which results in several advantages over steel-reinforced concrete with respect to mechanical performance. Glass and polypropylene (PP) fibers have been extensively used for reinforcing concrete for decades, but basalt fibers have gained popularity in recent years due to their superior mechanical properties and compatibility with concrete. In this study, the mechanical properties of basalt-fiber-reinforced concrete are predicted using FEM analysis, and the model results are validated by conducting experiments. The effect of fiber-volume fraction on the selected mechanical performance of concrete is evaluated in detail. Significant improvement is observed when the loading is increased. There are superior mechanical properties, e.g., load bearing and strain energy in basalt-fiber-reinforced concrete as compared to conventional concrete slabs reinforced with gravel or stones. The results of the simulations are correlated with experimental samples and show a very high similarity. Basalt-fiber-reinforced concrete (BFRC) offers a lightweight construction material as compared to steel-fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC). Further, the problem of corrosion is overcome by using this novel fiber material in concrete composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Bijoya Kumar Behera
- Department of Textile Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vijay Chandan
- Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shabnam Nazari
- Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Muller
- Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
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29
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Ma QP, Mesicek J, Fojtik F, Hajnys J, Krpec P, Pagac M, Petru J. Residual Stress Build-Up in Aluminum Parts Fabricated with SLM Technology Using the Bridge Curvature Method. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15176057. [PMID: 36079438 PMCID: PMC9457910 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In metal 3D printing with Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology, due to large thermal gradients, the residual stress (RS) distribution is complicated to predict and control. RS can distort the shape of the components, causing severe failures in fabrication or functionality. Thus, several research papers have attempted to quantify the RS by designing geometries that distort in a predictable manner, including the Bridge Curvature Method (BCM). Being different from the existing literature, this paper provides a new perspective of the RS build-up in aluminum parts produced with SLM using a combination of experiments and simulations. In particular, the bridge samples are printed with AlSi10Mg, of which the printing process and the RS distribution are experimentally assessed with the Hole Drilling Method (HDM) and simulated using ANSYS and Simufact Additive. Subsequently, on the basis of the findings, suggestions for improvements to the BCM are made. Throughout the assessment of BCM, readers can gain insights on how RS is built-up in metallic 3D-printed components, some available tools, and their suitability for RS prediction. These are essential for practitioners to improve the precision and functionality of SLM parts should any post-subtractive or additive manufacturing processes be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc-Phu Ma
- Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Mesicek
- Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Fojtik
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Hajnys
- Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krpec
- V-NASS, A.S., Halasova 2938/1a, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Pagac
- Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Petru
- Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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30
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Chekotu JC, Kinahan D, Goodall R, Brabazon D. Influence of Structural Porosity and Martensite Evolution on Mechanical Characteristics of Nitinol via In-Silico Finite Element Approach. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5365. [PMID: 35955298 PMCID: PMC9369952 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitinol (NiTi) alloys are gaining extensive attention due to their excellent mechanical, superelasticity, and biocompatibility properties. It is difficult to model the complex mechanical behavior of NiTi alloys due to the solid-state diffusionless phase transformations, and the differing elasticity and plasticity presenting from these two phases. In this work, an Auricchio finite element (FE) model was used to model the mechanical behavior of superelastic NiTi and was validated with experimental data from literature. A Representative Volume Element (RVE) was used to simulate the NiTi microstructure, and a microscale study was performed to understand how the evolution of martensite phase from austenite affects the response of the material upon loading. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is an effective way to build complex NiTi components. Porosity being one of the major defects in Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) processes, the model was used to correlate the macroscale effect of porosity (1.4-83.4%) with structural stiffness, dissipated energy during phase transformations, and damping properties. The results collectively summarize the effectiveness of the Auricchio model and show that this model can aid engineers to plan NiTi processing and operational parameters, for example for heat pump, medical implant, actuator, and shock absorption applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Cherian Chekotu
- Advanced Metallic Systems Centre for Doctoral Training, I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Kinahan
- Advanced Metallic Systems Centre for Doctoral Training, I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Russell Goodall
- Advanced Metallic Systems Centre for Doctoral Training, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Dermot Brabazon
- Advanced Metallic Systems Centre for Doctoral Training, I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
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31
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Fegan KL, Green NC, Britton MM, Iqbal AJ, Thomas-Seale LEJ. Design and Simulation of the Biomechanics of Multi-Layered Composite Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Coronary Artery Grafts. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:883179. [PMID: 35833186 PMCID: PMC9272978 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.883179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is among the primary causes of death worldwide. While synthetic grafts allow replacement of diseased tissue, mismatched mechanical properties between graft and native tissue remains a major cause of graft failure. Multi-layered grafts could overcome these mechanical incompatibilities by mimicking the structural heterogeneity of the artery wall. However, the layer-specific biomechanics of synthetic grafts under physiological conditions and their impact on endothelial function is often overlooked and/or poorly understood. In this study, the transmural biomechanics of four synthetic graft designs were simulated under physiological pressure, relative to the coronary artery wall, using finite element analysis. Using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/gelatin cryogel as the representative biomaterial, the following conclusions are drawn: (I) the maximum circumferential stress occurs at the luminal surface of both the grafts and the artery; (II) circumferential stress varies discontinuously across the media and adventitia, and is influenced by the stiffness of the adventitia; (III) unlike native tissue, PVA/gelatin does not exhibit strain stiffening below diastolic pressure; and (IV) for both PVA/gelatin and native tissue, the magnitude of stress and strain distribution is heavily dependent on the constitutive models used to model material hyperelasticity. While these results build on the current literature surrounding PVA-based arterial grafts, the proposed method has exciting potential toward the wider design of multi-layer scaffolds. Such finite element analyses could help guide the future validation of multi-layered grafts for the treatment of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Fegan
- Physical Sciences for Health Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi C. Green
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie M. Britton
- School of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Asif J. Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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32
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Nain V, Engel T, Carin M, Boisselier D. Conventional Meso-Scale and Time-Efficient Sub-Track-Scale Thermomechanical Model for Directed Energy Deposition. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15124093. [PMID: 35744152 PMCID: PMC9230620 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Thermally-induced distortion and residual stresses in parts fabricated by the additive manufacturing (AM) process can lead to part rejection and failure. Still, the understanding of thermo-mechanical behavior induced due to the process physics in AM process is a complex task that depends upon process and material parameters. In this work, a 3D thermo-elasto-plastic model is proposed to predict the thermo-mechanical behavior (thermal and distortion field) in the laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) process using the finite element method (FEM). The predicted thermo-mechanical responses are compared to stainless steel 316L (SS 316L) deposition, with single and double bead 42-layer wall samples subject to different inter-layer dwell times, which govern the thermal response of deposited parts in LDED. In this work, the inter-layer dwell times used in experiments vary from 0 to 10 s. Based on past research into the LDED process, it is assumed that fusion and thermal cycle-induced annealing leads to stress relaxation in the material, and is accounted for in the model by instantaneously removing stresses beyond an inversely calibrated relaxation temperature. The model predicts that, for SS 316L, an increase in dwell time leads to a decrease in in situ and post-process distortion values. Moreover, increasing the number of beads leads to an increase in in situ and post-process distortion values. The calibrated numerical model's predictions are accurate when compared with in situ and post-process experimental measurements. Finally, an elongated ellipsoid heat source model is proposed to speed up the simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Nain
- Irepa Laser, Parc d’Innovation, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France;
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, 56100 Lorient, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-03-88-65-54-00
| | - Thierry Engel
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 67084 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Muriel Carin
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, 56100 Lorient, France;
| | - Didier Boisselier
- Irepa Laser, Parc d’Innovation, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France;
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Alshahrani H, Sebaey TA. Effect of Embedded Thin-Plies on the Charpy Impact Properties of CFRP Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1929. [PMID: 35567097 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, different configurations of epoxy composite laminates that contained thin plies were prepared and characterised for sudden impact load bearing applications. The primary aim of this investigation was to develop a hybrid epoxy-based thin ply composite for aerospace and automotive applications that would be tolerant of high impacts. The impact properties of the selected configurations were investigated both experimentally and numerically under low-velocity Charpy impact loading conditions. Furthermore, any damage to the laminates was evaluated with an emphasis on the identification of dominant damage mechanisms and locations. This included a comparison between the laminates that were made from traditional plies and the thin ply laminates in terms of their absorbed energy and failure modes. The results revealed that the integration of thin plies into normal ply had a major effect on the amount of absorbed energy under flatwise conditions: up to 8.7 J at a cut-off angle of 90°. However, edgewise conditions produced a maximum observed energy of 10.0 J for the thin plies that were surrounded by normal plies (Plate 3). The damage assessments showed the increased damage resistance of the hybrid thin ply composites due to their uniform stress distribution. The traditional ply composites incurred large deformations from the impact loads. Moreover, it was noted that delamination formed in the middle regions of the traditional plies. The FEM model analysis revealed that it was capable of accurately predicting the absorbed energy for different configurations of composites, which were prepared and analysed experimentally. Both the experimental and numerical values were very similar to each other. These impact damage assessments improved the thin ply composites so that they could be used as working materials for applications that are prone to high loads, such as the aerospace, defence, automotive and structural industries.
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Vrána R, Koutecký T, Červinek O, Zikmund T, Pantělejev L, Kaiser J, Koutný D. Deviations of the SLM Produced Lattice Structures and Their Influence on Mechanical Properties. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:3144. [PMID: 35591477 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technology suitable for producing cellular lattice structures using fine metal powder and a laser beam. However, the shape and dimensional deviations occur on the thin struts during manufacturing, influencing the mechanical properties of the structure. There are attempts in the literature to describe the actual shape of the struts’ geometry, however, on a smaller data sample only, and there is a lack of a universal FEA material model applicable to a wider range of lattice structure diameters. To describe the actual dimensions of the struts, a set of lattice structures, with diameters ranging from 0.6 to 3.0 mm, were manufactured using SLM. These samples were digitized using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and fully analyzed for shape and dimensions. The results show large deviations in diameters of inscribed and circumscribed cylinders, indicating an elliptical shape of the struts. With increasing lattice structure diameter, the deviations decreased. In terms of the effect of the shape and dimensions on the mechanical properties, the Gaussian cylinder was found to describe struts in the diameter range of 1.5 to 3.0 mm sufficiently well. For smaller diameters, it is appropriate to represent the actual cross-section by an ellipse. The use of substitute ellipses, in combination with the compression test results, has resulted in FEA material model that can be used for the 0.6 to 3.0 mm struts’ diameter range. The model has fixed Young’s and tangential modules for these diameters and is controlled only by the yield strength parameter (YST).
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Pietrusiak D, Wróbel J, Czechowski M, Fiebig W. Dynamic NVH Numerical Analysis of Power Steering in the Presence of Lubricant in the System. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15072406. [PMID: 35407739 PMCID: PMC8999582 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing shift towards hybrid and electric vehicles has a strong impact on noise and vibration engineering. New, complex dynamic phenomena are brought to vehicle user attention due to the absence of internal combustion engines and the significant role in vehicle and drive feel perception. This paper presents an FEM (Finite Element Method) dynamic simulation model of an automotive Electric Power Steering assembly. Preliminary modal simulations and experiments as well as field data replication techniques were implemented to identify the phenomena and prepare and validate model components. A full dynamic model of an Electric Power Steering was presented, and fine-tuned including the presence of lubrication at the gear mesh interface. Experimental investigations were conducted alongside FEM simulations for various model setups. Linear and nonlinear contact stiffness models were implemented, as well as contact damping, and simulated at chosen assembly interfaces. The results indicated that in the case of NVH (Noise Vibration and Harshness) analysis of shock/impact originating problems, contact parameters used for static, quasi-static, and low velocity analyses were not applicable. Nonlinear and damped contact stiffness provided better results in such a case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Pietrusiak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (W.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jakub Wróbel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (W.F.)
| | - Mateusz Czechowski
- Nexteer Automotive Poland, NVH Department, Towarowa 6, 43-100 Tychy, Poland;
| | - Wiesław Fiebig
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (W.F.)
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Smolana A, Klemczak B, Azenha M, Schlicke D. Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Mass Concrete Foundation Slabs at Early Age-Essential Aspects and Experiences from the FE Modelling. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15051815. [PMID: 35269046 PMCID: PMC8911821 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the focus is placed on essential aspects of finite element modelling of thermo-mechanical behaviour of massive foundation slabs at early ages. Basic decision-making issues are discussed in this work: the potential need to explicitly consider the casting process in the modelling, the necessary size of the underlying soil to be modelled and the size of the FE mesh, and the need of considering daily changes of the environmental temperature and the temperature distribution over the depth of the soil. Next, the contribution of shrinkage to early age stresses, the role of the reinforcement, and the type of mechanical model are investigated. Comparative analyses aiming to investigate the most important aspects of the FE model and some possible simplifications with negligible effect on the results are made on the example of a massive foundation slab. Finally, the results are summarized with recommendations for creating the FE models of massive slabs at early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Smolana
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Klemczak
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Miguel Azenha
- ISISE, Campus de Azurem, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Dirk Schlicke
- Institute of Structural Concrete, Graz University of Technology, Lessingstraße 25/1, A-8010 Graz, Austria;
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Antony Samy A, Golbang A, Harkin-Jones E, Archer E, Dahale M, McIlhagger A. Influence of Ambient Temperature on Part Distortion: A Simulation Study on Amorphous and Semi-Crystalline Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:879. [PMID: 35267702 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-crystalline polymers develop higher amounts of residual stress and part distortion (warpage) compared to amorphous polymers due to their crystalline nature. Additionally, the FDM processing parameters such as ambient temperature play an important role in the resulting residual stresses and part distortion of the printed part. Hence, in this study, the effect of ambient temperature on the in-built residual stresses and warpage of amorphous acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and semi-crystalline polypropylene (PP) polymers was investigated. From the results, it was observed that increasing the ambient temperature from 50 °C to 75 °C and further to 120 °C resulted in 0.22-KPa and 0.37-KPa decreases in residual stress of ABS, but no significant change in the amount of warpage. For PP, increasing ambient temperature from 50 °C to 75 °C led to a more considerable decrease in residual stress (0.5 MPa) and about 3% increase in warpage. Further increasing to 120 °C resulted in a noticeable 2 MPa decrease in residual stress and a 3.4% increase in warpage. Reduction in residual stress in both ABS and PP as a result of increasing ambient temperature was due to the reduced thermal gradients. The enhanced warpage in PP with increase in ambient temperature, despite the reduction in residual stress, was ascribed to crystallization and shrinkage.
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Zhang X, Li MQ, Guo J, Yang HW, Yu J, Li GJ. An analysis of the optimal intrusion force of the maxillary central incisor with root horizontal resorption using the finite element method and curve fitting. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2021; 25:1471-1486. [PMID: 34964691 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.2017904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There are no studies on the optimal intrusion force in orthodontic patients with the existing root resorption (RR). The study aimed to analyze the optimal intrusion force for central incisors with existing horizontal root resorption using the finite element method (FEM). We calculated the optimal intrusion force using the finite element method and curve fitting. We found that with the increase of the maxillary central incisor's root horizontal resorption length, the optimal intrusion force interval's median gradually increases. If the resorption length is more significant than 1/2 of the root length, it is not recommended to use intrusion force theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min-Qi Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Guo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Heng-Wei Yang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Yu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-Ju Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Galloy AE, Raghuram A, Nino MA, Varon Miller A, Sabotin R, Osorno-Cruz C, Samaniego EA, Raghavan SML, Hasan D. Analysis of Cerebral Aneurysm Wall Tension and Enhancement Using Finite Element Analysis and High-Resolution Vessel Wall Imaging. Front Neurol 2021; 12:764063. [PMID: 34956050 PMCID: PMC8702555 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.764063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical computational simulation of intracranial aneurysms has become a promising method for predicting features of instability leading to aneurysm growth and rupture. Hemodynamic analysis of aneurysm behavior has helped investigate the complex relationship between features of aneurysm shape, morphology, flow patterns, and the proliferation or degradation of the aneurysm wall. Finite element analysis paired with high-resolution vessel wall imaging can provide more insight into how exactly aneurysm morphology relates to wall behavior, and whether wall enhancement can describe this phenomenon. In a retrospective analysis of 23 unruptured aneurysms, finite element analysis was conducted using an isotropic, homogenous third order polynomial material model. Aneurysm wall enhancement was quantified on 2D multiplanar views, with 14 aneurysms classified as enhancing (CRstalk≥0.6) and nine classified as non-enhancing. Enhancing aneurysms had a significantly higher 95th percentile wall tension (μ = 0.77 N/cm) compared to non-enhancing aneurysms (μ = 0.42 N/cm, p < 0.001). Wall enhancement remained a significant predictor of wall tension while accounting for the effects of aneurysm size (p = 0.046). In a qualitative comparison, low wall tension areas concentrated around aneurysm blebs. Aneurysms with irregular morphologies may show increased areas of low wall tension. The biological implications of finite element analysis in intracranial aneurysms are still unclear but may provide further insights into the complex process of bleb formation and aneurysm rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E Galloy
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ashrita Raghuram
- Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Marco A Nino
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Alberto Varon Miller
- Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ryan Sabotin
- Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Carlos Osorno-Cruz
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Edgar A Samaniego
- Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Suresh M L Raghavan
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - David Hasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Ahirwar H, Sahu A, Gupta VK, Kumar P, Nanda HS. Design and finite element analysis of femoral stem prosthesis using functional graded materials. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2021; 25:1262-1275. [PMID: 34939875 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.2006648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Conventionally biometals were used for design and development of bioimplants. However, the Young's Modulus (YM) of these bioimplants is higher than that of a natural bone. Asymmetric load transfer from a bone to the bioimplant results in aseptic loosening and stress shielding. Here-in, the use of functionally graded materials (FGM) has been introduced to design the femoral stem prosthesis as a model bioimplant using computational biomechanics. The material properties variations in these FGMs in longitudinal and radial directions are explored to minimize the aseptic loosening and stress-shielding that plays a vital role in defining the performance and longevity of the prosthesis. Three groups of FGM (Ti-HA, SS316L-HA and CoCr alloy-HA) have been explored to design the stem prosthesis and the finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out using computational biomechanics. The stress distribution profile in the designed stem prosthesis demonstrated an increase in the stress values with an increase in the volume fraction exponent. The results corroborated with the stress distribution obtained from the simulation results of a cortico-cancellous bone. The stress distribution in the Ti-HA prosthesis is observed to be more uniform than CoCr-HA and SS316L-HA prosthesis. In addition, the reduced number of stress shielding points were observed for the Ti-HA prosthesis when compared with the CoCr-HA and SS 316 L-HA stem prostheses. Hence, the results suggested that the Ti-HA prosthesis could be considered as a mechanically stable prosthesis and the same could offer safe design for further development of a femoral bioimplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbhajan Ahirwar
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science (MITS), Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Sahu
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Gupta
- Design and Vibrations Laboratory, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prasoon Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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De Luca A, Perfetto D, Lamanna G, Aversano A, Caputo F. Numerical Investigation on Guided Waves Dispersion and Scattering Phenomena in Stiffened Panels. Materials (Basel) 2021; 15:ma15010074. [PMID: 35009223 PMCID: PMC8746058 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to propose a numerical methodology based on the finite element (FE) method to investigate the dispersive behavior of guided waves transmitted, converted, and reflected by reinforced aluminum and composite structures, highlighting their differences. The dispersion curves of such modes can help designers in improving the damage detection sensitivity of Lamb wave based structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. A preliminary phase has been carried out to assess the reliability of the modelling technique. The accuracy of the results has been demonstrated for aluminum and composite flat panels by comparing them against experimental tests and semi-analytical data, respectively. Since the good agreement, the FE method has been used to analyze the phenomena of dispersion, scattering, and mode conversion in aluminum and composite panels characterized by a structural discontinuity, as a stiffener. The research activity allowed emphasizing modes conversion at the stiffener, offering new observations with respect to state of the art. Converted modes propagate with a slightly slower speed than the incident ones. Reflected waves, instead, have been found to travel with the same velocity of the incident ones. Moreover, waves reflected in the composite stiffened plate appeared different from those that occurred in the aluminum one for the aspects herein discussed.
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Catana DI, Pop MA, Brus DI. Comparison between Tests and Simulations Regarding Bending Resistance of 3D Printed PLA Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4371. [PMID: 34960922 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing is one of the technologies that is beginning to be used in new fields of parts production, but it is also a technology that is constantly evolving, due to the advances made by researchers and printing equipment. The paper presents how, by using the simulation process, the geometry of the 3D printed structures from PLA and PLA-Glass was optimized at the bending stress. The optimization aimed to reduce the consumption of filament (material) simultaneously with an increase in the bending resistance. In addition, this paper demonstrates that the simulation process can only be applied with good results to 3D printed structures when their mechanical properties are known. The inconsistency of printing process parameters makes the 3D printed structures not homogeneous and, consequently, the occurrence of errors between the test results and those of simulations become natural and acceptable. The mechanical properties depend on the values of the printing process parameters and the printing equipment because, in the case of 3D printing, it is necessary for each combination of parameters to determine their mechanical properties through specific tests.
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Demirbas AE, Ekici R, Karakaya M, Alkan A. Bone stress and damage distributions during dental implant insertion: a novel dynamic FEM analysis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2021; 25:1381-1392. [PMID: 34898341 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.2012765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the stress and damage occurring on the bone model of D2 quality during implant insertion procedure using a novel dynamic finite element analysis (FEA) modeling. Three-dimensional finite element method was used to simulate the implant placement into the mandible. The cross-sectional model of the implant was created in SolidWorks 2007 software. The implant model was created to resemble a commercially available fine thread bone level dental implant (Bilimplant®, Turkey). 3 D bone models created with and without cortical bone drilling were specified according to D2 bone (Misch's Bone Classification) with a 1.5 mm cortical bone thickness. The stress patterns in both cancellous and cortical crestal bone were examined during implant insertion by using a novel dynamic FEA in ABACUS/Explicit (ABAQUS/Explicit version 6.14). According to the results of the dynamic FEA, it was reduced stress and damage significantly on the crestal bone region using the cortical drill before the implantation. Also, implant placement time was shorter when the cortical drill was used. The present research is a pilot study using a novel dynamic FEM to model and simulate the dental implant insertion process. This study showed that the use of cortical drills decreased the stress in the bone, especially crestal region, and shortened the whole implant insertion time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Emin Demirbas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Recep Ekici
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Karakaya
- Depratment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sultanbeyli Oral and Dental Health Hospital, Ministry of Health, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Alkan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Tawfik AB, Mahfouz SY, Taher SEDF. Nonlinear ABAQUS Simulations for Notched Concrete Beams. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14237349. [PMID: 34885502 PMCID: PMC8658362 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The numerical simulation of concrete fracture is difficult because of the brittle, inelastic-nonlinear nature of concrete. In this study, notched plain and reinforced concrete beams were investigated numerically to study their flexural response using different crack simulation techniques in ABAQUS. The flexural response was expressed by hardening and softening regime, flexural capacity, failure ductility, damage initiation and propagation, fracture energy, crack path, and crack mouth opening displacement. The employed techniques were the contour integral technique (CIT), the extended finite element method (XFEM), and the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). A parametric study regarding the initial notch-to-depth ratio (ao/D), the shear span-to-depth ratio (S.S/D), and external post-tensioning (EPT) were investigated. It was found that both XFEM and VCCT produced better results, but XFEM had better flexural simulation. Contrarily, the CIT models failed to express the softening behavior and to capture the crack path. Furthermore, the flexural capacity was increased after reducing the (ao/D) and after decreasing the S.S/D. Additionally, using EPT increased the flexural capacity, showed the ductile flexural response, and reduced the flexural softening. Moreover, using reinforcement led to more ductile behavior, controlled damage propagation, and a dramatic increase in the flexural capacity. Furthermore, CIT showed reliable results for reinforced concrete beams, unlike plain concrete beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bahgat Tawfik
- Construction and Building Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), B 2401 Smart Village, Giza 12577, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sameh Youssef Mahfouz
- Construction and Building Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), B 2401 Smart Village, Giza 12577, Egypt;
| | - Salah El-Din Fahmy Taher
- Professor of Concrete Structures, Structural Engineering Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
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Lupășteanu V, Ungureanu D, Țăranu N, Isopescu DN, Lupășteanu R, Mihai P. Structural Response of Bonded Joints between FRP Composite Strips and Steel Plates. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14216722. [PMID: 34772248 PMCID: PMC8588173 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the outcomes of an experimental and numerical study performed on epoxy-bonded single lap joints (SLJs) between carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite strips and steel elements. For the experimental program, 34 specimens were prepared by varying the type of the composite strip and the type of adhesives and their thicknesses; all specimens were loaded in axial tension up to failure. The specific failure mechanisms were identified and commented on the basis of the performed tests, and the load-displacement curves were plotted. Additionally, the strain distributions along the bond lengths at different load stages, the shear stress-displacements (slip) variations and the stress-strain distributions for the CFRP strips were plotted and investigated. The numerical simulations, based on 3D finite element method (FEM) analysis, provided consistent results, in good agreement with the experimental ones for all parameters that were investigated and discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Lupășteanu
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, 43 Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iaşi, Romania; (V.L.); (N.Ț.); (D.N.I.); (R.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Dragoș Ungureanu
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, 43 Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iaşi, Romania; (V.L.); (N.Ț.); (D.N.I.); (R.L.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicolae Țăranu
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, 43 Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iaşi, Romania; (V.L.); (N.Ț.); (D.N.I.); (R.L.); (P.M.)
- The Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, 050094 Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Dorina Nicolina Isopescu
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, 43 Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iaşi, Romania; (V.L.); (N.Ț.); (D.N.I.); (R.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Radu Lupășteanu
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, 43 Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iaşi, Romania; (V.L.); (N.Ț.); (D.N.I.); (R.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Petru Mihai
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, 43 Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iaşi, Romania; (V.L.); (N.Ț.); (D.N.I.); (R.L.); (P.M.)
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El-Sayed TA. Axial Compression Behavior of Ferrocement Geopolymer HSC Columns. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213789. [PMID: 34771346 PMCID: PMC8586971 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Geopolymer concrete (GC) is a substantial sort that is created by utilizing metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), silica fumes, fly ash, and other cementitious materials as binding ingredients. The current study concentrated on the structural behavior of the ferrocement geopolymer HSC-columns subjected to axial loading and produced using rice straw ash (RSA). The major goal of this research was to use the unique features of the ferrocement idea to manufacture members that function as columns bearing members. As they are more cost-effective and lower in weight, these designed elements can replace traditional RC members. The study also intended to reduce the cost of producing new parts by utilizing low-cost materials such as light weight expanded and welded wire meshes, polyethylene mesh (Tensar), and fiber glass mesh. For this purpose, an experimental plan was conducted and a finite element prototype with ANSYS2019-R1 was implemented. Nine geopolymer ferrocement columns of dimensions of 150 mm × 150 mm × 1600 mm with different volume-fraction and layers as well as a number of metallic and nonmetallic meshes were examined under axial compression loading until failure. The performance of the geopolymer columns was examined with consideration to the mid-span deflection, ultimate failure load, first crack load with various phases of loading, the cracking patterns, energy absorption and ductility index. Expanded or welded ferrocement geopolymer columns showed greater ultimate failure loads than the control column. Additionally, using expanded or welded columns had a considerable effect on ultimate failure loads, where the welded wire mesh exhibited almost 28.10% compared with the expanded wire mesh. Columns reinforced with one-layer of nonmetallic Tensar-mesh obtained a higher ultimate failure load than all tested columns without concrete cover spalling. The analytical and experimental results were in good agreement. The results displayed an accepted performance of the ferrocement geopolymer HSC-columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Awadallah El-Sayed
- Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo 11629, Egypt
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Mohsin MAA, Iannucci L, Greenhalgh ES. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Low-Velocity Impact of Carbon Fibre-Based Non-Crimp Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3642. [PMID: 34771199 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a lot of interest in understanding the low-velocity impact (LVI) response of thermoplastic composites. However, little research has focussed on studying the impact behaviour of non-crimp fabric (NCF)-based fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the LVI responses of two types of non-crimp fabric (NCF) carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic laminated composites that have been considered attractive in the automotive and aerospace industry: (i) T700/polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6) and (ii) T700/polyphenylene sulphide (PPS). Each carbon/thermoplastic type was impacted at three different energy levels (40, 100 and 160 J), which were determined to achieve three degrees of penetrability, i.e., no penetration, partial penetration and full penetration, respectively. Two distinct non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques ((i) ultrasonic C-scanning and (ii) X-ray tomography) were used to assess the extent of damage after impact. The laminated composite plates were subjected to an out-of-plane, localised impact using an INSTRON® drop-weight tower with a hemispherical impactor measuring 16 mm in diameter. The time histories of force, deflection and velocity are reported and discussed. A nonlinear finite element model of the LVI phenomenon was developed using a finite element (FE) solver LS-DYNA® and validated against the experimental observations. The extent of damage observed and level of impact energy absorption calculated on both the experiment and FE analysis are compared and discussed.
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Abdullahi Hassan Y, Chen L, Geng X, Jiang Z, Zhang F, Luo S, Hu H. Electrocaloric Effect of Structural Configurated Ferroelectric Polymer Nanocomposites for Solid-State Refrigeration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:46681-46693. [PMID: 34546697 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To successfully complete the design of high-performance electrocaloric devices for advanced flexible cooling systems, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the optimization of composite materials, structural design of nanocomposites, and device integration. The cooling power density and energy storage density of various structural configurated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based polymer nanocomposites are investigated using a phase-field model through the general formulation of a partial differential equation of COMSOL Multiphysics and finite element analysis through Maxwell's equation of conservation of charge. It is revealed that ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites composed of boron nitrate fibers (BNf) + BCZT@BaTiO3(f) + PVDF possess the optimal result regarding their cooling power as well as the energy storage density. The cooling power density of the core-shell-structured BNf + BCZT@BaTiO3(f) + PVDF nanocomposites is evaluated as a function of the volume content, frequency, and electric field, where a remarkable cooling power density of 162.2 W/cm3 is achieved at 4 Hz with energy storage density of 33.4 J/cm3 under a 500 MV/m field. Therefore, by performing the systematic study of the electrocaloric effect in structural configurated ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites for solid-state refrigeration, this opens an avenue for developing remarkably improved power density with reduced weight in aerospace energy storage technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Abdullahi Hassan
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Research Center in Intelligent Thermal Structures for Aerospace, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xinwei Geng
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zheye Jiang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Key Lab of Clay Mineral Functional Materials in China Building Materials Industry, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shibin Luo
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Research Center in Intelligent Thermal Structures for Aerospace, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Research Center in Intelligent Thermal Structures for Aerospace, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Nudel I, Pokhojaev A, Bitterman Y, Shpack N, Fiorenza L, Benazzi S, Sarig R. Secondary Dentin Formation Mechanism: The Effect of Attrition. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:9961. [PMID: 34639261 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18199961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human dentin consists of a primary layer produced during tooth formation in early childhood and a second layer which first forms upon tooth eruption and continues throughout life, termed secondary dentin (SD). The effect of attrition on SD formation was considered to be confined to the area subjacent to attrition facets. However, due to a lack of three-dimensional methodologies to demonstrate the structure of the SD, this association could not be determined. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to explore the thickening pattern of the SD in relation to the amount of occlusal and interproximal attrition. A total of 30 premolars (50-60 years of age) with varying attrition rates were evaluated using micro-computerized tomography. The results revealed thickening of the SD below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), mostly in the mesial and distal aspects of the root (p < 0.05). The pattern of thickening under the tooth cervix, rather than in proximity to attrition facets, was consistent regardless of the attrition level. The amount of SD thickening mildly correlated with occlusal attrition (r = 0.577, p < 0.05) and not with interproximal attrition. The thickening of the SD below the CEJ coincided with previous finite element models, suggesting that this area is mostly subjected to stress due to occlusal loadings. Therefore, we suggest that the SD formation might serve as a compensatory mechanism aimed to strengthen tooth structure against deflection caused by mechanical loading. Our study suggests that occlusal forces may play a significant role in SD formation.
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Çetin A, Bircan DA. 3D pull-out finite element simulation of the pedicle screw-trabecular bone interface at strain rates. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2021; 236:134-144. [PMID: 34479459 DOI: 10.1177/09544119211044560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical experimental studies such as pull-out (PO), screw loosening experience variability mechanical properties of fresh bone, legal procedures of cadaver bone samples and time-consuming problems. Finite Element Method (FEM) could overcome experimental problems in biomechanics. However, material modelling of bone is quite difficult, which has viscoelastic and viscoplastic properties. The study presents a bone material model which is constructed at the strain rates with the Johnson-Cook (JC) material model, one of the robust constitutive material models. The JC material constants of trabecular bone are determined by the curve fitting method at strain rates for the 3D PO finite element simulation, which defines the screw-bone interface relationship. The PO simulation is performed using the Abaqus/CAE software program. Bone fracture mechanisms are simulated with dynamic/explicit solutions during the PO phenomenon. The paper exposes whether the strain rate has effects on the PO performance. Moreover, simulation reveals the relationship between pedicle screw diameter and PO performance. The results obtained that the maximum pull-out force (POF) improves as both the screw diameter and the strain rate increase. For 5.5 mm diameter pedicle screw POFs were 487, 517 and 1708 N at strain rate 0.00015, 0.015 and 0.015 s-1, respectively. The FOFs obtained from the simulation of the other screw were 730, 802 and 2008 N at strain rates 0.00015, 0.0015 and 0.015, respectively. PO phenomenon was also simulated realistically in the finite element analysis (FEA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Çetin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Durmuş Ali Bircan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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