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Weiyan D, Chen X, Zhang Y, Li X, Sun F, Yang Z, Tang X, Zhou C, Wang F, Zhao X. High Frequency Ultrasound Transducer Based on Sm-Doped Pb(Mg 1/3Nb 2/3)O 3-0.28PbTiO 3 Ceramic for Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2024; 46:312-319. [PMID: 39189365 DOI: 10.1177/01617346241271119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Sm-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.28PbTiO3 (PMN-0.28PT) ceramic has been reported to exhibit very large piezoelectric response (d33~1300 pC/N) that can be comparable with PMN-0.30PT single crystal. Based on the Sm-doped PMN-0.28PT ceramics, a high frequency ultrasound transducer with the center frequency above 30 MHz has been designed and fabricated for intravascular ultrasound imaging, and the performance of the transducer was investigated via ultrasound pulse-echo tests. Further, for a porcine vessel wall, the 2D and 3D ultrasound images were constructed using signal acquisition and processing from the fabricated high-frequency transducer. The obtained details of the vessel wall by the IVUS transducer indicate that Sm-doped PMN-0.28PT ceramic is a promising candidate for high frequency transducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Weiyan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingfei Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongcheng Zhang
- School of Physics, University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Applied Physics Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenglong Sun
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoping Yang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Tang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Changjiang Zhou
- Department of sonography, People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Device, Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Device, Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Nafee T, Shah A, Forsberg M, Zheng J, Ou J. State-of-art review: intravascular imaging in percutaneous coronary interventions. CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2023; 8:227-246. [PMID: 38304487 PMCID: PMC10829907 DOI: 10.1097/cp9.0000000000000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The history of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) reflects the relentless pursuit of innovation in interventional cardiology. These intravascular imaging technologies have played a pivotal role in our understanding of coronary atherosclerosis, vascular pathology, and the interaction of coronary stents with the vessel wall. Two decades of clinical investigations demonstrating the clinical efficacy and safety of intravascular imaging modalities have established these technologies as staples in the contemporary cardiac catheterization lab's toolbox and earning their place in revascularization clinical practice guidelines. In this comprehensive review, we will delve into the historical evolution, mechanisms, and technical aspects of IVUS and OCT. We will discuss the expanding evidence supporting their use in complex percutaneous coronary interventions, emphasizing their crucial roles in optimizing patient outcomes and ensuring procedural success. Furthermore, we will explore the substantial advances that have propelled these imaging modalities to the forefront of contemporary interventional cardiology. Finally, we will survey the latest developments in the field and explore the promising future directions that have the potential to further revolutionize coronary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Nafee
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63106, USA
| | - Areeb Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Michael Forsberg
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63106, USA
| | - Jingsheng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center, Pomona, NJ 08240, USA
| | - Jiafu Ou
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63106, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Caiazzo G, Di Mario C, Kedhi E, De Luca G. Current Management of Highly Calcified Coronary Lesions: An Overview of the Current Status. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4844. [PMID: 37510959 PMCID: PMC10381772 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The amount of coronary calcium strongly correlates with the degree of atherosclerosis and, therefore, with the rate of future cardiac events. Calcified coronary lesions still represent a challenge for interventional cardiologists, bringing not only a higher risk of immediate complications during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), but also a higher risk of late stent failure due to under-expansion and/or malapposition, and therefore, have a relevant prognostic impact. Accurate identification of the calcified plaques together with the analysis of their distribution pattern within the vessel wall by intracoronary imaging is important to improve the successful treatment of these lesions. The aim of this review is to guide readers through the assessment of the calcified plaque distribution using intracoronary imaging in order to select the best devices and strategies for plaque debulking and lesion preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Caiazzo
- ICCU, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, ASL CE, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Carlo Di Mario
- Structural Interventional Cardiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elvin Kedhi
- Erasmus Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Division of Cardiology, AOU Policlinico G Martino, 98124 Messina, Italy
- IRCCS Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Baruś P, Piasecki A, Gumiężna K, Bednarek A, Dunaj P, Głód M, Sadowski K, Ochijewicz D, Rdzanek A, Pietrasik A, Grabowski M, Kochman J, Tomaniak M. Multimodality OCT, IVUS and FFR evaluation of coronary intermediate grade lesions in women vs. men. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1021023. [PMID: 37424919 PMCID: PMC10325624 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1021023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of atherosclerotic plaque formation and its vulnerability seem to differ between genders due to contrasting risk profiles and sex hormones, however this process is still insufficiently understood. The aim of the study was to compare the differences between sexes regarding the optical coherence tomography (OCT), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and fractional flow reserve (FFR)-derived coronary plaque indices. Methods In this single-center multimodality imaging study patients with intermediate grade coronary stenoses identified in coronary angiogram (CAG) were evaluated using OCT, IVUS and FFR. Stenoses were considered significant when the FFR value was ≤0.8. Minimal lumen area (MLA), was analyzed by OCT in addition to plaque stratification into fibrotic, calcific, lipidic and thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA). IVUS was used for evaluation of lumen-, plaque- and vessel volume, as well as plaque burden. Results A total of 112 patients (88 men and 24 women) with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS), who underwent CAG were enrolled. No significant differences in baseline characteristics were present between the study groups. The mean FFR was 0.76 (0.73-0.86) in women and 0.78 ± 0.12 in men (p = 0.695). OCT evaluation showed a higher prevalence of calcific plaques among women than men p = 0.002 whereas lipid plaques were more frequent in men (p = 0.04). No significant differences regarding minimal lumen diameter and minimal lumen area were found between the sexes. In IVUS analysis women presented with significantly smaller vessel area, plaque area, plaque volume, vessel volume (11.1 ± 3.3 mm2 vs. 15.0 ± 4.6 mm2 p = 0.001, 6.04 ± 1.7 mm2 vs. 9.24 ± 2.89 mm2 p < 0.001, 59.8 ± 35.2 mm3 vs. 96.3 (52.5-159.1) mm3 p = 0.005, 106.9 ± 59.8 mm3 vs. 153.3 (103-253.4) mm3 p = 0.015 respectively). At MLA site plaque burden was significantly greater for men than women (61.50 ± 7.7% vs. 55.5 ± 8.0% p = 0.005). Survival did not differ significantly between women and men (94.6 ± 41.9 months and 103.51 ± 36.7 months respectively; p = 0.187). Conclusion The presented study did not demonstrate significant differences in FFR values between women and men, yet a higher prevalence of calcific plaques by OCT and lower plaque burden at the MLA site by IVUS was found in women vs. men.
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Baruś P, Modrzewski J, Gumiężna K, Dunaj P, Głód M, Bednarek A, Wańha W, Roleder T, Kochman J, Tomaniak M. Comparative Appraisal of Intravascular Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography in Invasive Coronary Imaging: 2022 Update. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144055. [PMID: 35887819 PMCID: PMC9324054 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although coronary angiography has been well established as a standard modality for percutaneous coronary intervention guidance, recent developments in intravascular imaging techniques, such as intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography, have become increasingly adopted, enabling direct detailed lesion visualization, including lesions beyond the scope of assessment using exclusively angiography. Intravascular imaging modalities have been reported to potentially improve both short- and long-term percutaneous intervention outcomes. This review aims to provide a comparative summary of recent advancements in research regarding the clinical applications and outcomes of intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Baruś
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.B.); (J.M.); (K.G.); (P.D.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Jakub Modrzewski
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.B.); (J.M.); (K.G.); (P.D.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Karolina Gumiężna
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.B.); (J.M.); (K.G.); (P.D.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Piotr Dunaj
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.B.); (J.M.); (K.G.); (P.D.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Marcin Głód
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.B.); (J.M.); (K.G.); (P.D.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Adrian Bednarek
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.B.); (J.M.); (K.G.); (P.D.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Wojciech Wańha
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Roleder
- Department of Cardiology, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Janusz Kochman
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.B.); (J.M.); (K.G.); (P.D.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Mariusz Tomaniak
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.B.); (J.M.); (K.G.); (P.D.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-599-19-51
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García-García HM, Finizio M, Del Val D, Rivero F, Waksman R, Alfonso F. High-definition intravascular ultrasound: current clinical uses. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING 2022; 38:1213-1220. [PMID: 38819587 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides grayscale images of the entire vessel wall, and its technology has recently been improved, resulting in more accurate tissue characterization. Compared with conventional IVUS, high-definition (HD) IVUS provides better resolution, better image quality, faster acquisition and integration of processing tools for more efficient cath lab workflow. HD-IVUS includes transducers with higher frequencies (≥ 45 MHz), allowing a higher near field resolution combined with enough tissue penetration for a more precise assessment of the entire vessel wall. HD-IVUS preserves the potential advantages of conventional (40 MHz) IVUS over optical coherence tomography by adding a substantially higher spatial resolution. For this reason, this technology has generated increasing interest among interventional cardiologists and researchers to provide better detailed morphological evaluation on complicated plaques in acute coronary syndrome patients and better stent optimization. In this review, we provide the state-of-the-art on this technology and its current clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor M García-García
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW, Suite 4B-1, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Michael Finizio
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW, Suite 4B-1, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - David Del Val
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IIS-IP, CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivero
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IIS-IP, CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ron Waksman
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW, Suite 4B-1, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Fernando Alfonso
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IIS-IP, CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
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Verification of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Based on the Clinical Validation Platform Using a Rat Model with Human Skull. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111429. [PMID: 34827428 PMCID: PMC8615862 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods to improve drug delivery efficiency through blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) based on microbubbles and focused ultrasound (FUS) are continuously being studied. However, most studies are being conducted in preclinical trial environments using small animals. The use of the human skull shows differences between the clinical and preclinical trials. BBBD results from preclinical trials are difficult to represent in clinical trials because various distortions of ultrasound by the human skull are excluded in the former. Therefore, in our study, a clinical validation platform based on a preclinical trial environment, using a human skull fragment and a rat model, was developed to induce BBBD under conditions similar to clinical trials. For this, a human skull fragment was inserted between the rat head and a 250 kHz FUS transducer, and optimal ultrasound parameters for the free field (without human skull fragment) and human skull (with human skull fragment) were derived by 300 mVpp and 700 mVpp, respectively. BBBD was analyzed according to each case using magnetic resonance images, Evans blue dye, cavitation, and histology. Although it was confirmed using magnetic resonance images and Evans blue dye that a BBB opening was induced in each case, multiple BBB openings were observed in the brain tissues. This phenomenon was analyzed by numerical simulation, and it was confirmed to be due to standing waves owing to the small skull size of the rat model. The stable cavitation doses (SCDh and SCDu) in the human skull decreased by 13.6- and 5.3-fold, respectively, compared to those in the free field. Additionally, the inertial cavitation dose in the human skull decreased by 1.05-fold compared to that of the free field. For the histological analysis, although some extravasated red blood cells were observed in each case, it was evaluated as recoverable based on our previous study results. Therefore, our proposed platform can help deduct optimal ultrasound parameters and BBBD results for clinical trials in the preclinical trials with small animals because it considers variables relevant to the human skull.
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Sung JH, Chang JH. Mechanically Rotating Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Transducer: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3907. [PMID: 34198822 PMCID: PMC8201242 DOI: 10.3390/s21113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a valuable imaging modality for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. It provides useful clinical information, such as lumen size, vessel wall thickness, and plaque composition, by providing a cross-sectional vascular image. For several decades, IVUS has made remarkable progress in improving the accuracy of diagnosing cardiovascular disease that remains the leading cause of death globally. As the quality of IVUS images mainly depends on the performance of the IVUS transducer, various IVUS transducers have been developed. Therefore, in this review, recently developed mechanically rotating IVUS transducers, especially ones exploiting piezoelectric ceramics or single crystals, are discussed. In addition, this review addresses the history and technical challenges in the development of IVUS transducers and the prospects of next-generation IVUS transducers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Ho Chang
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Deagu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea;
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Peng C, Wu H, Kim S, Dai X, Jiang X. Recent Advances in Transducers for Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3540. [PMID: 34069613 PMCID: PMC8160965 DOI: 10.3390/s21103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As a well-known medical imaging methodology, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging plays a critical role in diagnosis, treatment guidance and post-treatment assessment of coronary artery diseases. By cannulating a miniature ultrasound transducer mounted catheter into an artery, the vessel lumen opening, vessel wall morphology and other associated blood and vessel properties can be precisely assessed in IVUS imaging. Ultrasound transducer, as the key component of an IVUS system, is critical in determining the IVUS imaging performance. In recent years, a wide range of achievements in ultrasound transducers have been reported for IVUS imaging applications. Herein, a comprehensive review is given on recent advances in ultrasound transducers for IVUS imaging. Firstly, a fundamental understanding of IVUS imaging principle, evaluation parameters and IVUS catheter are summarized. Secondly, three different types of ultrasound transducers (piezoelectric ultrasound transducer, piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer and capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer) for IVUS imaging are presented. Particularly, the recent advances in piezoelectric ultrasound transducer for IVUS imaging are extensively examined according to their different working mechanisms, configurations and materials adopted. Thirdly, IVUS-based multimodality intravascular imaging of atherosclerotic plaque is discussed. Finally, summary and perspectives on the future studies are highlighted for IVUS imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (C.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Huaiyu Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (C.P.); (H.W.)
| | | | - Xuming Dai
- Department of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY 11355, USA;
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (C.P.); (H.W.)
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Cismaru G, Serban T, Tirpe A. Ultrasound Methods in the Evaluation of Atherosclerosis: From Pathophysiology to Clinic. Biomedicines 2021; 9:418. [PMID: 33924492 PMCID: PMC8070406 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a key pathological process that causes a plethora of pathologies, including coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and ischemic stroke. The silent progression of the atherosclerotic disease prompts for new surveillance tools that can visualize, characterize, and provide a risk evaluation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Conventional ultrasound methods-bright (B)-mode US plus Doppler mode-provide a rapid, cost-efficient way to visualize an established plaque and give a rapid risk stratification of the patient through the Gray-Weale standardization-echolucent plaques with ≥50% stenosis have a significantly greater risk of ipsilateral stroke. Although rather disputed, the measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) may prove useful in identifying subclinical atherosclerosis. In addition, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) allows for a better image resolution and the visualization and quantification of plaque neovascularization, which has been correlated with future cardiovascular events. Newly emerging elastography techniques such as strain elastography and shear-wave elastography add a new dimension to this evaluation-the biomechanics of the arterial wall, which is altered in atherosclerosis. The invasive counterpart, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), enables an individualized assessment of the anti-atherosclerotic therapies, as well as a direct risk assessment of these lesions through virtual histology IVUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cismaru
- Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology-Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Teodora Serban
- Medical Imaging Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Tirpe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Wang J, Zheng Z, Chan J, Yeow JTW. Capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers for intravascular ultrasound imaging. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:73. [PMID: 34567683 PMCID: PMC8433336 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a burgeoning imaging technology that provides vital information for the diagnosis of coronary arterial diseases. A significant constituent that enables the IVUS system to attain high-resolution images is the ultrasound transducer, which acts as both a transmitter that sends acoustic waves and a detector that receives the returning signals. Being the most mature form of ultrasound transducer available in the market, piezoelectric transducers have dominated the field of biomedical imaging. However, there are some drawbacks associated with using the traditional piezoelectric ultrasound transducers such as difficulties in the fabrication of high-density arrays, which would aid in the acceleration of the imaging speed and alleviate motion artifact. The advent of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology has brought about the development of micromachined ultrasound transducers that would help to address this issue. Apart from the advantage of being able to be fabricated into arrays with lesser complications, the image quality of IVUS can be further enhanced with the easy integration of micromachined ultrasound transducers with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS). This would aid in the mitigation of parasitic capacitance, thereby improving the signal-to-noise. Currently, there are two commonly investigated micromachined ultrasound transducers, piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (PMUTs) and capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs). Currently, PMUTs face a significant challenge where the fabricated PMUTs do not function as per their design. Thus, CMUTs with different array configurations have been developed for IVUS. In this paper, the different ultrasound transducers, including conventional-piezoelectric transducers, PMUTs and CMUTs, are reviewed, and a summary of the recent progress of CMUTs for IVUS is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Jasmine Chan
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - John T. W. Yeow
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
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