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Kumawat RL, Jena MK, Mittal S, Pathak B. Advancement of Next-Generation DNA Sequencing through Ionic Blockade and Transverse Tunneling Current Methods. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401112. [PMID: 38716623 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
DNA sequencing is transforming the field of medical diagnostics and personalized medicine development by providing a pool of genetic information. Recent advancements have propelled solid-state material-based sequencing into the forefront as a promising next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, offering amplification-free, cost-effective, and high-throughput DNA analysis. Consequently, a comprehensive framework for diverse sequencing methodologies and a cross-sectional understanding with meticulous documentation of the latest advancements is of timely need. This review explores a broad spectrum of progress and accomplishments in the field of DNA sequencing, focusing mainly on electrical detection methods. The review delves deep into both the theoretical and experimental demonstrations of the ionic blockade and transverse tunneling current methods across a broad range of device architectures, nanopore, nanogap, nanochannel, and hybrid/heterostructures. Additionally, various aspects of each architecture are explored along with their strengths and weaknesses, scrutinizing their potential applications for ultrafast DNA sequencing. Finally, an overview of existing challenges and future directions is provided to expedite the emergence of high-precision and ultrafast DNA sequencing with ionic and transverse current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar L Kumawat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Milan Kumar Jena
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Sneha Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
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2
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Lanzavecchia G, Sapunova A, Douaki A, Weng S, Momotenko D, Paulo G, Giacomello A, Krahne R, Garoli D. Tailored Fabrication of 3D Nanopores Made of Dielectric Oxides for Multiple Nanoscale Applications. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10098-10105. [PMID: 39121066 PMCID: PMC11342934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopores are a key platform for single-molecule detection and analysis that allow engineering of their properties by controlling size, shape, and chemical functionalization. However, approaches relying on polymers have limits for what concerns hardness, robustness, durability, and refractive index. Nanopores made of oxides with high dielectric constant would overcome such limits and have the potential to extend the suitability of solid-state nanopores toward optoelectronic technologies. Here, we present a versatile method to fabricate three-dimensional nanopores made of different dielectric oxides with convex, straight, and concave shapes and demonstrate their functionality in a series of technologies and applications such as ionic nanochannels, ionic current rectification, memristors, and DNA sensing. Our experimental data are supported by numerical simulations that showcase the effect of different shapes and oxide materials. This approach toward robust and tunable solid-state nanopores can be extended to other 3D shapes and a variety of dielectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Lanzavecchia
- Optoelectronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università degli Studi
di Genova, Via Dodecaneso
33, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Anastasiia Sapunova
- Optoelectronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Ali Douaki
- Optoelectronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Shukun Weng
- Optoelectronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- Institute
of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, Oldenburg D-26129, Germany
| | - Gonçalo Paulo
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Giacomello
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Roman Krahne
- Optoelectronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Denis Garoli
- Optoelectronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Metodi dell’Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 43122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Young TW, Kappler MP, Call ED, Brown QJ, Jacobson SC. Integrated In-Plane Nanofluidic Devices for Resistive-Pulse Sensing. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:221-242. [PMID: 38608295 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061622-030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Single-particle (or digital) measurements enhance sensitivity (10- to 100-fold improvement) and uncover heterogeneity within a population (one event in 100 to 10,000). Many biological systems are significantly influenced by rare or infrequent events, and determining what species is present, in what quantity, and the role of that species is critically important to unraveling many questions. To develop these measurement systems, resistive-pulse sensing is used as a label-free, single-particle detection technique and can be combined with a range of functional elements, e.g., mixers, reactors, filters, separators, and pores. Virtually, any two-dimensional layout of the micro- and nanofluidic conduits can be envisioned, designed, and fabricated in the plane of the device. Multiple nanopores in series lead to higher-precision measurements of particle size, shape, and charge, and reactions coupled directly with the particle-size measurements improve temporal response. Moreover, other detection techniques, e.g., fluorescence, are highly compatible with the in-plane format. These integrated in-plane nanofluidic devices expand the toolbox of what is possible with single-particle measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner W Young
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA;
| | - Michael P Kappler
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA;
| | - Ethan D Call
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA;
| | - Quintin J Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA;
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Yang J, Pan T, Xie Z, Yuan W, Ho HP. In-tube micro-pyramidal silicon nanopore for inertial-kinetic sensing of single molecules. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5132. [PMID: 38879544 PMCID: PMC11180207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrokinetic force has been the major choice for driving the translocation of molecules through a nanopore. However, the use of this approach is limited by an uncontrollable translocation speed, resulting in non-uniform conductance signals with low conformational sensitivity, which hinders the accurate discrimination of the molecules. Here, we show the use of inertial-kinetic translocation induced by spinning an in-tube micro-pyramidal silicon nanopore fabricated using photovoltaic electrochemical etch-stop technique for biomolecular sensing. By adjusting the kinetic properties of a funnel-shaped centrifugal force field while maintaining a counter-balanced state of electrophoretic and electroosmotic effect in the nanopore, we achieved regulated translocation of proteins and obtained stable signals of long and adjustable dwell times and high conformational sensitivity. Moreover, we demonstrated instantaneous sensing and discrimination of molecular conformations and longitudinal monitoring of molecular reactions and conformation changes by wirelessly measuring characteristic features in current blockade readouts using the in-tube nanopore device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tianle Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhenming Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wu Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ho-Pui Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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5
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Rathnayaka C, Chandrosoma IA, Choi J, Childers K, Chibuike M, Akabirov K, Shiri F, Hall AR, Lee M, McKinney C, Verber M, Park S, Soper SA. Detection and identification of single ribonucleotide monophosphates using a dual in-plane nanopore sensor made in a thermoplastic via replication. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2721-2735. [PMID: 38656267 PMCID: PMC11091956 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01062g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We report the generation of ∼8 nm dual in-plane pores fabricated in a thermoplastic via nanoimprint lithography (NIL). These pores were connected in series with nanochannels, one of which served as a flight tube to allow the identification of single molecules based on their molecular-dependent apparent mobilities (i.e., dual in-plane nanopore sensor). Two different thermoplastics were investigated including poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, and cyclic olefin polymer, COP, as the substrate for the sensor both of which were sealed using a low glass transition cover plate (cyclic olefin co-polymer, COC) that could be thermally fusion bonded to the PMMA or COP substrate at a temperature minimizing nanostructure deformation. Unique to these dual in-plane nanopore sensors was two pores flanking each side of the nanometer flight tube (50 × 50 nm, width × depth) that was 10 μm in length. The utility of this dual in-plane nanopore sensor was evaluated to not only detect, but also identify single ribonucleotide monophosphates (rNMPs) by using the travel time (time-of-flight, ToF), the resistive pulse event amplitude, and the dwell time. In spite of the relatively large size of these in-plane pores (∼8 nm effective diameter), we could detect via resistive pulse sensing (RPS) single rNMP molecules at a mass load of 3.9 fg, which was ascribed to the unique structural features of the nanofluidic network and the use of a thermoplastic with low relative dielectric constants, which resulted in a low RMS noise level in the open pore current. Our data indicated that the identification accuracy of individual rNMPs was high, which was ascribed to an improved chromatographic contribution to the nano-electrophoresis apparent mobility. With the ToF data only, the identification accuracy was 98.3%. However, when incorporating the resistive pulse sensing event amplitude and dwell time in conjunction with the ToF and analyzed via principal component analysis (PCA), the identification accuracy reached 100%. These findings pave the way for the realization of a novel chip-based single-molecule RNA sequencing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathurika Rathnayaka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Indu A Chandrosoma
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Junseo Choi
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Katie Childers
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Maximillian Chibuike
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Khurshed Akabirov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Farhad Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Adam R Hall
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Maxwell Lee
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Collin McKinney
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew Verber
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sunggook Park
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Steven A Soper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Bhardwaj A, Surmani Martins MV, You Y, Sajja R, Rimmer M, Goutham S, Qi R, Abbas Dar S, Radha B, Keerthi A. Fabrication of angstrom-scale two-dimensional channels for mass transport. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:240-280. [PMID: 38012396 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Fluidic channels at atomic scales regulate cellular trafficking and molecular filtration across membranes, and thus play crucial roles in the functioning of living systems. However, constructing synthetic channels experimentally at these scales has been a significant challenge due to the limitations in nanofabrication techniques and the surface roughness of the commonly used materials. Angstrom (Å)-scale slit-like channels overcome such challenges as these are made with precise control over their dimensions and can be used to study the fluidic properties of gases, ions and water at unprecedented scales. Here we provide a detailed fabrication method of the two-dimensional Å-scale channel devices that can be assembled to contain a desired number of channels, a single channel or up to hundreds of channels, made with atomic-scale precision using layered crystals. The procedure includes the fabrication of the substrate, flake, spacer layer, flake transfers, van der Waals assembly and postprocessing. We further explain how to perform molecular transport measurements with the Å-channels to directly probe the intriguing and anomalous phenomena that help shed light on the physics governing ultra-confined transport. The procedure requires a total of 1-2 weeks for the fabrication of the two-dimensional channel device and is suitable for users with prior experience in clean room working environments and nanofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Bhardwaj
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marcos Vinicius Surmani Martins
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yi You
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ravalika Sajja
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Max Rimmer
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Solleti Goutham
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rongrong Qi
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sidra Abbas Dar
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Boya Radha
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ashok Keerthi
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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7
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Stuber A, Schlotter T, Hengsteler J, Nakatsuka N. Solid-State Nanopores for Biomolecular Analysis and Detection. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:283-316. [PMID: 38273209 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Advances in nanopore technology and data processing have rendered DNA sequencing highly accessible, unlocking a new realm of biotechnological opportunities. Commercially available nanopores for DNA sequencing are of biological origin and have certain disadvantages such as having specific environmental requirements to retain functionality. Solid-state nanopores have received increased attention as modular systems with controllable characteristics that enable deployment in non-physiological milieu. Thus, we focus our review on summarizing recent innovations in the field of solid-state nanopores to envision the future of this technology for biomolecular analysis and detection. We begin by introducing the physical aspects of nanopore measurements ranging from interfacial interactions at pore and electrode surfaces to mass transport of analytes and data analysis of recorded signals. Then, developments in nanopore fabrication and post-processing techniques with the pros and cons of different methodologies are examined. Subsequently, progress to facilitate DNA sequencing using solid-state nanopores is described to assess how this platform is evolving to tackle the more complex challenge of protein sequencing. Beyond sequencing, we highlight the recent developments in biosensing of nucleic acids, proteins, and sugars and conclude with an outlook on the frontiers of nanopore technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Stuber
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Schlotter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Hengsteler
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Ma Y, Li J, Yu H, Teng L, Geng H, Li R, Xing R, Liu S, Li P. Comparative analysis of PacBio and ONT RNA sequencing methods for Nemopilema Nomurai venom identification. Genomics 2023; 115:110709. [PMID: 37739021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on marine organisms have made use of third-generation sequencing technologies such as Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). While these specialized bioinformatics tools have different algorithmic designs and performance capabilities, they offer scalability and can be applied to various datasets. We investigated the effectiveness of PacBio and ONT RNA sequencing methods in identifying the venom of the jellyfish species Nemopilema nomurai. We conducted a detailed analysis of the sequencing data from both methods, focusing on key characteristics such as CD, alternative splicing, long-chain noncoding RNA, simple sequence repeat, transcription factor, and functional transcript annotation. Our findings indicate that ONT generally produced higher raw data quality in the transcriptome analysis, while PacBio generated longer read lengths. PacBio was found to be superior in identifying CDs and long-chain noncoding RNA, whereas ONT was more cost-effective for predicting alternative splicing events, simple sequence repeats, and transcription factors. Based on these results, we conclude that PacBio is the most specific and sensitive method for identifying venom components, while ONT is the most cost-effective method for studying venogenesis, cnidocyst (venom gland) development, and transcription of virulence genes in jellyfish. Our study has implications for future sequencing technologies in marine jellyfish, and highlights the power of full-length transcriptome analysis in discovering potential therapeutic targets for jellyfish dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Lichao Teng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Geng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Wang Y, Zhou J, Zheng T, Li L, Zhu M. Adsorption Kinetics of Poly(benzyl acrylate) Chains onto Alumina Interface during the Flow-Driven Translocation through Cylindrical Nanochannels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13303-13315. [PMID: 37669096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the adsorption kinetics of the PBAN/AAO system under flushing condition has been investigated, where PBAN and AAO represent poly(benzyl acrylate) and anodic alumina oxide (AAO, average pore radius R0 ≈ 10 nm) nanochannel, respectively. Our specially designed double-pump flushing system is proved to eliminate the overshoot phenomenon and in situ monitor transmembrane pressure (ΔP) as a function of flushing time (t) and flow rate (Q), which gives the effective pore radius (R), cross-sectional coverage factor (χ = [1 - (R/R0)2]), and characteristic ratio (rc) of the increments of χ during each adsorption/desorption cycle at a given bulk solution concentration (Cbulk). Our findings include: (1) by gradient increasing Cbulk from 10 to 200 mg/L at Q = 10 mL/h, the shortest PBA40 displays a saturation adsorption behavior when Cbulk ≥ 80 mg/L and t ≥ 2000 s, which agrees well with the prediction of blob model, whereas for the longer PBAN chains, the chain length (N) and concentration-dependent adsorption tendency get stronger as N increases from 40 to 620 at t ≥ 2000 s, in particular, R/R0 ∼ N-0.20 is observed at Cbulk = 140 mg/L; (2) by focusing on the platform χ in the saturation adsorption regime (χsat), the longer PBAN displays a stronger adsorption trend with partially reversible feature at Q = 5.0 mL/h, namely, as N increases from 40 to 620, χsat increases from 0.15 to 0.83 at Cbulk = 100 mg/L, where rc changes from 0.25 ± 0.10 to 0.80 ± 0.10 as the adsorption/desorption flushing cycle increases from 1 to 8 at Cbulk = 100 mg/L; (3) by further assuming a solvent nonpenetrating and nondraining adsorption layer, χsat determined in the case of curved surface can be comparable to the physical meaning of adsorption thickness (Δad) in the case of flat-surface adsorption, and the fitting result indicates χsat ∼ Δad ∼ N0.58, falling between Δad ∼ N1/2 and Δad ∼ N1.0 predicted by the mean-field and scaling theories for real multichain adsorption, respectively. Overall, the present work not only clarifies some controversies but also provides unambiguous evidence supporting the existence of tightly adsorbed internal and loosely adsorbed external layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jianing Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mo Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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10
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Tierno D, Grassi G, Scomersi S, Bortul M, Generali D, Zanconati F, Scaggiante B. Next-Generation Sequencing and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Insights and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119688. [PMID: 37298642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor survival of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is due to its aggressive behavior, large heterogeneity, and high risk of recurrence. A comprehensive molecular investigation of this type of breast cancer using high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods may help to elucidate its potential progression and discover biomarkers related to patient survival. In this review, the NGS applications in TNBC research are described. Many NGS studies point to TP53 mutations, immunocheckpoint response genes, and aberrations in the PIK3CA and DNA repair pathways as recurrent pathogenic alterations in TNBC. Beyond their diagnostic and predictive/prognostic value, these findings suggest potential personalized treatments in PD -L1-positive TNBC or in TNBC with a homologous recombination deficit. Moreover, the comprehensive sequencing of large genomes with NGS has enabled the identification of novel markers with clinical value in TNBC, such as AURKA, MYC, and JARID2 mutations. In addition, NGS investigations to explore ethnicity-specific alterations have pointed to EZH2 overexpression, BRCA1 alterations, and a BRCA2-delaAAGA mutation as possible molecular signatures of African and African American TNBC. Finally, the development of long-read sequencing methods and their combination with optimized short-read techniques promise to improve the efficiency of NGS approaches for future massive clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tierno
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Scomersi
- Breast Unit-Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Giuliano Isontina ASUGI, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Bortul
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale di Cremona-ASST, Breast Cancer Unit and Translational Research Unit, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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11
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Vaneev AN, Timoshenko RV, Gorelkin PV, Klyachko NL, Erofeev AS. Recent Advances in Nanopore Technology for Copper Detection and Their Potential Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091573. [PMID: 37177118 PMCID: PMC10181076 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, nanopore technology has emerged as a promising technique for the rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of various analytes. In particular, the use of nanopores for the detection of copper ions has attracted considerable attention due to their high sensitivity and selectivity. This review discusses the principles of nanopore technology and its advantages over conventional techniques for copper detection. It covers the different types of nanopores used for copper detection, including biological and synthetic nanopores, and the various mechanisms used to detect copper ions. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of the recent advancements in nanopore technology for copper detection, including the development of new nanopore materials, improvements in signal amplification, and the integration of nanopore technology with other analytical methods for enhanced detection sensitivity and accuracy. Finally, we summarize the extensive applications, current challenges, and future perspectives of using nanopore technology for copper detection, highlighting the need for further research in the field to optimize the performance and applicability of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Vaneev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman V Timoshenko
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr V Gorelkin
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia L Klyachko
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Erofeev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Kim D, Byun S, Pu Y, Huh H, Jung Y, Kim S, Lee KY. Design of a Current Sensing System with TIA Gain of 160 dBΩ and Input-Referred Noise of 1.8 pA rms for Biosensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3019. [PMID: 36991734 PMCID: PMC10051069 DOI: 10.3390/s23063019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a high-gain low-noise current signal detection system for biosensors. When the biomaterial is attached to the biosensor, the current flowing through the bias voltage is changed so that the biomaterial can be sensed. A resistive feedback transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is used for the biosensor requiring a bias voltage. Current changes in the biosensor can be checked by plotting the current value of the biosensor in real time on the self-made graphical user interface (GUI). Even if the bias voltage changes, the input voltage of the analog to digital converter (ADC) does not change, so it is designed to plot the current of the biosensor accurately and stably. In particular, for multi-biosensors with an array structure, a method of automatically calibrating the current between biosensors by controlling the gate bias voltage of the biosensors is proposed. Input-referred noise is reduced using a high-gain TIA and chopper technique. The proposed circuit achieves 1.8 pArms input-referred noise with a gain of 160 dBΩ and is implemented in a TSMC 130 nm CMOS process. The chip area is 2.3 mm2, and the power consumption of the current sensing system is 12 mW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donggyu Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Byun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKAIChips Co., Ltd., Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggun Pu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKAIChips Co., Ltd., Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungki Huh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKAIChips Co., Ltd., Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjae Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKAIChips Co., Ltd., Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokkee Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKAIChips Co., Ltd., Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Yoon Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKAIChips Co., Ltd., Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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13
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Liang L, Qin F, Wang S, Wu J, Li R, Wang Z, Ren M, Liu D, Wang D, Astruc D. Overview of the materials design and sensing strategies of nanopore devices. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Liu H, Zhou Q, Wang W, Fang F, Zhang J. Solid-State Nanopore Array: Manufacturing and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205680. [PMID: 36470663 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore brings extraordinary properties for a variety of potential applications in various industrial sectors. Since manufacturing of solid-state nanopore is first reported in 2001, solid-state nanopore has become a hot topic in the recent years. An increasing number of manufacturing methods have been reported, with continuously decreased sizes from hundreds of nanometers at the beginning to ≈1 nm until recently. To enable more robust, sensitive, and reliable devices required by the industry, researchers have started to explore the possible methods to manufacture nanopore array which presents unprecedented challenges on the fabrication efficiency, accuracy and repeatability, applicable materials, and cost. As a result, the exploration of fabrication of nanopore array is still in the fledging period with various bottlenecks. In this article, a wide range of methods of manufacturing nanopores are summarized along with their achievable morphologies, sizes, inner structures for characterizing the main features, based on which the manufacturing of nanopore array is further addressed. To give a more specific idea on the potential applications of nanopore array, some representative practices are introduced such as DNA/RNA sequencing, energy conversion and storage, water desalination, nanosensors, nanoreactors, and dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuai Liu
- Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Qin Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Fengzhou Fang
- Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Laboratory of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jufan Zhang
- Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
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15
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Ahmed YW, Alemu BA, Bekele SA, Gizaw ST, Zerihun MF, Wabalo EK, Teklemariam MD, Mihrete TK, Hanurry EY, Amogne TG, Gebrehiwot AD, Berga TN, Haile EA, Edo DO, Alemu BD. Epigenetic tumor heterogeneity in the era of single-cell profiling with nanopore sequencing. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:107. [PMID: 36030244 PMCID: PMC9419648 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanopore sequencing has brought the technology to the next generation in the science of sequencing. This is achieved through research advancing on: pore efficiency, creating mechanisms to control DNA translocation, enhancing signal-to-noise ratio, and expanding to long-read ranges. Heterogeneity regarding epigenetics would be broad as mutations in the epigenome are sensitive to cause new challenges in cancer research. Epigenetic enzymes which catalyze DNA methylation and histone modification are dysregulated in cancer cells and cause numerous heterogeneous clones to evolve. Detection of this heterogeneity in these clones plays an indispensable role in the treatment of various cancer types. With single-cell profiling, the nanopore sequencing technology could provide a simple sequence at long reads and is expected to be used soon at the bedside or doctor's office. Here, we review the advancements of nanopore sequencing and its use in the detection of epigenetic heterogeneity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannis Wondwosen Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Berhan Ababaw Alemu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Addisu Bekele
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Tebeje Gizaw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Fekadie Zerihun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Endriyas Kelta Wabalo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Maria Degef Teklemariam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsehayneh Kelemu Mihrete
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Endris Yibru Hanurry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tensae Gebru Amogne
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Assaye Desalegne Gebrehiwot
- Department of Medical Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamirat Nida Berga
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ebsitu Abate Haile
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dessiet Oma Edo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bizuwork Derebew Alemu
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
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16
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Zhang M, Harms ZD, Greibe T, Starr CA, Zlotnick A, Jacobson SC. In-Plane, In-Series Nanopores with Circular Cross Sections for Resistive-Pulse Sensing. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7352-7360. [PMID: 35500295 PMCID: PMC9626396 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Resistive-pulse sensing with solid-state nanopores is a sensitive, label-free technique for analyzing single molecules in solution. To add functionality to resistive-pulse measurements, direct coupling of the nanopores to other pores and nanoscale fluidic elements, e.g., reactors, separators, and filters, in the same device is an important next step. One approach is monolithic fabrication of the fluidic elements in the plane of the substrate, but methods to generate pores with circular cross sections are needed to improve sensing performance with in-plane devices. Here, we report a fabrication method that directly patterns nanopores with circular cross sections in series and in plane with the substrate. A focused ion beam instrument is used to mill a lamella in a nanochannel and, subsequently, bore a nanopore through the lamella. The diameter and geometry of the nanopore are controlled by the current and dose of the ion beam and by the tilt angle and thickness of the lamella. We fabricated devices with vertical and tilted lamellae and nanopores with diameters from 40 to 90 nm in cylindrical and conical geometries. To test device performance, we conducted resistive-pulse measurements of hepatitis B virus capsids. Current pulses from T = 3 capsids (∼31 nm diameter) and T = 4 capsids (∼35 nm diameter) were well resolved and exhibited relative pulse amplitudes (Δi/i) up to 5 times higher than data obtained on nanopores with rectangular cross sections. For smaller pore diameters (<45 nm), which approach the diameters of the capsids, a dramatic increase in the pulse amplitude was observed for both T = 3 and T = 4 capsids. Two and three pores fabricated in series further improved the resolution between the relative pulse amplitude distributions for the T = 3 and T = 4 capsids by up to 2-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, United States of America
| | - Zachary D. Harms
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, United States of America
| | - Tine Greibe
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, United States of America
| | - Caleb A. Starr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7003, United States of America
| | - Adam Zlotnick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7003, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, United States of America
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17
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Bush SN, Ken JS, Martin CR. The Ionic Composition and Chemistry of Nanopore-Confined Solutions. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8338-8346. [PMID: 35486898 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in understanding the properties of solutions confined within nanotubes and synthetic or biological nanopores. How the ionic content of a nanopore-confined solution differs from that of a contacting bulk salt solution is of particular importance, for example, to water desalinization, industrial electrolysis, and all living systems. This paper explores ionic content, ionic interactions, and ion-transport properties of solutions confined within the 10 nm diameter pores of a synthetic polymer membrane. The membrane has a fixed negative pore-wall and surface charge due to ionizable carbonate groups. As a result, under some conditions, the nanopore-confined solution contains only cations and no anions or salt present in a contacting solution, ideal cation permselectivity. This anion- and salt-rejecting ability varies greatly with the cation of the salt, a result that is in contradiction to the prevailing model for permselectivity in nanopores. The extant model fails because it does not account for specific chemical interactions between the cation and the carbonate groups. The nature of these ion-selective interactions is discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevie N Bush
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Jay S Ken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Charles R Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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18
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Zhang S, Liu M, Cui H, Ziaee MA, Sun R, Chen L, Chen D, Garoli D, Wang J. Detection of small-sized DNA fragments in a glassy nanopore by utilization of CRISPR-Cas12a as a converter system. Analyst 2022; 147:905-914. [PMID: 35142306 DOI: 10.1039/d1an02313f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of nanopores with a matched pore size, and the existence of multiple interferents make the reproducible detection of small-sized molecules by means of solid-state nanopores still challenging. A useful method to solve these problems is based on the detection of large DNA nanostructures related to the existence of small-sized targets. In particular, a DNA tetrahedron with a well-defined 3D nanostructure is the ideal candidate for use as a signal transducer. Here, we demonstrate the detection of an L1-encoding gene of HPV18 as a test DNA target sequence in a reaction buffer solution, where long single-stranded DNA linking DNA tetrahedra onto the surface of the magnetic beads is cleaved by a target DNA-activated CRISPR-cas12 system. The DNA tetrahedra are subsequently released and can be detected by the current pulse in a glassy nanopore. This approach has several advantages: (1) one signal transducer can be used to detect different targets; (2) a glassy nanopore with a pore size much larger than the target DNA fragment can boost the tolerance of the contaminants and interferents which often degrade the performance of a nanopore sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Minyi Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Haofa Cui
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Muhammad Asad Ziaee
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Rongwei Sun
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Liting Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Daqi Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Denis Garoli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16136 Genova, Italy. .,Liberà Università di Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jiahai Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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19
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Fried JP, Wu Y, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Optical Nanopore Sensors for Quantitative Analysis. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:869-880. [PMID: 35089719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore sensors have received significant interest for the detection of clinically important biomarkers with single-molecule resolution. These sensors typically operate by detecting changes in the ionic current through a nanopore due to the translocation of an analyte. Recently, there has been interest in developing optical readout strategies for nanopore sensors for quantitative analysis. This is because they can utilize wide-field microscopy to independently monitor many nanopores within a high-density array. This significantly increases the amount of statistics that can be obtained, thus enabling the analysis of analytes present at ultralow concentrations. Here, we review the use of optical nanopore sensing strategies for quantitative analysis. We discuss optical nanopore sensing assays that have been developed to detect clinically relevant biomarkers, the potential for multiplexing such measurements, and techniques to fabricate high density arrays of nanopores with a view toward the use of these devices for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper P Fried
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yanfang Wu
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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20
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Wu X, Yang R, Chen X, Liu W. Fabrication of Nanopore in MoS 2-Graphene vdW Heterostructure by Ion Beam Irradiation and the Mechanical Performance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:196. [PMID: 35055214 PMCID: PMC8780209 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanopore structure presents great application potential especially in the area of biosensing. The two-dimensional (2D) vdW heterostructure nanopore shows unique features, while research around its fabrication is very limited. This paper proposes for the first time the use of ion beam irradiation for creating nanopore structure in 2D vdW graphene-MoS2 heterostructures. The formation process of the heterostructure nanopore is discussed first. Then, the influence of ion irradiation parameters (ion energy and ion dose) is illustrated, based on which the optimal irradiation parameters are derived. In particular, the effect of stacking order of the heterostructure 2D layers on the induced phenomena and optimal parameters are taken into consideration. Finally, uniaxial tensile tests are conducted by taking the effect of irradiation parameters, nanopore size and stacking order into account to demonstrate the mechanical performance of the heterostructure for use under a loading condition. The results would be meaningful for expanding the applications of heterostructure nanopore structure, and can arouse more research interest in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; (R.Y.); (X.C.)
| | | | | | - Wei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; (R.Y.); (X.C.)
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21
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Froehlich K, Scheuerlein MC, Ali M, Nasir S, Ensinger W. Enhancement of heavy ion track-etching in polyimide membranes with organic solvents. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:045301. [PMID: 34644697 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2f5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of organic solvents on the ion track-etching of polyimide (PI) membranes is studied to enhance the nanopore fabrication process and the control over pore diameter growth. To this end, two approaches are employed to investigate the influence of organic solvents on the nanopore fabrication in PI membranes. In the first approach, the heavy ion irradiated PI samples are pretreated with organic solvents and then chemically etched with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution, resulting up to ∼4.4 times larger pore size compared to untreated ones. The second approach is based on a single-step track-etching process where the etchant (NaOCl) solution contains varying amounts of organic solvent (by vol%). The experimental data shows that a significant increase in both the bulk-etch and track-etch rates is observed by using the etchant mixture, which leads to ∼47% decrease in the nanopore fabrication time. This enhancement of nanopore fabrication process in PI membranes would open up new opportunities for their implementation in various potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Froehlich
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Materials Analysis, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 02, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Christoph Scheuerlein
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Materials Analysis, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 02, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mubarak Ali
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Materials Analysis, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 02, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Materials Research Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Saima Nasir
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Materials Analysis, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 02, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Materials Research Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ensinger
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Materials Analysis, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 02, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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22
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Yang H, Saqib M, Hao R. Single-Entity Detection With TEM-Fabricated Nanopores. Front Chem 2021; 9:664820. [PMID: 34026729 PMCID: PMC8138203 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.664820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanopore-based single-entity detection shows immense potential in sensing and sequencing technologies. Solid-state nanopores permit unprecedented detail while preserving mechanical robustness, reusability, adjustable pore size, and stability in different physical and chemical environments. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) has evolved into a powerful tool for fabricating and characterizing nanometer-sized pores within a solid-state ultrathin membrane. By detecting differences in the ionic current signals due to single-entity translocation through the nanopore, solid-state nanopores can enable gene sequencing and single molecule/nanoparticle detection with high sensitivity, improved acquisition speed, and low cost. Here we briefly discuss the recent progress in the modification and characterization of TEM-fabricated nanopores. Moreover, we highlight some key applications of these nanopores in nucleic acids, protein, and nanoparticle detection. Additionally, we discuss the future of computer simulations in DNA and protein sequencing strategies. We also attempt to identify the challenges and discuss the future development of nanopore-detection technology aiming to promote the next-generation sequencing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rui Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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23
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Fried JP, Swett JL, Nadappuram BP, Mol JA, Edel JB, Ivanov AP, Yates JR. In situ solid-state nanopore fabrication. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4974-4992. [PMID: 33623941 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00924e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanopores in solid-state membranes are promising for a wide range of applications including DNA sequencing, ultra-dilute analyte detection, protein analysis, and polymer data storage. Techniques to fabricate solid-state nanopores have typically been time consuming or lacked the resolution to create pores with diameters down to a few nanometres, as required for the above applications. In recent years, several methods to fabricate nanopores in electrolyte environments have been demonstrated. These in situ methods include controlled breakdown (CBD), electrochemical reactions (ECR), laser etching and laser-assisted controlled breakdown (la-CBD). These techniques are democratising solid-state nanopores by providing the ability to fabricate pores with diameters down to a few nanometres (i.e. comparable to the size of many analytes) in a matter of minutes using relatively simple equipment. Here we review these in situ solid-state nanopore fabrication techniques and highlight the challenges and advantages of each method. Furthermore we compare these techniques by their desired application and provide insights into future research directions for in situ nanopore fabrication methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper P Fried
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Jacob L Swett
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Binoy Paulose Nadappuram
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jan A Mol
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Joshua B Edel
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Aleksandar P Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - James R Yates
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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24
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Kyriakides TR, Raj A, Tseng TH, Xiao H, Nguyen R, Mohammed FS, Halder S, Xu M, Wu MJ, Bao S, Sheu WC. Biocompatibility of nanomaterials and their immunological properties. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:10.1088/1748-605X/abe5fa. [PMID: 33578402 PMCID: PMC8357854 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abe5fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) have revolutionized multiple aspects of medicine by enabling novel sensing, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches. Advancements in processing and fabrication have also allowed significant expansion in the applications of the major classes of NMs based on polymer, metal/metal oxide, carbon, liposome, or multi-scale macro-nano bulk materials. Concomitantly, concerns regarding the nanotoxicity and overall biocompatibility of NMs have been raised. These involve putative negative effects on both patients and those subjected to occupational exposure during manufacturing. In this review, we describe the current state of testing of NMs including those that are in clinical use, in clinical trials, or under development. We also discuss the cellular and molecular interactions that dictate their toxicity and biocompatibility. Specifically, we focus on the reciprocal interactions between NMs and host proteins, lipids, and sugars and how these induce responses in immune and other cell types leading to topical and/or systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themis R Kyriakides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Arindam Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Tiffany H Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Hugh Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Ryan Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Farrah S Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Saiti Halder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Mengqing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Michelle J Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Shuozhen Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Wendy C Sheu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
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25
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Farshad M, Rasaiah JC. Light-Nucleotide versus Ion-Nucleotide Interactions for Single-Nucleotide Resolution. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:2863-2870. [PMID: 33688740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several parallel reads of ionic currents through multiple CsgG nanopores provide information about ion-nucleotide interactions for sequencing single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA) using base-calling algorithms. However, the information in ion-nucleotide interactions seems insufficient for single-read nanopore DNA sequencing. Here we report discriminative light-nucleotide interactions calculated from density functional theory (DFT), which are compared with ionic currents obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The MD simulations were performed on a system containing a transverse nanochannel and a longitudinal solid state nanopore. We show that both of the transverse and longitudinal ionic currents during the translocation of A16, G16, T16, and C16 through the nanopore, overlapped widely. On the other hand, the UV-vis and Raman spectra of different types of single nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleobases show relatively higher resolution than the ionic currents. Light-nucleotide interactions provide better information for characterizing the nucleotides in comparison to ion-nucleotide interactions for nanopore DNA sequencing. This can be realized by using optical techniques including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) or tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), while plasmon excitation can be used to localize light and control the rate of nucleotide flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Farshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Jayendran C Rasaiah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
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26
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Shkinev VM, Martynov LY, Trofimov DA, Dolgonosov AM. Ion Exchanger-Filled Track Membranes with Asymmetric Pores for the Electrochemical Determination of Acetylcholine Chloride. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Hsiao PY. Translocation of a Polyelectrolyte through a Nanopore in the Presence of Trivalent Counterions: A Comparison with the Cases in Monovalent and Divalent Salt Solutions. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19805-19819. [PMID: 32803076 PMCID: PMC7424739 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A polyelectrolyte threading through a nanopore in a trivalent salt solution is investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations under a reflective wall boundary. By varying the chain length N and the strength E of the driving electric field applied inside the pore, the translocation time is carefully calculated to get rid of the bouncing effect because of the boundary. The results are analyzed under the scaling form ⟨τ⟩ ∼ N α E -δ and four driving force regimes; namely, the unbiased, the weakly driven, the strongly driven trumpet, and the strongly driven isoflux regime, are distinguished. The exponents are calculated in each regime and compared with the cases in the monovalent and divalent salt solutions. Owing to strong condensation of counter ions, the changes of the exponents in the force regimes are found to be nontrivial. A large increase in translocation time can be, however, achieved as the driving field is weak. The variations of the chain size, the ion condensation, and the effective chain charge show that the process is proceeded in a quasi-equilibrium way in the unbiased regime and deviated to exhibit strong nonequilibrium characteristics as E increases. Several astonishing scaling behaviors of the waiting time function, the translocation velocity, and the diffusion properties are discovered in the study. The results provide deep insights into the phenomena of polyelectrolyte translocation in various salt solutions at different driving forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Yi Hsiao
- Department
of Engineering and System Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, R. O. C
- Institute
of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, R. O. C
- ,
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28
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Ng JKG, Rybchenko SI, Lukaschuk S. Magnetic array-templated method for fabrication of polymer nanoporous films. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab970b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a novel method of producing nanoporous polymeric membranes in a cost-effective and reproducible manner. The novelty of the technique hinges on the exploitation of a new type of sacrificial material & structures - self-assembled arrays of magnetic nanoparticles. The arrays are obtained through application of an external magnetic field to a thin layer of colloidal solution of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in a polymerizable monomer; this is followed by photopolymerisation. The resulting columnar structures form the pore templates which when selectively etched away leave an array of nanopores spanning across the polymeric film. The morphological characterisation of the nanopores by scanning electron microscopy and ionic conductivity revealed a very unusual sponge-like pore morphology. The applications which would benefit from the specific pore morphology and arrayed manufacturing are discussed.
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29
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Lin TW, Hsu JP. Pressure-driven energy conversion of conical nanochannels: Anomalous dependence of power generated and efficiency on pH. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 564:491-498. [PMID: 32000071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pressure-driven power generation is one of a simple, green, and promising energy sources. Owing to the overlapping of the electric double layer inside, nanochannel is capable of providing a platform for this power generation approach. Unfortunately, relevant studies, either experimental or theoretical, are very limited in the literature. Here, we present for the first time a comprehensively theoretical study on the pressure-driven energy conversion in a conical nanochannel having carboxyl functional groups, focusing on the influence of its tip size and the solution pH. An anomalous dependence of both the power generated and the efficiency on the latter are observed. Although the charge density on the nanochannel surface increases monotonically with increasing pH, both the power generated and the efficiency exhibit a local maximum as pH varies. This is because the streaming potential has a local maximum as pH varies. Power density (power generated/tip end cross sectional area) also shows a local maximum as the tip radius varies, and the radius at which the local maximum occurs decreases with increasing bulk salt concentration. In addition to explain successfully the behavior reported in the literature, our study also provides desirable and necessary information for designing relevant devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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