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Fedorov Kukk A, Wu D, Gaffal E, Panzer R, Emmert S, Roth B. Multimodal system for optical biopsy of melanoma with integrated ultrasound, optical coherence tomography and Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200129. [PMID: 35802400 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new single-head multimodal optical system that integrates optical coherence tomography (OCT), 18 MHz ultrasound (US) tomography and Raman spectroscopy (RS), allowing for fast (<2 min) and noninvasive skin cancer diagnostics and lesion depth measurement. The OCT can deliver structural and depth information of smaller skin lesions (<1 mm), while the US allows to measure the penetration depth of thicker lesions (≥4 mm), and the RS analyzes the chemical composition from a small chosen spot (≤300 μm) that can be used to distinguish between benign and malignant melanoma. The RS and OCT utilize the same scanning and optical setup, allowing for co-localized measurements. The US on the other side is integrated with an acoustical reflector, which enables B-mode measurements on the same position as OCT and RS. The US B-mode scans can be translated across the sample by laterally moving the US transducer, which is made possible by the developed adapter with a flexible membrane. We present the results on custom-made liquid and agar phantoms that show the resolution and depth capabilities of the setup, as well as preliminary ex vivo measurements on mouse models with ∼4.3 mm thick melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Fedorov Kukk
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Di Wu
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Bernhard Roth
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Hannover, Germany
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Fedorov Kukk A, Blumenröther E, Roth B. Self-made transparent optoacoustic detector for measurement of skin lesion thickness in vivo. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8. [PMID: 35413695 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac669b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In skin cancer diagnosis and treatment, one of the key factors is tumor depth, which is connected to the severity and the required excision depth. Optoacoustical (OA) imaging is a relatively popular technique that provides information based on the optical absorption of the sample. Although often demonstrated withex vivomeasurements orin vivoimaging on parts of small animals,in vivomeasurements on humans are more challenging. This is presumably because it is too time consuming and the required excitation pulse energies and their number exceed the allowed maximum permissible exposure (MPE). Here, we demonstrate thickness measurements with a transparent optoacoustical detector of different suspicious skin lesionsin vivoon patients. We develop the signal processing technique to automatically convert the raw signal into thickness via deconvolution with the impulse response function. The transparency of the detector allows optical excitation with the pulsed laser to be performed perpendicularly on the lesion, in contrast to the conventional illumination from the side. For validation, the measured results were compared to the histological thickness determined after excision. We show that this simple transparent detector allows to determine the thickness of a lesion and thus, aid the dermatologist to estimate the excision depth in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Fedorov Kukk
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University Hannover, Nienburger Str. 17, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Elias Blumenröther
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University Hannover, Nienburger Str. 17, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard Roth
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University Hannover, Nienburger Str. 17, 30167 Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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Baumann E, Pohle U, Zhang E, Allen T, Villringer C, Pulwer S, Gerhardt H, Laufer J. A backward-mode optical-resolution photoacoustic microscope for 3D imaging using a planar Fabry-Pérot sensor. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 24:100293. [PMID: 34466380 PMCID: PMC8385441 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) combines high spatial resolution and strong absorption-based contrast in tissue, which has enabled structural and spectroscopic imaging of endogenous chromophores, primarily hemoglobin. Conventional piezoelectric ultrasound transducers are typically placed far away from the photoacoustic source due to their opacity, which reduces acoustic sensitivity. Optical ultrasound sensors are an alternative as their transparency allows them to be positioned close to the sample with minimal source-detector distances. In this work, a backward-mode OR-PAM system based on a planar Fabry-Pérot ultrasound sensor and coaxially aligned excitation and interrogation beams was developed. Two 3D imaging modes, using raster-scanning for enhanced image quality and continuous-scanning for fast imaging, were implemented and tested on a leaf skeleton phantom. In fast imaging mode, a scan-rate of 100,000 A-lines/s was achieved. 3D images of a zebrafish embryo were acquired in vivo in raster-scanning mode. The transparency of the FP sensor in the visible and near-infrared wavelength region makes it suitable for combined functional and molecular imaging applications using OR-PAM and multi-photon fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Baumann
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Pohle
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-danckelmann-platz 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edward Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Thomas Allen
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Claus Villringer
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-danckelmann-platz 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745, Wildau, Germany
| | - Silvio Pulwer
- University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745, Wildau, Germany
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straβe 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Laufer
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-danckelmann-platz 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging is a new type of noninvasive, nonradiation imaging modality that combines the deep penetration of ultrasonic imaging and high specificity of optical imaging. Photoacoustic imaging systems employing conventional ultrasonic sensors impose certain constraints such as obstructions in the optical path, bulky sensor size, complex system configurations, difficult optical and acoustic alignment, and degradation of signal-to-noise ratio. To overcome these drawbacks, an ultrasonic sensor in the optically transparent form has been introduced, as it enables direct delivery of excitation light through the sensors. In recent years, various types of optically transparent ultrasonic sensors have been developed for photoacoustic imaging applications, including optics-based ultrasonic sensors, piezoelectric-based ultrasonic sensors, and microelectromechanical system-based capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers. In this paper, the authors review representative transparent sensors for photoacoustic imaging applications. In addition, the potential challenges and future directions of the development of transparent sensors are discussed.
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Chen R, He Y, Shi J, Yung C, Hwang J, Wang LV, Zhou Q. Transparent High-Frequency Ultrasonic Transducer for Photoacoustic Microscopy Application. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:1848-1853. [PMID: 32286968 PMCID: PMC7484980 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.2985369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of an optically transparent high-frequency ultrasonic transducer using lithium niobate single-crystal and indium-tin-oxide electrodes with up to 90% optical transmission in the visible-to-near-infrared spectrum. The center frequency of the transducer was at 36.9 MHz with 33.9%, at -6 dB fractional bandwidth. The photoacoustic imaging capability of the fabricated transducer was also demonstrated by successfully imaging a resolution target and mouse-ear vasculatures in vivo, which were irradiated by a 532 nm pulse laser transmitted through the transducer.
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Wollweber M, Roth B. Raman Sensing and Its Multimodal Combination with Optoacoustics and OCT for Applications in the Life Sciences. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E2387. [PMID: 31137716 PMCID: PMC6566696 DOI: 10.3390/s19102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Currently, many optical modalities are being investigated, applied, and further developed for non-invasive analysis and sensing in the life sciences. To befit the complexity of the study objects and questions in this field, the combination of two or more modalities is attempted. We review our work on multimodal sensing concepts for applications ranging from non-invasive quantification of biomolecules in the living organism to supporting medical diagnosis showing the combined capabilities of Raman spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, and optoacoustics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Wollweber
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany.
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University Hannover, Nienburger Str. 17, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Roth
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University Hannover, Nienburger Str. 17, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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