1
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Lundquist NA, Kifelew LG, Elmas S, Jia Z, Speck PG, Chalker JM. Inactivation of human coronaviruses using an automated room disinfection device. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20048. [PMID: 37973822 PMCID: PMC10654563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of more virulent and epidemic strains of viruses, especially in the context of COVID-19, makes it more important than ever to improve methods of decontamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of on-demand production of chlorine species to inactivate human coronaviruses. The commercial prototype disinfection unit was provided by Unipolar Water Technologies. The Unipolar device generates active chlorine species using an electrochemical reaction and dispenses the disinfectant vapour onto surfaces with an aspirator. The minimum effective concentration and exposure time of disinfectant were evaluated on human hepatoma (Huh7) cells using 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), a surrogate for pathogenic human coronaviruses. We showed that chlorine species generated in the Unipolar device inactivate HCoV-229E on glass surfaces at ≥ 400 parts per million active chlorine concentration with a 5 min exposure time. Here, inactivation refers to the inability of the virus to infect the Huh7 cells. Importantly, no toxic effect was observed on Huh7 cells for any of the active chlorine concentrations and contact times tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Lundquist
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Legesse G Kifelew
- Molecular Biosciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Sait Elmas
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Peter G Speck
- Molecular Biosciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
| | - Justin M Chalker
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
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2
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Wang X, Liu Z, Wang B, Cai Y, Song Q. An overview on state-of-art of micromixer designs, characteristics and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341685. [PMID: 37827660 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Micromixers are characterized based on characteristics such as excellent mixing efficiency, low reagent cost and flexible controllability compared with conventional reactors in terms of macro size. A variety of designs and applications of micromixers have been proposed. The focus of current reviews is restricted to micromixer structures. Each type of micromixer has characteristics corresponding to its structure, which determines the suitable application areas. This paper provides an overview connecting micromixer designs and their applications. First, the typical designs and mixing mechanisms of both passive and active micromixers are summarized. Then, application cases of micromixers, including chemical, biological and medical applications, are presented. The characteristics, including the advantages and restrictions of different micromixers, are discussed. Finally, the future perspective of micromixer design is proposed. It is predictable that micromixers will have widespread applications by integrating two or more different mixing methods together. This review would be beneficial to guide the design of micromixers applied for specific purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanqiang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Yukui Cai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghua Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
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3
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You K, Kwon O, Kim D. Effects of the protonation and the polar solvation on the molecular properties of methyl orange: A density functional theory study. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanghyeon You
- Department of Chemistry Kyonggi University Yeongtong‐gu, Suwon Korea
| | - O‐Pil Kwon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou University Yeongtong‐gu, Suwon Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry Kyonggi University Yeongtong‐gu, Suwon Korea
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4
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Zhang J, Li R, Bei Y, Xu XD, Kang W. Design of a large Stokes shift ratiometric fluorescent sensor with hypochlorite detection towards the potential application as invisible security ink. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121859. [PMID: 36108409 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorite (ClO-) as a well-known highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), is widely used as preservative and household disinfectant in daily life. Although many fluorescence imaging sensors for ClO- have been reported, the development of ClO- ratio fluorescence sensors with large Stokes shift is still quite limited. This sensor shows obvious benefits including minimizing environmental intervention and improving signal-to-noise ratio. In the present project, we report an innovative conjugated pyrene-based system, 1-B, as a chlorine fluorescence sensor. The detector exhibits ratio detection performance, large Stokes and emission shifts. Furthermore, the system has desired sensitivity as well as selectivity for ClO-. Based on these excellent properties, the sensor 1-B was successfully used as ink to encrypt patterns and anti-counterfeiting information through inkjet printing technology. Compared with the existing probes, the probe shows some superior characteristics, which provides a promising tool for exploring the role of ClO- response sensor in the field of anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Silicone Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Ruochen Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Silicone Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Yiling Bei
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Silicone Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xing-Dong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Silicone Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenbing Kang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Silicone Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
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5
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Kinani S, Roumiguières A, Bouchonnet S. A Critical Review on Chemical Speciation of Chlorine-Produced Oxidants (CPOs) in Seawater. Part 2: Sampling, Sample Preparation and Non-Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric-Based Methods. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-20. [PMID: 36288103 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2135984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Chlorination of seawater forms a range of secondary oxidative species, collectively termed "chlorine-produced oxidants" (CPOs). These compounds do not have the same biocidal efficacy, the same fate and behavior in the marine environment, the same potential formation of chlorination by-products (CBPs), nor the same effects on marine organisms. Their chemical speciation is an important step toward an accurate assessment of the effectiveness of chlorination and the potential impacts of its releases, among others. The aim of this paper - which is the second of a trilogy dedicated to the chemical speciation of CPOs in seawater - is to cover all aspects related to CPOs analysis in seawater, from sampling to instrumental determination. First, it discusses the procedures involved in synthesis, storage, and standardization of analytical standards. Second, it deals with sampling and sample preparation, addressing all relevant issues related to these two key steps. Third, it provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the colorimetric, titrimetric, and electrochemical methods used for CPOs determination and thoroughly discusses their advantages and limitations. Finally, this review ends with some recommendations for progress in the field of CPO analysis with the three aforementioned approaches. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric-based methods will be covered in the third and final article (Part III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Kinani
- Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement (LNHE), Division Recherche et Développement, Electricité de France (EDF), Chatou Cedex, France
| | - Adrien Roumiguières
- Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement (LNHE), Division Recherche et Développement, Electricité de France (EDF), Chatou Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Bouchonnet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, Palaiseau, France
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6
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Dye Degradation by Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Photocatalysis Processes. A Scaled-up Approach for a CPC Solar Reactor. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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A Portable ‘Plug-and-Play’ Fibre Optic Sensor for In-Situ Measurements of pH Values for Microfluidic Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081224. [PMID: 36014146 PMCID: PMC9416338 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics is used in many applications ranging from chemistry, medicine, biology and biomedical research, and the ability to measure pH values in-situ is an important parameter for creating and monitoring environments within a microfluidic chip for many such applications. We present a portable, optical fibre-based sensor for monitoring the pH based on the fluorescent intensity change of an acrylamidofluorescein dye, immobilized on the tip of a multimode optical fibre, and its performance is evaluated in-situ in a microfluidic channel. The sensor showed a sigmoid response over the pH range of 6.0–8.5, with a maximum sensitivity of 0.2/pH in the mid-range at pH 7.5. Following its evaluation, the sensor developed was used in a single microfluidic PDMS channel and its response was monitored for various flow rates within the channel. The results thus obtained showed that the sensor is sufficiently robust and well-suited to be used for measuring the pH value of the flowing liquid in the microchannel, allowing it to be used for a number of practical applications in ‘lab-on-a-chip’ applications where microfluidics are used. A key feature of the sensor is its simplicity and the ease of integrating the sensor with the microfluidic channel being probed.
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8
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Zubiarrain-Laserna A, Angizi S, Akbar MA, Divigalpitiya R, Selvaganapathy PR, Kruse P. Detection of free chlorine in water using graphene-like carbon based chemiresistive sensors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2485-2496. [PMID: 35425275 PMCID: PMC8979178 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08264g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Free chlorine is the most commonly used water disinfectant. Measuring its concentration during and after water treatment is crucial to ensure its effectiveness. However, many of the existing methods do not allow for continuous on-line monitoring. Here we demonstrate a solid state chemiresistive sensor using graphene-like carbon (GLC) that overcomes that issue. GLC films that were either bare or non-covalently functionalized with the redox-active phenyl-capped aniline tetramer (PCAT) were successfully employed to quantify aqueous free chlorine, although functionalized devices showed better performance. The response of the sensors to increasing concentrations of free chlorine followed a Langmuir adsorption isotherm in the two tested ranges: 0.01–0.2 ppm and 0.2–1.4 ppm. The limit of detection was estimated to be 1 ppb, permitting the detection of breaches in chlorine filters. The devices respond to decreasing levels of free chlorine without the need for a reset, allowing for the continuous monitoring of fluctuations in the concentration. The maximum sensor response and saturation concentration were found to depend on the thickness of the GLC film. Hence, the sensitivity and dynamic range of the sensors can be tailored to different applications by adjusting the thickness of the films. Tap water samples from a residential area were tested using these sensors, which showed good agreement with standard colorimetric measurement methods. The devices did not suffer from interferences in the presence of ions commonly found in drinking water. Overall, these sensors are a cost-effective option for the continuous automated monitoring of free chlorine in drinking water. Chemiresistive sensors based on graphene-like carbon films are very stable and sensitive. They can be used for continuous online monitoring of free chlorine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zubiarrain-Laserna
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Shayan Angizi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Md Ali Akbar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | | | | | - Peter Kruse
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
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9
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Kongkaew S, Joonyong K, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, Limbut W. Fabrication and characterization of Prussian blue screen-printed working electrode and their application for free chlorine monitoring in swimming pool water. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Bhat MP, Kurkuri M, Losic D, Kigga M, Altalhi T. New optofluidic based lab-on-a-chip device for the real-time fluoride analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1159:338439. [PMID: 33867030 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) microfluidic channel coupled with UV-vis fibre-optic spectrometer and new synthesized colorimetric probe was integrated into an optofluidic based Lab-on-a-chip device for highly sensitive and real-time quantitative measurements of fluoride ions (F¯). An 'S' shaped microchannel in a microfluidic device was designed to act as microreactor to facilitate the continuous reaction between synthetized colorimetric probe (sensor) and F¯ ions. Following this reaction, the UV-vis optical probe in the downstream detection zone of the microfluidic device was used to capture their spectrum and present as F¯ concentration in real-time conditions. An initial study of the developed colorimetric probe with multi-colour change with several binding and chromophore groups such as -OH, -NH and -NO2 groups confirmed its high sensitivity and selectivity for F¯ ions with a detection limit of 0.79 ppm. The performance of the developed optofluidic device was evaluated for the selective, sensitive detection of F¯ ions including real samples out-performing conventional methods. The technology has advantages such as low sample consumption, rapid analysis, high sensitivity and portability. Presented new Lab-on-a-chip device provides many competitive advantages for the real-time analysis of F¯ ions needed across broad sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh P Bhat
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru, 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahaveer Kurkuri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru, 562112, Karnataka, India.
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, ARC Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Madhuprasad Kigga
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru, 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Tariq Altalhi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Raj W, Yang D, Priest C. Rapid Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Virtual Walls for Microfluidic Gas Extraction and Sensing. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12050514. [PMID: 34063277 PMCID: PMC8147491 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on the virtual walls concept, where fluids are guided by wettability, we demonstrate the application of a gas phase extraction microfluidic chip. Unlike in previous work, the chip is prepared using a simple, rapid, and low-cost fabrication method. Channels were cut into double-sided adhesive tape (280 µm thick) and bonded to hydrophilic glass slides. The tape was selectively made superhydrophobic by ‘dusting’ with hydrophobic silica gel to enhance the wettability contrast at the virtual walls. Finally, the two glass slides were bonded using tape, which acts as a spacer for gas transport from/to the guided liquids. In our example, the virtual walls create a stable liquid–vapor–liquid flow configuration for the extraction of a volatile analyte (ammonia), from one liquid stream to the other through the intermediate vapor phase. The collector stream contained a pH indicator to visualize the mass transport. Quantitative analysis of ammonium hydroxide in the sample stream (<1 mM) was possible using a characteristic onset time, where the first pH change in the collector stream was detected. The effect of gap length, flow rates, and pH of the collector stream on the onset time is demonstrated. Finally, we demonstrate the analysis of ammonium hydroxide in artificial human saliva to show that the virtual walls chip is suitable for extracting volatile analytes from biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Raj
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Daisy Yang
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Craig Priest
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
- Australian National Fabrication Facility—South Australia, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
- Correspondence:
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12
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Wang X, Liu Z, Cai Y, Wang B, Luo X. A cost-effective serpentine micromixer utilizing ellipse curve. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1155:338355. [PMID: 33766315 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to high mixing performance and simple geometry structure, serpentine micromixer is one typical passive micromixer that has been widely investigated. Traditional zigzag and square-wave serpentine micromixers can achieve sufficient mixing, but tend to induce significant pressure drop. The excessive pressure drop means more energy consumption, which leads to low cost-performance of mixing. To mitigate excessive pressure drop, a novel serpentine micromixer utilizing ellipse curve is proposed. While fluids flowing through ellipse curve microchannels, the flow directions keep continuous changing. Therefore, the Dean vortices are induced throughout the whole flow path. Numerical simulation and visualization experiments are conducted at Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 0.1 to 100. Dean vortices varies with the changing curvature in different ellipse curves, and local Dean numbers are calculated for quantitative evaluation. The results suggest that the ellipse with a larger eccentricity induces stronger Dean vortices, thus better mixing performance can be obtained. A parameter, named mixing performance cost (Mec), is proposed to evaluate the cost-performance of micromixers. Compared with the zigzag, square-wave and other improved serpentine micromixers, the ellipse curve micromixer produces lower pressure drop while have the capability to maintain excellent mixing performance. The ellipse curve micromixer is proved to be more cost-effective for rapid mixing in complex microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanqiang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China.
| | - Yukui Cai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Xichun Luo
- Centre for Precision Manufacturing, DMEM, University of Strathclyde, UK
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13
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Xu R, Zhao S, Nie L, Deng C, Hao S, Zhao X, Li J, Liu B, Ma J. Study on the Technology of Monodisperse Droplets by a High-Throughput and Instant-Mixing Droplet Microfluidic System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1263. [PMID: 33799990 PMCID: PMC7962067 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report a novel high-throughput and instant-mixing droplet microfluidic system that can prepare uniformly mixed monodisperse droplets at a flow rate of mL/min designed for rapid mixing between multiple solutions and the preparation of micro-/nanoparticles. The system is composed of a magneton micromixer and a T-junction microfluidic device. The magneton micromixer rapidly mixes multiple solutions uniformly through the rotation of the magneton, and the mixed solution is sheared into monodisperse droplets by the silicone oil in the T-junction microfluidic device. The optimal conditions of the preparation of monodisperse droplets for the system have been found and factors affecting droplet size are analyzed for correlation; for example, the structure of the T-junction microfluidic device, the rotation speed of the magneton, etc. At the same time, through the uniformity of the color of the mixed solution, the mixing performance of the system is quantitatively evaluated. Compared with mainstream micromixers on the market, the system has the best mixing performance. Finally, we used the system to simulate the internal gelation broth preparation of zirconium broth and uranium broth. The results show that the system is expected to realize the preparation of ceramic microspheres at room temperature without cooling by the internal gelation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jingtao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (R.X.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (C.D.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (B.L.)
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14
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Elmas S, Skipper K, Salehifar N, Jamieson T, Andersson GG, Nydén M, Leterme SC, Andersson MR. Cyclic Copper Uptake and Release from Natural Seawater-A Fully Sustainable Antifouling Technique to Prevent Marine Growth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:757-766. [PMID: 33337864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Unwanted growth of fouling organisms on underwater surfaces is an omnipresent challenge for the marine industry, costing billions of dollars every year in the transportation sector alone. Copper, the most widely used biocide in antifouling paints, is at the brink of a total ban in being used in antifouling coatings, as it has become an existential threat to nontargeted species due to anthropogenic copper inputs into protected waters. In the current study, using a porous and cross-linked poly(ethylene imine) structure under marine and fouling environments, available copper from natural seawater was absorbed and electrochemically released back as a potent biocide at 1.3 V vs Ag|AgCl, reducing marine growth by 94% compared to the control electrode (coupon) at 0 V. The coating can also function as an electrochemical copper sensor enabling real-time monitoring of the electrochemical uptake and release of copper ions from natural seawater. This allows tailoring of the electrochemical program to the changing marine environments, i.e., when the vessels move from high-copper-contaminated waters to coastal regions with low concentrations of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sait Elmas
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science & Technology, College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Karuna Skipper
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science & Technology, College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Nahideh Salehifar
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science & Technology, College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- MEMS&NEMS Laboratory, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tamar Jamieson
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science & Technology, College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Gunther G Andersson
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science & Technology, College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Magnus Nydén
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, 7 Wally's Walk, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Sophie C Leterme
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science & Technology, College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Mats R Andersson
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science & Technology, College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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