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Suzuki D, Terasaki N. Aerosol Doping System for Microscale Seamless p-n Patterning of Carbon Nanotube Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27596-27604. [PMID: 38760008 PMCID: PMC11145590 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) films are extensively researched as a promising material for wearable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) owing to their good flexibility and high thermoelectric conversion ability. Miniaturizing a pair of p- and n-type thermocouples and increasing the number of repeating elements can effectively increase the power of TEGs. However, conventional p-n patterning methods, such as dipping and printing, have a coarse resolution at the submillimeter level, thereby limiting the miniaturization rate. This study developed an aerosol doping system as a fine n-doping method. A dopant aerosol with a <3 μm diameter was formed through ultrasonic nebulization and air separation, while n-doping was achieved by exposing the CNT film to the dopant aerosol. Microscale p-n patterning of 1 μm was achieved through exposure using small-sized aerosols at an exceptionally slow rate of 3 Å/min. This resolution is 100 times higher than those of conventional p-n patterning methods. The developed aerosol doping system for CNTs can also be used on organic semiconductor materials, such as PEDOT/PSS and perovskite materials. Therefore, it has the potential to significantly impact the realization of Internet of Things (IoT) terminals, such as flexible TEGs, transistors, and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Suzuki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology (AIST), Saga 841-0052, Japan
| | - Nao Terasaki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology (AIST), Saga 841-0052, Japan
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2
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Ali I, Islam MR, Yin J, Eichhorn SJ, Chen J, Karim N, Afroj S. Advances in Smart Photovoltaic Textiles. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3871-3915. [PMID: 38261716 PMCID: PMC10851667 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Energy harvesting textiles have emerged as a promising solution to sustainably power wearable electronics. Textile-based solar cells (SCs) interconnected with on-body electronics have emerged to meet such needs. These technologies are lightweight, flexible, and easy to transport while leveraging the abundant natural sunlight in an eco-friendly way. In this Review, we comprehensively explore the working mechanisms, diverse types, and advanced fabrication strategies of photovoltaic textiles. Furthermore, we provide a detailed analysis of the recent progress made in various types of photovoltaic textiles, emphasizing their electrochemical performance. The focal point of this review centers on smart photovoltaic textiles for wearable electronic applications. Finally, we offer insights and perspectives on potential solutions to overcome the existing limitations of textile-based photovoltaics to promote their industrial commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ali
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), The University
of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
| | - Md Rashedul Islam
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), The University
of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
| | - Junyi Yin
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Stephen J. Eichhorn
- Bristol
Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Design Engineering, The University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nazmul Karim
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), The University
of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
- Nottingham
School of Art and Design, Nottingham Trent
University, Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, U.K.
| | - Shaila Afroj
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), The University
of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
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3
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Dinuwan
Gunawardhana KRS, Simorangkir RBVB, McGuinness GB, Rasel MS, Magre Colorado LA, Baberwal SS, Ward TE, O’Flynn B, Coyle SM. The Potential of Electrospinning to Enable the Realization of Energy-Autonomous Wearable Sensing Systems. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2649-2684. [PMID: 38230863 PMCID: PMC10832067 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The market for wearable electronic devices is experiencing significant growth and increasing potential for the future. Researchers worldwide are actively working to improve these devices, particularly in developing wearable electronics with balanced functionality and wearability for commercialization. Electrospinning, a technology that creates nano/microfiber-based membranes with high surface area, porosity, and favorable mechanical properties for human in vitro and in vivo applications using a broad range of materials, is proving to be a promising approach. Wearable electronic devices can use mechanical, thermal, evaporative and solar energy harvesting technologies to generate power for future energy needs, providing more options than traditional sources. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of how electrospinning technology can be used in energy-autonomous wearable wireless sensing systems. It provides an overview of the electrospinning technology, fundamental mechanisms, and applications in energy scavenging, human physiological signal sensing, energy storage, and antenna for data transmission. The review discusses combining wearable electronic technology and textile engineering to create superior wearable devices and increase future collaboration opportunities. Additionally, the challenges related to conducting appropriate testing for market-ready products using these devices are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Sanjaya Dinuwan
Gunawardhana
- School
of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight
SFI Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City
University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - M. Salauddin Rasel
- Insight
SFI Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City
University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luz A. Magre Colorado
- School
of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sonal S. Baberwal
- School
of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tomás E. Ward
- Insight
SFI Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City
University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
- School
of Computing, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan O’Flynn
- Tyndall
National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex
Dyke Parade, T12R5CP Cork, Ireland
| | - Shirley M. Coyle
- School
of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight
SFI Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City
University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Abeywickrama N, Kgatuke M, Marasinghe K, Nashed MN, Oliveira C, Shahidi AM, Dias T, Hughes-Riley T. The Design and Development of Woven Textile Solar Panels. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114129. [PMID: 37297263 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, alternative power supplies to either supplement or replace batteries for electronic textile and wearable applications have been sought, with the development of wearable solar energy harvesting systems gaining significant interest. In a previous publication the authors reported a novel concept to craft a yarn capable of harvesting solar energy by embedding miniature solar cells within the fibers of a yarn (solar electronic yarns). The aim of this publication is to report the development of a large-area textile solar panel. This study first characterized the solar electronic yarns, and then analyzed the solar electronic yarns once woven into double cloth woven textiles; as part of this study, the effect of different numbers of covering warp yarns on the performance of the embedded solar cells was explored. Finally, a larger woven textile solar panel (510 mm × 270 mm) was constructed and tested under different light intensities. It was observed that a PMAX = 335.3 ± 22.4 mW of energy could be harvested on a sunny day (under 99,000 lux lighting conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neranga Abeywickrama
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Matholo Kgatuke
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Kalana Marasinghe
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Mohamad Nour Nashed
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Carlos Oliveira
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Arash M Shahidi
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Tilak Dias
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Theodore Hughes-Riley
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
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Amrillah T, Prasetio A, Supandi AR, Sidiq DH, Putra FS, Nugroho MA, Salsabilla Z, Azmi R. Environment-friendly copper-based chalcogenide thin film solar cells: status and perspectives. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:313-339. [PMID: 36537134 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00983h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Copper chalcogenides (CuCh) have attracted considerable attention due to their promising potential as environmental-friendly photoactive material for lightweight and flexible thin film solar cells. Further, CuCh can be fabricated from simple to complex chemical compositions and offer a remarkable charge carrier mobility and excellent absorption coefficient with a desirable bandgap (up to ∼1.0 eV). Currently, they have demonstrated maximum power conversion efficiencies of over 23% for single-junction, around 25% and 28% for monolithic 2-Terminal (2T) and mechanically-stacked 4-Terminal (4T) perovskite/CuCh tandem solar cells, respectively. This article presents an overview of CuCh-based materials, from binary- to quaternary-CuCh compounds for single- and multi-junction solar cells. Then, we discuss the development of fabrication methods and the approaches taken to improve the performance of CuCh-based thin film itself, including chemical doping, the development of complement layers, and their potential application in flexible and lightweight devices. Finally, these technologies' stability, scalability, and toxicity aspects are discussed to enhance their current marketability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahta Amrillah
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidisciplinary, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Adi Prasetio
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdul Rohman Supandi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - David Hadid Sidiq
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidisciplinary, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Fajar Sukamto Putra
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidisciplinary, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Adi Nugroho
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidisciplinary, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Zahra Salsabilla
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidisciplinary, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Randi Azmi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Power Supply and Control Unit for Actively Heated Protective Clothing with Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15155656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
An active heating system has been developed for application in smart clothing for mountain rescuers. It uses a set of sensors and is aimed at gathering necessary data for the elaboration and testing of an automatic control algorithm. The system is powered by a lithium-ion battery pack, which can be additionally charged from flexible PV modules. The article presents an estimation of this system’s power supply requirements and its energy budget. Since the system’s maximum operation time strongly depends on the efficiency of its main power converter, the design of the latter was based on a model enabling power loss estimation in its particular components. Characteristics ultimately measured on a prototype showed a high agreement with simulations. Furthermore, five different arrangements of PV modules were studied in order to find the most effective one. The system was tested in real conditions for the three most promising PV module configurations.
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7
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Wang Q, He JH, Liu Z. Intelligent Nanomaterials for Solar Energy Harvesting: From Polar Bear Hairs to Unsmooth Nanofiber Fabrication. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:926253. [PMID: 35957639 PMCID: PMC9358136 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.926253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar bears can live in an extremely cold environment due to their hairs which possess some remarkable properties. The hollow structure of the hair enables the bear to absorb energy from water, and the white and transparent hairs possess amazing optical properties. However, the surface morphology function of bear hairs has been little-studied. Herein, we demonstrate that the micro-structured scales distributed periodically along the hair can absorb maximal radiative flux from the Sun. This polar bear hair effect has the ability for the hair surface not to reflect radiation with a wavelength of about 500 nm. Mimicking the polar bears’ solar performance in the fabrication of nanofibers will certainly stimulate intelligent nanomaterials for efficient solar energy absorption. Therefore, a new technology is discussed in this work for the fabrication of periodic unsmooth nanofibers toward solar energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Wang
- Department of Postgraduates, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Huan He
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Huan He, ; Zhi Liu,
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Huan He, ; Zhi Liu,
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8
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Pendulum-Based River Current Energy Converter for Hydrometric Monitoring Systems. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22114246. [PMID: 35684867 PMCID: PMC9185282 DOI: 10.3390/s22114246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Energy harvesting from flowing water is important for supplying hydrometric monitoring systems. Nevertheless, it is challenging due to the chaotic water flow in only one main direction and the relatively weak energy profile. In this paper, a novel energy harvester has been proposed, designed, and validated. The converter consists of a pendulum, a gearbox, two overrunning clutches, a spiral spring, and a generator. By coupling the kinetic energy via an oscillating mass equipped with a magnetic spring, it is possible to accommodate the power supply, electronics, and sensors with data transmission in a completely closed, encapsulated, stable housing without an interface to the outside. In addition, an energy management circuit and a battery charging circuit were developed that could be housed in the sealed enclosure. The pendulum transducer prototype was tested with the developed online hydrometric measurement station, which consists of a multi-channel data logger with a cellular modem and a tipping bucket rain gauge sensor. The overall system was successfully validated by experimental studies in a river.
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Dolez PI. Energy Harvesting Materials and Structures for Smart Textile Applications: Recent Progress and Path Forward. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:6297. [PMID: 34577509 PMCID: PMC8470160 DOI: 10.3390/s21186297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge with current wearable electronics and e-textiles, including sensors, is power supply. As an alternative to batteries, energy can be harvested from various sources using garments or other textile products as a substrate. Four different energy-harvesting mechanisms relevant to smart textiles are described in this review. Photovoltaic energy harvesting technologies relevant to textile applications include the use of high efficiency flexible inorganic films, printable organic films, dye-sensitized solar cells, and photovoltaic fibers and filaments. In terms of piezoelectric systems, this article covers polymers, composites/nanocomposites, and piezoelectric nanogenerators. The latest developments for textile triboelectric energy harvesting comprise films/coatings, fibers/textiles, and triboelectric nanogenerators. Finally, thermoelectric energy harvesting applied to textiles can rely on inorganic and organic thermoelectric modules. The article ends with perspectives on the current challenges and possible strategies for further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I Dolez
- Department of Human Ecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N1, Canada
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10
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Recent Advances in Fiber-Shaped Electronic Devices for Wearable Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11136131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fiber electronics is a key research area for realizing wearable microelectronic devices. Significant progress has been made in recent years in developing the geometry and composition of electronic fibers. In this review, we present that recent progress in the architecture and electrical properties of electronic fibers, including their fabrication methods. We intensively investigate the structural designs of fiber-shaped devices: coaxial, twisted, three-dimensional layer-by-layer, and woven structures. In addition, we introduce remarkable applications of fiber-shaped devices for energy harvesting/storage, sensing, and light-emitting devices. Electronic fibers offer high potential for use in next-generation electronics, such as electronic textiles and smart integrated textile systems, which require excellent deformability and high operational reliability.
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11
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Ali AE, Jeoti V, Stojanović GM. Fabric based printed-distributed battery for wearable e-textiles: a review. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:772-793. [PMID: 34552390 PMCID: PMC8451651 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1962203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wearable power supply devices and systems are important necessities for the emerging textile electronic applications. Current energy supply devices usually need more space than the device they power, and are often based on rigid and bulky materials, making them difficult to wear. Fabric-based batteries without any rigid electrical components are therefore ideal candidates to solve the problem of powering these devices. Printing technologies have greater potential in manufacturing lightweight and low-cost batteries with high areal capacity and generating high voltages which are crucial for electronic textile (e-textile) applications. In this review, we present various printing techniques, and battery chemistries applied for smart fabrics, and give a comparison between them in terms of their potential to power the next generation of electronic textiles. Series combinations of many of these printed and distributed battery cells, using electrically conducting threads, have demonstrated their ability to power different electronic devices with a specific voltage and current requirements. Therefore, the present review summarizes the chemistries and material components of several flexible and textile-based batteries, and provides an outlook for the future development of fabric-based printed batteries for wearable and electronic textile applications with enhanced level of DC voltage and current for long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan E. Ali
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- CONTACT Adnan E. Ali Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Novi Sad21000, Serbia
| | - Varun Jeoti
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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