1
|
Takallu S, Aiyelabegan HT, Zomorodi AR, Alexandrovna KV, Aflakian F, Asvar Z, Moradi F, Behbahani MR, Mirzaei E, Sarhadi F, Vakili-Ghartavol R. Nanotechnology improves the detection of bacteria: Recent advances and future perspectives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32020. [PMID: 38868076 PMCID: PMC11167352 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has advanced significantly, particularly in biomedicine, showing promise for nanomaterial applications. Bacterial infections pose persistent public health challenges due to the lack of rapid pathogen detection methods, resulting in antibiotic overuse and bacterial resistance, threatening the human microbiome. Nanotechnology offers a solution through nanoparticle-based materials facilitating early bacterial detection and combating resistance. This study explores recent research on nanoparticle development for controlling microbial infections using various nanotechnology-driven detection methods. These approaches include Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Sensors, Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Sensors, Optoelectronic-based sensors, Bacteriophage-Based Sensors, and nanotechnology-based aptasensors. These technologies provide precise bacteria detection, enabling targeted treatment and infection prevention. Integrating nanoparticles into detection approaches holds promise for enhancing patient outcomes and mitigating harmful bacteria spread in healthcare settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Takallu
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Rafati Zomorodi
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Aflakian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Asvar
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Moradi
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Rajaee Behbahani
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Sarhadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roghayyeh Vakili-Ghartavol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Nie G, Chen Z, Zhan S, Lan L. High-quality quasi-bound state in the continuum enabled single-nanoparticle virus detection. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3380-3383. [PMID: 38875625 DOI: 10.1364/ol.522831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have emerged as a powerful platform for boosting light-matter interactions because they provide an alternative way of realizing optical resonances with ultrahigh quality(Q-) factors, accompanied by extreme field confinement. In this work, we realized an optical biosensor by introducing a quasi-BIC (qBIC) supported by an elaborated all-dielectric dimer grating. Thanks to the excellent field confinement within the air gap of grating enabled by such a high-Q qBIC, the figure of merit (FOM) of a biosensor is up to 18,908.7 RIU-1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that such a high-Q grating can help push the limit of optical biosensing to the single-particle level. Our results may find exciting applications in extreme biochemical sensing like COVID-19 with ultralow concentration.
Collapse
|
3
|
Nurrohman DT, Chiu NF, Hsiao YS, Lai YJ, Nanda HS. Advances in Nanoplasmonic Biosensors: Optimizing Performance for Exosome Detection Applications. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:307. [PMID: 38920611 PMCID: PMC11201745 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of sensitive and specific exosome detection tools is essential because they are believed to provide specific information that is important for early detection, screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of cancer. Among the many detection tools, surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors are analytical devices that offer advantages in sensitivity and detection speed, thereby making the sample-analysis process faster and more accurate. In addition, the penetration depth of the SPR biosensor, which is <300 nm, is comparable to the size of the exosome, making the SPR biosensor ideal for use in exosome research. On the other hand, another type of nanoplasmonic sensor, namely a localized surface-plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor, has a shorter penetration depth of around 6 nm. Structural optimization through the addition of supporting layers and gap control between particles is needed to strengthen the surface-plasmon field. This paper summarizes the progress of the development of SPR and LSPR biosensors for detecting exosomes. Techniques in signal amplification from two sensors will be discussed. There are three main parts to this paper. The first two parts will focus on reviewing the working principles of each sensor and introducing several methods that can be used to isolate exosomes. This article will close by explaining the various sensor systems that have been developed and the optimizations carried out to obtain sensors with better performance. To illustrate the performance improvements in each sensor system discussed, the parameters highlighted include the detection limit, dynamic range, and sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devi Taufiq Nurrohman
- Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Biosensors, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan;
| | - Nan-Fu Chiu
- Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Biosensors, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan;
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Da-an District, Taipei 10607, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan;
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing, Jabalpur 482005, India;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dias Neves MA, Mendes Pinto I. AptaShield: A Universal Signal-Transduction System for Fast and High-Throughput Optical Molecular Biosensing. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1756-1762. [PMID: 38620013 PMCID: PMC11059090 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Biosensing technologies are often described to provide facile, sensitive, and minimally to noninvasive detection of molecular analytes across diverse scientific, environmental, and clinical diagnostic disciplines. However, commercialization has been very limited mostly due to the difficulty of biosensor reconfiguration for different analyte(s) and limited high-throughput capabilities. The immobilization of different biomolecular probes (e.g., antibodies, peptides, and aptamers) requires the sensor surface chemistry to be tailored to provide optimal probe coupling, orientation, and passivation and prevent nonspecific interactions. To overcome these challenges, here we report the development of a solution-phase biosensor consisting of an engineered aptamer, the AptaShield, capable of universally binding to any antigen recognition site (Fab') of fluorescently labeled immunoglobulins (IgG) produced in rabbits. The resulting AptaShield biosensor relies on a low affinity dynamic equilibrium between the fluorescently tagged aptamer and IgG to generate a specific Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal. As the analyte binds to the IgG, the AptaShield DNA aptamer-IgG complex dissociates, leading to an analyte concentration-dependent decrease of the FRET signal. The biosensor demonstrates high selectivity, specificity, and reproducibility for analyte quantification in different biological fluids (e.g., urine and blood serum) in a one-step and low sample volume (0.5-6.25 μL) format. The AptaShield provides a universal signal transduction mechanism as it can be coupled to different rabbit antibodies without the need for aptamer modification, therefore representing a robust high-throughput solution-phase technology suitable for point-of-care applications, overcoming the current limitations of gold standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for molecular profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel António Dias Neves
- Institute
for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular
and Analytical Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Mendes Pinto
- Institute
for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular
and Analytical Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Verma S, Pathak AK, Rahman BMA. Review of Biosensors Based on Plasmonic-Enhanced Processes in the Metallic and Meta-Material-Supported Nanostructures. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:502. [PMID: 38675314 PMCID: PMC11052336 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Surface plasmons, continuous and cumulative electron vibrations confined to metal-dielectric interfaces, play a pivotal role in aggregating optical fields and energies on nanostructures. This confinement exploits the intrinsic subwavelength nature of their spatial profile, significantly enhancing light-matter interactions. Metals, semiconductors, and 2D materials exhibit plasmonic resonances at diverse wavelengths, spanning from ultraviolet (UV) to far infrared, dictated by their unique properties and structures. Surface plasmons offer a platform for various light-matter interaction mechanisms, capitalizing on the orders-of-magnitude enhancement of the electromagnetic field within plasmonic structures. This enhancement has been substantiated through theoretical, computational, and experimental studies. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the plasmon-enhanced processes on metallic and metamaterial-based sensors, considering factors such as geometrical influences, resonating wavelengths, chemical properties, and computational methods. Our exploration extends to practical applications, encompassing localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based planar waveguides, polymer-based biochip sensors, and LSPR-based fiber sensors. Ultimately, we aim to provide insights and guidelines for the development of next-generation, high-performance plasmonic technological devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Verma
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Pathak
- Center for Smart Structures and Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - B. M. Azizur Rahman
- School of Science and Technology, City University of London, London EC1V0HB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nocerino V, Miranda B, Dardano P, Sanità G, Esposito E, De Stefano L. Protocol for synthesis of spherical silver nanoparticles with stable optical properties and characterization by transmission electron microscopy. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102920. [PMID: 38401124 PMCID: PMC10906526 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of metallic plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) faces challenges in stability and reproducibility, especially with silver. Here, we present a protocol for tunable synthesis of spherical silver NPs (AgNPs) with stable optical properties. We describe steps for preparing solutions, morphological characterization of AgNPs by transmission electron microscopy, and testing stability. AgNPs exhibit enduring stability and compatibility with various pH values. Moreover, they can be functionalized for optical biosensing applications, offering versatility in nanomaterial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Nocerino
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Engineering (DI), University of Naples Parthenope, Centro Direzionale Isola (C4), 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Miranda
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Principia Dardano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Sanità
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), Naples Cryo Electron Microscopy Laboratory - EYE LAB, National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), Naples Cryo Electron Microscopy Laboratory - EYE LAB, National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shirzad H, Panji M, Nezhad SAM, Houshmand P, Tamai IA. One-pot rapid visual detection of E. coli O157:H7 by label-free AuNP-based plasmonic-aptasensor in water sample. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 217-218:106858. [PMID: 38040292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Access to clean water for irrigation and drinking has long been a global concern. The need for fast, precise, and cost-effective methods to detect harmful bacteria like Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 is high due to the potential for severe infectious diseases. Fortunately, recent research has led to developing and utilizing rapid bacterial detection methods. The creation of an aptamer-based biosensor (aptasensor) for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 using label-free aptamers and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is described in this study. The specific aptamers that can detect target bacteria are adsorbed on the surface of unmodified AuNPs to form the aptasensor. The detection is performed by target bacterium-induced aptasensor aggregation, which is associated with a red-to-purple color change under high-salt circumstances. We devised a quick and easy method for detecting bacteria using an anti-E. coli O157:H7 aptamer without the need for specialized equipment or pretreatment processes like cell lysis. The aptasensor could identify target bacteria with only as few as 250 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml in 15 min or less, and its specificity based on our test was 100%. This method not only provides a fast direct preparation process but also exhibits remarkable proficiency in promptly identifying the intended target with a heightened level of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, it can serve as an intelligent tool for monitoring water reservoirs and preventing the transmission of infectious diseases associated with EHEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Shirzad
- Research Center for Life & Health Sciences & Biotechnology of the Police, Directorate of Health, Rescue & Treatment, Police Headquarter, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Panji
- Research Center for Life & Health Sciences & Biotechnology of the Police, Directorate of Health, Rescue & Treatment, Police Headquarter, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amin Mousavi Nezhad
- Research Center for Life & Health Sciences & Biotechnology of the Police, Directorate of Health, Rescue & Treatment, Police Headquarter, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Houshmand
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Xie M, Nie G, Wang J, Huang L. Pushing Optical Virus Detection to a Single Particle through a High- Q Quasi-bound State in the Continuum in an All-dielectric Metasurface. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10762-10768. [PMID: 38010952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have emerged as a powerful platform for boosting light-matter interactions because they provide an alternative way of realizing optical resonances with ultrahigh quality factors, accompanied by extreme field confinement. In this work, we realized an optical biosensor by harnessing a quasi-BIC (qBIC) supported by an all-dielectric metasurface with broken symmetry, whose unit cell is composed of a silicon cuboid with two asymmetric air holes. Thanks to the excellent field confinement within the air gap of a metasurface enabled by such a high-Q qBIC, the figure of merit (FOM) of the biosensor is up to 2136.35 RIU-1. Futhermore, we demonstrated that such a high-Q metasurface can push the detection limit to a few virus particles. Our results may find exciting applications in extreme biochemical sensing like COVID-19 with ultralow concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensors and New Sensor Materials, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Mingxin Xie
- School of Microelectronics and Physics, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Guozheng Nie
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensors and New Sensor Materials, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
- School of Microelectronics and Physics, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Lujun Huang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumela AG, Gemta AB, Hordofa AK, Birhanu R, Mekonnen HD, Sherefedin U, Weldegiorgis K. A review on hybridization of plasmonic and photonic crystal biosensors for effective cancer cell diagnosis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6382-6399. [PMID: 38024311 PMCID: PMC10662028 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00541k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer causes one in six deaths worldwide, and 1.6 million cancer patients face annual out-of-pocket medical expenditures. In response to these, portable, label-free, highly sensitive, specific, and responsive optical biosensors are under development. Therefore, in this review, the recent advances, advantages, performance analysis, and current challenges associated with the fabrication of plasmonic biosensors, photonic crystals, and the hybridization of both for cancer diagnosis are assessed. The primary focus is on the development of biosensors that combine different shapes, sizes, and optical properties of metallic and dielectric nanoparticles with various coupling techniques. The latter part discusses the challenges and prospects of developing effective biosensors for early cancer diagnosis using dielectric and metallic nanoparticles. These data will help the audience advance research and development of next-generation plasmonic biosensors for effective cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alemayehu Getahun Kumela
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Belay Gemta
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Kebede Hordofa
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Ruth Birhanu
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Dagnaw Mekonnen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Umer Sherefedin
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Kinfe Weldegiorgis
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Bule Hora University Bule Hora Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aili M, Zhou K, Zhan J, Zheng H, Luo F. Anti-inflammatory role of gold nanoparticles in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8605-8621. [PMID: 37615596 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01023f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes memory and cognitive dysfunction and reduces a person's decision-making and reasoning functions. AD is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Patients with AD have increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the nervous system, and the sustained inflammatory response impairs neuronal function. Meanwhile, long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce the incidence of AD to some extent. This confirms that anti-neuroinflammation may be an effective treatment for AD. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an emerging nanomaterial with promising physicochemical properties, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. AuNPs reduce neuroinflammation by inducing macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, blocking leukocyte adhesion, and decreasing oxidative stress. Therefore, AuNPs are gradually attracting the interest of scholars and are used for treating inflammatory diseases and drug delivery. Herein, we explored the role and mechanism of AuNPs in treating neuroinflammation in AD. The use of AuNPs for treating AD is a topic worth exploring in the future, not only to help solve a global public health problem but also to provide a reference for treating other neuroinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munire Aili
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Kebing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jun Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huaping Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Rare Diseases Center, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin Nanlu, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee G, Cho Y, Ok G. Improved analysis of THz metamaterials for glucose sensing based on modified Lorentz dispersion model. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122519. [PMID: 36812756 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Resonant structures, such as metamaterials, which can focus electromagnetic fields on a localized spot, are essential to perform label-free detection with high sensitivity in the terahertz (THz) range. Moreover, the refractive index (RI) of a sensing analyte is the most important aspect in the optimization of the characteristics of a highly sensitive resonant structure. However, in previous studies, the sensitivity of metamaterials was calculated while considering the RI of an analyte as a constant value. Consequently, the result for a sensing material with a specific absorption spectrum was inaccurate. To solve this problem, this study developed a modified Lorentz model. Split-ring resonator-based metamaterials were fabricated to verify the model, and the glucose-sensing range from 0 to 500 mg/dL was measured using a commercial THz time-domain spectroscopy system. In addition, a finite-difference time-domain simulation was implemented based on the modified Lorentz model and fabrication design of the metamaterials. The calculation results were compared with the measurement results and were found to be consistent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyuseok Lee
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Cho
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongsik Ok
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tang Y, Hardy TJ, Yoon JY. Receptor-based detection of microplastics and nanoplastics: Current and future. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 234:115361. [PMID: 37148803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is an emerging environmental concern, gaining significant attention worldwide. They are classified into microplastics (MP; defined from 1 μm to 5 mm) and smaller nanoplastics (NP; <1 μm). NPs may pose higher ecological risks than MPs. Various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques have been used to detect MPs, and the same methods have occasionally been used for NPs. However, they are not based on receptors, which provide high specificity in most biosensing applications. Receptor-based micro/nanoplastics (MNP) detection can provide high specificity, distinguishing MNPs from the environmental samples and, more importantly, identifying the plastic types. It can also offer a low limit of detection (LOD) required for environmental screening. Such receptors are expected to detect NPs specifically at the molecular level. This review categorizes the receptors into cells, proteins, peptides, fluorescent dyes, polymers, and micro/nanostructures. Detection techniques used with these receptors are also summarized and categorized. There is plenty of room for future research to test for broader classes of environmental samples and many plastic types, to lower the LOD, and to apply the current techniques for NPs. Portable and handheld MNP detection should also be demonstrated for field use since the current demonstrations primarily utilized laboratory instruments. Detection on microfluidic platforms will also be crucial in miniaturizing and automating the assay and, eventually, collecting an extensive database to support machine learning-based classification of MNP types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisha Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Trinity J Hardy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Robson T, Shah DSH, Welbourn RJL, Phillips SR, Clifton LA, Lakey JH. Fully Aqueous Self-Assembly of a Gold-Nanoparticle-Based Pathogen Sensor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087599. [PMID: 37108766 PMCID: PMC10145400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a very sensitive measure of biomolecular interactions but is generally too expensive for routine analysis of clinical samples. Here we demonstrate the simplified formation of virus-detecting gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assemblies on glass using only aqueous buffers at room temperature. The AuNP assembled on silanized glass and displayed a distinctive absorbance peak due to the localized SPR (LSPR) response of the AuNPs. Next, assembly of a protein engineering scaffold was followed using LSPR and a sensitive neutron reflectometry approach, which measured the formation and structure of the biological layer on the spherical AuNP. Finally, the assembly and function of an artificial flu sensor layer consisting of an in vitro-selected single-chain antibody (scFv)-membrane protein fusion was followed using the LSPR response of AuNPs within glass capillaries. In vitro selection avoids the need for separate animal-derived antibodies and allows for the rapid production of low-cost sensor proteins. This work demonstrates a simple approach to forming oriented arrays of protein sensors on nanostructured surfaces that uses (i) an easily assembled AuNP silane layer, (ii) self-assembly of an oriented protein layer on AuNPs, and (iii) simple highly specific artificial receptor proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Robson
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Deepan S H Shah
- Orla Protein Technologies Ltd., Biosciences Centre, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Rebecca J L Welbourn
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, UK
| | - Sion R Phillips
- Orla Protein Technologies Ltd., Biosciences Centre, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Luke A Clifton
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, UK
| | - Jeremy H Lakey
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
García-Hernández LA, Martínez-Martínez E, Pazos-Solís D, Aguado-Preciado J, Dutt A, Chávez-Ramírez AU, Korgel B, Sharma A, Oza G. Optical Detection of Cancer Cells Using Lab-on-a-Chip. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040439. [PMID: 37185514 PMCID: PMC10136345 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The global need for accurate and efficient cancer cell detection in biomedicine and clinical diagnosis has driven extensive research and technological development in the field. Precision, high-throughput, non-invasive separation, detection, and classification of individual cells are critical requirements for successful technology. Lab-on-a-chip devices offer enormous potential for solving biological and medical problems and have become a priority research area for microanalysis and manipulating cells. This paper reviews recent developments in the detection of cancer cells using the microfluidics-based lab-on-a-chip method, focusing on describing and explaining techniques that use optical phenomena and a plethora of probes for sensing, amplification, and immobilization. The paper describes how optics are applied in each experimental method, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The discussion includes a summary of current challenges and prospects for cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Abraham García-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro C.P. 76703, Mexico
| | | | - Denni Pazos-Solís
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Querétaro C.P. 76130, Mexico
| | - Javier Aguado-Preciado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Querétaro C.P. 76130, Mexico
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Circuito Exterior S/N Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Abraham Ulises Chávez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro C.P. 76703, Mexico
| | - Brian Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1062, USA
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Querétaro C.P. 76130, Mexico
| | - Goldie Oza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro C.P. 76703, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alawajji RA, Alsudani ZAN, Biris AS, Kannarpady GK. Biosensor Design for the Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells Using the Quartz Crystal Resonator Technique. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040433. [PMID: 37185508 PMCID: PMC10136100 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A new mass-sensitive biosensing approach for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using a quartz crystal resonator (QCR) has been developed. A mathematical model was used to design a ring electrode-based QCR to eliminate the Gaussian spatial distribution of frequency response in the first harmonic mode, a characteristic of QCRs, without compromising the sensitivity of frequency response. An ink-dot method was used to validate the ring electrode fabricated based on our model. Furthermore, the ring electrode QCR was experimentally tested for its ability to capture circulating tumor cells, and the results were compared with a commercially available QCR with a keyhole electrode. An indirect method of surface immobilization technique was employed via modification of the SiO2 surface of the ring electrode using a silane, protein, and anti-EpCAM. The ring electrode successfully demonstrated eliminating the spatial nonuniformity of frequency response for three cancer cell lines, i.e., MCF-7, PANC-1, and PC-3, compared with the keyhole QCR, which showed nonuniform spatial response for the same cancer cell lines. These results are promising for developing QCR-based biosensors for the early detection of cancer cells, with the potential for point-of-care diagnosis for cancer screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raad A Alawajji
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq
| | - Zeid A Nima Alsudani
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Alexandrus S Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Ganesh K Kannarpady
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mitsushio M, Miyahara A, Yoshidome T, Nakatake S. Development of a multi-functional SPR sensing system using a square glass rod with two gold-deposited adjacent faces. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:601-606. [PMID: 36694042 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A multi-functional sensing system based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon using a square glass rod with two gold-deposited adjacent faces was developed in this work. This sensor system consists of a unpolarized light-emitting diode, a gold-deposited square glass rod, a polarizing beam splitter, and two photodiodes. The SPR responses of two adjacent faces are independently and simultaneously measured with a polarizing beam splitter and two PDs. The response property of the gold-deposited face was confirmed using methanol solutions of ethylene glycol. The response curve of the sensor of the 45 nm gold-deposited face was compared with the theoretical curve calculated using multi-layer Fresnel equations. It was confirmed that the experimental curve is similar to the theoretical one. An evaluation was carried out on the square glass rod, which has an unmodified face and Teflon AF2400 coated gold-deposited face as multi-functional sensor. It was confirmed that this sensor can simultaneously measure the ethanol concentration in the glucose mix solution and refractive index of the sample from the calibration curve. Since this sensor can measure multiple components simultaneously, expected applications to various fields include medical diagnosis, food analysis, and environmental monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Mitsushio
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Miyahara
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yoshidome
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Sadafumi Nakatake
- Kagoshima University Southern Kyushu and Nansei Islands Innovation Center, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Divya J, Selvendran S. Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Gold-Coated Hollow-Core Negative Curvature Optical Fiber Sensor. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:148. [PMID: 36831914 PMCID: PMC9953642 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The hollow-core fiber-based sensor has garnered high interest due to its simple structure and low transmission loss. A new hollow-core negative-curvature fiber (HC-NCF) sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique is proposed in this work. The cladding region is composed of six circular silica tubes and two elliptical silica tubes to reduce fabrication complexity. Chemically stable gold is used as a plasmonic material on the inner wall of the sensor structure to induce the SPR effect. The proposed sensor detects a minor variation in the refractive indices (RIs) of the analyte placed in the hollow core. Numerical investigations are carried out using the finite element method (FEM). Through the optimization of structural parameters, the maximum wavelength sensitivity of 6000 nm/RIU and the highest resolution of 2.5 × 10-5 RIU are achieved in the RI range of 1.31 to 1.36. In addition, an improved figure of merit (FOM) of 2000 RIU-1 for Y-polarization and 857.1 RIU-1 for X-polarization is obtained. Because of its simple structure, high sensitivity, high FOM, and low transmission loss, the proposed sensor can be used as a temperature sensor, a chemical sensor, and a biosensor.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ortiz-Riaño EJ, Mancera-Zapata DL, Ulloa-Ramírez M, Arce-Vega F, Morales-Narváez E. Measurement of Protein Kinetics Using a Liquid Phase-Based Biosensing Platform. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15553-15557. [PMID: 36253365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular association is crucial to many fields in biomedical sciences, including drug development, gene editing, and diagnostics. In particular, protein-protein association and dissociation rate constants are typically determined using surface plasmon resonance systems, which require costly instrumentation and cumbersome procedures (e.g., blocking, washing, and separation). Herein, we demonstrate that protein-binding constants can be readily determined using a real-time biosensing platform facilitated by graphene oxide-modified microwell plates and fluorophore-labeled proteins, where the fluorescent probes remain highly fluorescent during protein association, whereas fluorescent bioprobes that are not associated with their counterparts are quenched by graphene oxide. Binding data of three pairs of proteins were systematically determined employing this single-step platform and compared with those data reported by the suppliers or the literature, suggesting that this approach is comparable and consistent with the existing ones. Such pairs include (i) human immunoglobulin G (H-IgG)-fluorophore-labeled anti-H-IgG, (ii) prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-quantum dot-labeled anti-PSA, and (iii) anti-RBD-fluorophore-labeled SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain recombinant protein. We also offer an open-source software that automatically determines the binding kinetics constants of proteins. This Technical Note introduces a simple, yet effective, platform to determine relevant information on protein kinetics, which can be performed using a microwell plate reader and economical materials like graphene oxide. We foresee a new generation of diagnostics based on our affordable protein kinetics analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J Ortiz-Riaño
- Biophotonic Nanosensors Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A. C., Loma del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre, León, Guanajuato37150, Mexico
| | - Diana L Mancera-Zapata
- Biophotonic Nanosensors Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A. C., Loma del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre, León, Guanajuato37150, Mexico
| | - Martha Ulloa-Ramírez
- Biophotonic Nanosensors Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A. C., Loma del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre, León, Guanajuato37150, Mexico.,Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara44100, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Fernando Arce-Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A. C., Loma del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre, León37150, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Eden Morales-Narváez
- Biophotonic Nanosensors Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A. C., Loma del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre, León, Guanajuato37150, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Proença M, Rodrigues MS, Meira DI, Castro MCR, Rodrigues PV, Machado AV, Alves E, Barradas NP, Borges J, Vaz F. Optimization of Au:CuO Thin Films by Plasma Surface Modification for High-Resolution LSPR Gas Sensing at Room Temperature. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22187043. [PMID: 36146392 PMCID: PMC9501632 DOI: 10.3390/s22187043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, thin films composed of gold nanoparticles embedded in a copper oxide matrix (Au:CuO), manifesting Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) behavior, were produced by reactive DC magnetron sputtering and post-deposition in-air annealing. The effect of low-power Ar plasma etching on the surface properties of the plasmonic thin films was studied, envisaging its optimization as gas sensors. Thus, this work pretends to attain the maximum sensing response of the thin film system and to demonstrate its potential as a gas sensor. The results show that as Ar plasma treatment time increases, the host CuO matrix is etched while Au nanoparticles are uncovered, which leads to an enhancement of the sensitivity until a certain limit. Above such a time limit for plasma treatment, the CuO bonds are broken, and oxygen is removed from the film's surface, resulting in a decrease in the gas sensing capabilities. Hence, the importance of the host matrix for the design of the LSPR sensor is also demonstrated. CuO not only provides stability and protection to the Au NPs but also promotes interactions between the thin film's surface and the tested gases, thereby improving the nanocomposite film's sensitivity. The optimized sensor sensitivity was estimated at 849 nm/RIU, which demonstrates that the Au-CuO thin films have the potential to be used as an LSPR platform for gas sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Proença
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marco S. Rodrigues
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana I. Meira
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M. Cidalia R. Castro
- Instituto de Polímeros e Compósitos, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro V. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Polímeros e Compósitos, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana V. Machado
- Instituto de Polímeros e Compósitos, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Alves
- IPFN, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 Bobadela LRS, 2695-066 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno P. Barradas
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 Bobadela LRS, 2695-066 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joel Borges
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253-510-471
| | - Filipe Vaz
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Juste-Dolz A, Delgado-Pinar M, Avella-Oliver M, Fernández E, Cruz JL, Andrés MV, Maquieira Á. Denaturing for Nanoarchitectonics: Local and Periodic UV-Laser Photodeactivation of Protein Biolayers to Create Functional Patterns for Biosensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41640-41648. [PMID: 36047566 PMCID: PMC9940103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The nanostructuration of biolayers has become a paradigm for exploiting nanoscopic light-matter phenomena for biosensing, among other biomedical purposes. In this work, we present a photopatterning method to create periodic structures of biomacromolecules based on a local and periodic mild denaturation of protein biolayers mediated by UV-laser irradiation. These nanostructures are constituted by a periodic modulation of the protein activity, so they are free of topographic and compositional changes along the pattern. Herein, we introduce the approach, explore the patterning parameters, characterize the resulting structures, and assess their overall homogeneity. This UV-based patterning principle has proven to be an easy, cost-effective, and fast way to fabricate large areas of homogeneous one-dimensional protein patterns (2 min, 15 × 1.2 mm, relative standard deviation ≃ 16%). This work also investigates the implementation of these protein patterns as transducers for diffractive biosensing. Using a model immunoassay, these patterns have demonstrated negligible signal contributions from non-specific bindings and comparable experimental limits of detection in buffer media and in human serum (53 and 36 ng·mL-1 of unlabeled IgG, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Juste-Dolz
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Martina Delgado-Pinar
- Department
of Applied Physics and Electromagnetism-ICMUV, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Miquel Avella-Oliver
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Estrella Fernández
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Luís Cruz
- Department
of Applied Physics and Electromagnetism-ICMUV, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Miguel V. Andrés
- Department
of Applied Physics and Electromagnetism-ICMUV, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yoo SM, Jeon YM, Heo SY. Electrochemiluminescence Systems for the Detection of Biomarkers: Strategical and Technological Advances. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090738. [PMID: 36140123 PMCID: PMC9496345 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based sensing systems rely on light emissions from luminophores, which are generated by high-energy electron transfer reactions between electrogenerated species on an electrode. ECL systems have been widely used in the detection and monitoring of diverse, disease-related biomarkers due to their high selectivity and fast response times, as well as their spatial and temporal control of luminance, high controllability, and a wide detection range. This review focuses on the recent strategic and technological advances in ECL-based biomarker detection systems. We introduce several sensing systems for medical applications that are classified according to the reactions that drive ECL signal emissions. We also provide recent examples of sensing strategies and technologies based on factors that enhance sensitivity and multiplexing abilities as well as simplify sensing procedures. This review also discusses the potential strategies and technologies for the development of ECL systems with an enhanced detection ability.
Collapse
|
22
|
Cao F, Zhao X, Lv X, Hu L, Jiang W, Yang F, Chi L, Chang P, Xu C, Xie Y. An LSPR Sensor Integrated with VCSEL and Microfluidic Chip. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152607. [PMID: 35957038 PMCID: PMC9370176 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The work introduces a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor chip integrated with vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Using VCSEL as the light source, the hexagonal gold nanoparticle array was integrated with anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as the mask on the light-emitting end face. The sensitivity sensing test of the refractive index solution was realized, combined with microfluidic technology. At the same time, the finite-difference time- domain (FDTD) algorithm was applied to model and simulate the gold nanostructures. The experimental results showed that the output power of the sensor was related to the refractive index of the sucrose solution. The maximum sensitivity of the sensor was 1.65 × 106 nW/RIU, which gives it great application potential in the field of biomolecular detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Xupeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Xiaoqing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductor, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-10-67391641-868 (Y.X.)
| | - Liangchen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Wenhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Li Chi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-10-67391641-868 (Y.X.)
| | - Pengying Chang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Yiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-10-67391641-868 (Y.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Malik MA, Batterjee MG, Kamli MR, Alzahrani KA, Danish EY, Nabi A. Polyphenol-Capped Biogenic Synthesis of Noble Metallic Silver Nanoparticles for Antifungal Activity against Candida auris. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060639. [PMID: 35736122 PMCID: PMC9225145 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In terms of reduced toxicity, the biologically inspired green synthesis of nanoparticles has emerged as a promising alternative to chemically fabricated nanoparticles. The use of a highly stable, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly aqueous extract of Cynara cardunculus as a reducing and capping agent in this study demonstrated the possibility of green manufacturing of silver nanoparticles (CC-AgNPs). UV-visible spectroscopy validated the development of CC-AgNPs, indicating the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) λmax band at 438 nm. The band gap of CC-AgNPs was found to be 2.26 eV. SEM and TEM analysis examined the surface morphology of CC-AgNPs, and micrographs revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical. The crystallinity, crystallite size, and phase purity of as-prepared nanoparticles were confirmed using XRD analysis, and it was confirmed that the CC-AgNPs were a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline-structured material. Furthermore, the role of active functional groups involved in the reduction and surface capping of CC-AgNPs was revealed using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique. CC-AgNPs were mostly spherical and monodispersed, with an average size of 26.89 nm, and were shown to be stable for a longer period without any noticeable change at room temperature. Further, we checked the antifungal mechanism of CC-AgNPs against C. auris MRL6057. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) were 50.0 µg/mL and 100.0 µg/mL respectively. The cell count and viability assay confirmed the fungicidal potential of CC-AgNPs. Further, the analysis showed that CC-AgNPs could induce apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in C. auris MRL6057. Our results also suggest that the CC-AgNPs were responsible for the induction of mitochondrial toxicity. TUNEL assay results revealed that higher concentrations of CC-AgNPs could cause DNA fragmentation. Therefore, the present study suggested that CC-AgNPs hold the capacity for antifungal drug development against C. auris infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ahmad Malik
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.B.); (K.A.A.); (E.Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maha G. Batterjee
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.B.); (K.A.A.); (E.Y.D.)
| | - Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Ahmed Alzahrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.B.); (K.A.A.); (E.Y.D.)
| | - Ekram Y. Danish
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.B.); (K.A.A.); (E.Y.D.)
| | - Arshid Nabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
A method for the controllable fabrication of optical fiber-based localized surface plasmon resonance sensors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9566. [PMID: 35688862 PMCID: PMC9187767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical fiber-based Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (OF-LSPR) biosensors have emerged as an ultra-sensitive miniaturized tool for a great variety of applications. Their fabrication by the chemical immobilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the optic fiber end face is a simple and versatile method. However, it can render poor reproducibility given the number of parameters that influence the binding of the AuNPs. In order to develop a method to obtain OF-LSPR sensors with high reproducibility, we studied the effect that factors such as temperature, AuNPs concentration, fiber core size and time of immersion had on the number and aggregation of AuNPs on the surface of the fibers and their resonance signal. Our method consisted in controlling the deposition of a determined AuNPs density on the tip of the fiber by measuring its LSPR signal (or plasmonic signal, Sp) in real-time. Sensors created thus were used to measure changes in the refractive index of their surroundings and the results showed that, as the number of AuNPs on the probes increased, the changes in the Sp maximum values were ever lower but the wavelength shifts were higher. These results highlighted the relevance of controlling the relationship between the sensor composition and its performance.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu F, Li J, Jiang Y, Wang L, Yang X, Li X, Lü W, Sun X. Boosting Low-Temperature Resistance of Energy Storage Devices by Photothermal Conversion Effects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23400-23407. [PMID: 35536010 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While flexible supercapacitors with high capacitance and energy density is highly desired for outdoor wearable electronics, their application under low-temperature environments, like other energy storage devices, remains an urgent challenge. Solar thermal energy converts solar light into heat and has been extensively applied for solar desalination and power generation. In the present work, to address the failure problem of energy storage devices in a cold environment, solar thermal energy was used to improve flexible supercapacitor performance at low temperature. As a proof of concept presented here, a typical all-solid-state supercapacitor composed of activated carbon electrodes and gel polymer electrolyte was coated by a carbonized melamine sponge. Due to the ability of photothermal conversion of carbonized melamine sponge, the capacitance of the supercapacitor was greatly enhanced, which could be further improved by adding surface plasmonic nanomaterials, for example, Ag nanowires. Compared with the device without photothermal conversion layers, the specific capacitance increased 3.48 times at -20 °C and retained 87% capacitance at room temperature and the specific capacitance increased 6.69 times at -50 °C and retained 73% capacitance at room temperature. The present work may provide new insights on the application of solar energy and the design of energy storage devices with excellent low-temperature resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialun Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- School of Science, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lü
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Immobilization of Streptavidin on a Plasmonic Au-TiO2 Thin Film towards an LSPR Biosensing Platform. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091526. [PMID: 35564234 PMCID: PMC9102245 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical biosensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) are the future of label-free detection methods. This work reports the development of plasmonic thin films, containing Au nanoparticles dispersed in a TiO2 matrix, as platforms for LSPR biosensors. Post-deposition treatments were employed, namely annealing at 400 °C, to develop an LSPR band, and Ar plasma, to improve the sensitivity of the Au-TiO2 thin film. Streptavidin and biotin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were chosen as the model receptor–analyte, to prove the efficiency of the immobilization method and to demonstrate the potential of the LSPR-based biosensor. The Au-TiO2 thin films were activated with O2 plasma, to promote the streptavidin immobilization as a biorecognition element, by increasing the surface hydrophilicity (contact angle drop to 7°). The interaction between biotin and the immobilized streptavidin was confirmed by the detection of HRP activity (average absorbance 1.9 ± 0.6), following a protocol based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, an LSPR wavelength shift was detectable (0.8 ± 0.1 nm), resulting from a plasmonic thin-film platform with a refractive index sensitivity estimated to be 33 nm/RIU. The detection of the analyte using these two different methods proves that the functionalization protocol was successful and the Au-TiO2 thin films have the potential to be used as an LSPR platform for label-free biosensors.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Current advances in the fabrication of smart nanomaterials and nanostructured surfaces find wide usage in the biomedical field. In this context, nanosensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance exhibit unprecedented optical features that can be exploited to reduce the costs, analytic times, and need for expensive lab equipment. Moreover, they are promising for the design of nanoplatforms with multiple functionalities (e.g., multiplexed detection) with large integration within microelectronics and microfluidics. In this review, we summarize the most recent design strategies, fabrication approaches, and bio-applications of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) arranged in colloids, nanoarrays, and nanocomposites. After a brief introduction on the physical principles behind plasmonic nanostructures both as inherent optical detection and as nanoantennas for external signal amplification, we classify the proposed examples in colloid-based devices when plasmonic NPs operate in solution, nanoarrays when they are assembled or fabricated on rigid substrates, and nanocomposites when they are assembled within flexible/polymeric substrates. We highlight the main biomedical applications of the proposed devices and offer a general overview of the main strengths and limitations of the currently available plasmonic nanodevices.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen XF, Zhao X, Yang Z. Aptasensors for the detection of infectious pathogens: design strategies and point-of-care testing. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:443. [PMID: 36350388 PMCID: PMC9643942 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic of infectious diseases caused by contagious pathogens is a life-threatening hazard to the entire human population worldwide. A timely and accurate diagnosis is the critical link in the fight against infectious diseases. Aptamer-based biosensors, the so-called aptasensors, employ nucleic acid aptamers as bio-receptors for the recognition of target pathogens of interest. This review focuses on the design strategies as well as state-of-the-art technologies of aptasensor-based diagnostics for infectious pathogens (mainly bacteria and viruses), covering the utilization of three major signal transducers, the employment of aptamers as recognition moieties, the construction of versatile biosensing platforms (mostly micro and nanomaterial-based), innovated reporting mechanisms, and signal enhancement approaches. Advanced point-of-care testing (POCT) for infectious disease diagnostics are also discussed highlighting some representative ready-to-use devices to address the urgent needs of currently prevalent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pressing issues in aptamer-based technology and some future perspectives of aptasensors are provided for the implementation of aptasensor-based diagnostics into practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, 510005, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li C, Liu X, Du X, Yang T, Li Q, Jin L. Preparation and optical properties of nanostructure thin films. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|