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Nakum R, Ghosh AK, Ranjan Jali B, Sahoo SK. Fluorescent ovalbumin-functionalized gold nanocluster as a highly sensitive and selective sensor for relay detection of salicylaldehyde, Hg(II) and folic acid. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124143. [PMID: 38471309 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective relay-based scheme for the detection of salicylaldehyde, Hg2+, and folic acid (FA) has been demonstrated using fluorescent ovalbumin functionalized gold nanoclusters (OVA-AuNCs, λem = 655 nm) in this article. The OVA-AuNCs were conjugated to salicylaldehyde via an imine linkage to form Salic_OVA-AuNCs conjugate. The molecular docking study reveals that multiple functional groups and amino acid residues are involved in the interaction between salicylaldehyde and the OVA-AuNCs. The coupling of salicylaldehyde with OVA-AuNCs results in fluorescence quenching at 655 nm and concomitant formation of an emission band at 500 nm, which have leveraged to detect salicylaldehyde down to 2.02 µM. Following that, the Salic_OVA-AuNCs has been used for the detection of Hg2+ and FA. Several processes, such as internal charge transfer (ICT), photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and metallophilic interactions, are involved between the Salic_OVA-AuNCs nanoprobe and the analytes, which allowed to detect Hg2+ and FA down to 0.13 nM and 0.11 nM, respectively. The Salic_OVA-AuNCs nanoprobe has an additional naked-eye utility when applied to paper-strip sensing strategy for Hg2+ and FA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajanee Nakum
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute Technology, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Arup K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute Technology, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Bigyan Ranjan Jali
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Suban K Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute Technology, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India.
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Zhou Z, Wang M, Fan Q, Zhao Y, Wang N. The function of chemical folic acid in calibration methods and neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Chem 2024; 12:1355848. [PMID: 38456186 PMCID: PMC10917952 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1355848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional molecules have been attracting increasing attention in environmental and physiological studies. In particular, folic acid (FA) could be considered a key factor in estimating, adjusting, and making decisions in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. It promotes the general significance and conceptual for considering FA molecular scientific research detections, which implies related advancement in both of biological structure and detection methods. Among these applications, the FA molecule acts as a coenzyme that incorporates carbon atoms and synthesizes purines and pyrimidines. Therefore, the calibration method has real applications and can be used as a sensing platform and for detection approaches, which conveys the internal relationship between the FA molecule and physiological characterization. This mini review briefly discusses multiple FA application fields and detection pathways and could supplement their utilization in anticipation of the onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhou
- Department of Children Healthcare, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Child and Adolescent Department of Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiongli Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Children Healthcare, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Nianrong Wang
- Department of Children Healthcare, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
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Irfan, Soleja N, Mohsin M. FRET-based probe for ratiometric detection and imaging of folic acid in real-time. Anal Biochem 2023; 679:115285. [PMID: 37586674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate folic acid intake is linked to diseases such as megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, and hyperhomocysteinemia, increasing the risk of vascular disease and thrombosis. Folic acid, a cofactor in various enzymes, can be produced by plants and bacteria, but not by humans and other animals. L-5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (L-5-methyl-THF) is the primary dietary folate form, transported in circulation for cellular metabolism. Traditional methods of determining folic acid levels are unreliable and time-consuming. SenFol (Sensor for folic acid) is a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based nanosensor that we have developed by inserting folic acid-binding protein (FolT) as the folate detecting domain between the pair of enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) and Venus. The developed sensor is highly specific, produces a quick signal, which is pH stable, and delivers precise, ratiometric readings in cell-based experiments. The projected affinity score of folic acid with FolT was -7.4 kcal/mol. The apparent affinity (Kd) of SenFol for folic acid is 28.49 × 10-9 M, with a detection range of 5 × 10-9 M to 5 × 10-7 M, and a maximum FRET ratio change of 0.45. WT SenFol, a highly efficient folic acid nanosensor, can dynamically detect intracellular folic acid content in E. coli, yeast, and HEK-293 T cells, confirming its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Neha Soleja
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Mohd Mohsin
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India.
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Ganesh PS, Govindasamy M, Kim SY, Choi DS, Ko HU, Alshgari RA, Huang CH. Synergetic effects of Mo 2C sphere/SCN nanocatalysts interface for nanomolar detection of uric acid and folic acid in presence of interferences. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114694. [PMID: 36857924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Till to date, the application of sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride supported transition metal carbide interface for electrochemical sensor fabrication was less explored. In this work, we designed a simple synthesis of molybdenum carbide sphere embedded sulfur doped graphitic carbon nitride (Mo2C/SCN) catalyst for the nanomolar electrochemical sensor application. The synthesized Mo2C/SCN nanocatalyst was systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with elemental mapping. The SEM images show that the porous SCN network adhered uniformly on Mo2C, causing a loss of crystallinity in the diffractogram. The corresponding elemental mapping of Mo2C/SCN shows distinct peaks for carbon (41.47%), nitrogen (32.54%), sulfur (1.37%), and molybdenum (24.62%) with no additional impurity peaks, reflecting the successful synthesis. Later, the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by Mo2C/SCN nanocatalyst for simultaneous sensing of uric acid (UA) and folic acid (FA). The fabricated Mo2C/SCN/GCE is capable of simultaneous and interference free electrochemical detection of UA and FA in a binary mixture. The limit of detection (LOD) calculated at Mo2C/SCN/GCE for UA and FA was 21.5 nM (0.09 - 47.0 μM) and 14.7 nM (0.09 - 167.25 μM) respectively by differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique. The presence of interferons has no significant effect on the sensor's performance, making it suitable for real sample analysis. The present method can be extended to fabricate an electrochemical sensor for various molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattan-Siddappa Ganesh
- Interaction Laboratory, Future Convergence Engineering, Advanced Technology Research Center, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mani Govindasamy
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; Full-time faculty, International PhD Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243303, Taiwan; Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Sang-Youn Kim
- Interaction Laboratory, Future Convergence Engineering, Advanced Technology Research Center, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Soo Choi
- Smart Interface and Extended Reality Laboratory, Department of Computer Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-U Ko
- Interaction Laboratory, Future Convergence Engineering, Advanced Technology Research Center, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chi-Hsien Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
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Batra B, Yadav S, Kalra V, Sharma M, Rana J. An electrochemical biosensor for the determination of folic acid in pregnant women based on DHFR/c-MWCNTs/TiO2NPs modified gold electrode. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
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Facile bimetallic co-amplified electrochemical sensor for folic acid sensing based on CoNPs and CuNPs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6791-6800. [PMID: 35931786 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04242-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) is essential for human health, particularly for pregnant women and infants. In this work, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by a bimetallic layer of Cu/Co nanoparticles (CuNPs/CoNPs) as a synergistic amplification element by simple step-by-step electrodeposition, and was used for sensitive detection of FA. The proposed CuNPs/CoNPs/GCE sensor was characterized by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Then, under optimal conditions, a linear relationship was obtained in the wide range of 110.00-1750.00 μM for the detection of FA with a limit of detection (LOD) of 34.79 μM (S/N = 3). The sensitivity was calculated as 0.096 μA μM-1 cm-2. Some interfering compounds including glucose (Glc), biotin, dopamine (DA), and glutamic acid (Glu) showed little effect on the detection of FA by amperometry (i-t). Finally, the average recovery obtained was in a range of 91.77-110.06%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 8.00% in FA tablets, indicating that the proposed sensor can accurately and effectively detect the FA content in FA tablets.
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Folic Acid Determination in Food Samples Using Green Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Electro-Poly (Methyl Orange) Sensor. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-022-00756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCopper (II) oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) were green synthesized using Ocimum basilicum leaves aqueous extract in which polyphenols act as reducing and stabilizing agents. The synthesized CuONPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The analyses indicated the formation of crystalline rod-like monoclinic pure CuONPs with a mean grain size of 15 nm, a surface area of 396 m2 g−1, and a total pore volume of 0.71 cm3 g−1. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified using the synthesized CuONPs and electropolymerized poly(methyl orange) (PMO). The modified PMO/CuONPs/GCE electrode was electrochemically characterized and applied for the estimation of folic acid (FA) by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, linear sweep voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The influence of pH (7), scan rate (50 mV/s), supporting electrolyte (0.1 M KCl) and FA concentration has been optimized. FA is precisely determined in the range from 0.01 to 1.5 µΜ with a low detection limit (0.002 µΜ), a low quantitation limit (0.068 µΜ), high reproducibility (RSD 0.37, 10 measurements), and high stability (98% activity after 50 days). FA in food samples was determined by the new sensor with high recoveries from 93 to 108.8%.
Graphical Abstract
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Di Tinno A, Cancelliere R, Mantegazza P, Cataldo A, Paddubskaya A, Ferrigno L, Kuzhir P, Maksimenko S, Shuba M, Maffucci A, Bellucci S, Micheli L. Sensitive Detection of Industrial Pollutants Using Modified Electrochemical Platforms. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101779. [PMID: 35631001 PMCID: PMC9142962 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution is nowadays a global problem and the effective detection of pollutants is of fundamental importance. Herein, a facile, efficient, robust, and rapid (response time < 2 min) method for the determination of important quinone-based industrial pollutants such as hydroquinone and benzoquinone is reported. The recognition method is based on the use of screen-printed electrodes as sensing platforms, enhanced with carbon-based nanomaterials. The enhancement is achieved by modifying the working electrode of such platforms through highly sensitive membranes made of Single- or Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs and MWNTs) or by graphene nanoplatelets. The modified sensing platforms are first carefully morphologically and electrochemically characterized, whereupon they are tested in the detection of different pollutants (i.e., hydroquinone and benzoquinone) in water solution, by using both cyclic and square-wave voltammetry. In particular, the sensors based on film-deposited nanomaterials show good sensitivity with a limit of detection in the nanomolar range (0.04 and 0.07 μM for SWNT- and MWNT-modified SPEs, respectively) and a linear working range of 10 to 1000 ppb under optimal conditions. The results highlight the improved performance of these novel sensing platforms and the large-scale applicability of this method for other analytes (i.e., toxins, pollutants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Di Tinno
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.T.); (R.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Rocco Cancelliere
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.T.); (R.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Pietro Mantegazza
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.T.); (R.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Antonino Cataldo
- DISPREV Laboratory, Casaccia Research Center, ENEA, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Frascati National Laboratories, 00044 Frascati, Italy;
| | - Alesia Paddubskaya
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 220007 Minsk, Belarus; (A.P.); (S.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Luigi Ferrigno
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy; (L.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Polina Kuzhir
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, 80200 Joensuu, Finland;
| | - Sergey Maksimenko
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 220007 Minsk, Belarus; (A.P.); (S.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shuba
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 220007 Minsk, Belarus; (A.P.); (S.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Antonio Maffucci
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Frascati National Laboratories, 00044 Frascati, Italy;
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy; (L.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Frascati National Laboratories, 00044 Frascati, Italy;
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.T.); (R.C.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Akhgari A, Iraji P, Rahiman N, Hasanzade Farouji A, Abbaspour M. Preparation of stable enteric folic acid-loaded microfiber using the electrospinning method. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:405-413. [PMID: 35656189 PMCID: PMC9148407 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.61563.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Folic acid is an essential vitamin, labile to hydrolysis in the acidic environment of the stomach with low water solubility and bioavailability. In order to solve these problems, enteric oral folic acid-loaded microfibers with a pH-sensitive polymer by electrospinning method were prepared. Materials and Methods Electrospinning was performed at different folic acid ratios and voltages. Fibers were evaluated in terms of mechanical strength, acidic resistance, and drug release. Additionally, DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), and XRD (X-ray diffraction) analyses were performed on the optimal formulation. Results Drug ratio and voltage had a considerable effect on fibers' entrapment efficiency, acid resistance, and mechanical strength. Based on the obtained results, the optimum formulation containing 1.25% of the drug/polymer was prepared at 18 kV. The entrapment efficiency of the optimal sample was above 90% with an acid resistance of higher than 70%. The tensile test confirmed the high mechanical properties of the optimum microfiber. DSC and XRD tests indicated that folic acid was converted to an amorphous form in the fiber structure and the FTIR test confirmed the formation of a chemical bond between the drug and the polymer. The release of the drug from the optimal fiber was about 90% in 60 min. Conclusion In conclusion, the optimal formulation of folic acid with proper mechanical properties can be used as a candidate dosage form for further bioavailability investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Akhgari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pariya Iraji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akram Hasanzade Farouji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Abbaspour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Jia X, Yin CL, Li J, Li JR, An BL, Xu J. Efficient synthesis of yellow-green carbon quantum dots as a sensitive fluorescent probe of folic acid. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200046. [PMID: 35233966 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bright yellow-green carbon quantum dots (YGCDs) have been successfully synthesized by a simple and efficient hydrothermal method. Its luminescent absolute quantum yield reached 30.0% in 4 h, compared with that using common reported solvothermal method, the synthesis time was reduced more than 70% with tin oxide nano particles as a catalyst. Moreover, the fluorescence of YGCDs could be selectively quenched by folic acid (FA) molecules, and the relative fluorescence intensities of F/F0 was fitted perfectly in line decay curve versus the concentration of FA in the range of 2.0 × 10-8 mol/l ~ 1.0 × 10-5 mol/l (R2 = 0.9988). The detection limit of FA was below 2.0 × 10-8 mol/l, suggesting a promising fluorescent probe of folic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jia
- Shanghai University, Department of chemistry, CHINA
| | | | - Jing Li
- Shanghai University, Department of chemistry, CHINA
| | - Juan-Rong Li
- Shanghai University, Department of chemistry, CHINA
| | - Bao-Li An
- Shanghai University, Department of chemistry, Shangda road 99, 200444, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Jiaqiang Xu
- Shanghai University, Department of chemistry, CHINA
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Konala VBR, Nandakumar S, Surendran H, Datar S, Bhonde R, Pal R. Neuronal and cardiac toxicity of pharmacological compounds identified through transcriptomic analysis of human pluripotent stem cell-derived embryoid bodies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 433:115792. [PMID: 34742744 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent with the '3R' principle, the embryonic stem cell test (EST) using mouse embryonic stem cells, developed in 2000, remains the solely accepted in vitro method for embryotoxicity testing. However, the scope and implementation of EST for embryotoxicity screening, compliant with regulatory requirements, are limited. This is due to its technical complexity, long testing period, labor-intensive methodology, and limited endpoint data, leading to misclassification of embryotoxic potential. In this study, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived embryoid bodies (EB) as an in vitro model to investigate the embryotoxic effects of a carefully selected set of pharmacological compounds. Morphology, viability, and differentiation potential were investigated after exposing EBs to folic acid, all-trans-retinoic acid, dexamethasone, and valproic acid for 15 days. The results showed that the compounds differentially repressed cell growth, compromised morphology, and triggered apoptosis in the EBs. Further, transcriptomics was employed to compare subtle temporal changes between treated and untreated cultures. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that dysregulation of a large number of genes strongly correlated with impaired neuroectoderm and cardiac mesoderm formation. This aberrant gene expression pattern was associated with several disorders of the brain like mental retardation, multiple sclerosis, stroke and of the heart like dilated cardiomyopathy, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular arrhythmia. Lastly, these in vitro findings were validated using in ovo chick embryo model. Taken together, pharmacological compound or drug-induced defective EB development from hiPSCs could potentially be used as a suitable in vitro platform for embryotoxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Bhaskar Reddy Konala
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India; Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Swapna Nandakumar
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Harshini Surendran
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India; Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Savita Datar
- Department of Zoology, S. P. College, Pune 411030, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajarshi Pal
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India; Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India.
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