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Fanti G, Borghi F, Wolfe C, Campagnolo D, Patts J, Cattaneo A, Spinazzè A, Cauda E, Cavallo DM. First in-Lab Testing of a Cost-Effective Prototype for PM 2.5 Monitoring: The P.ALP Assessment. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5915. [PMID: 39338660 PMCID: PMC11436052 DOI: 10.3390/s24185915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The goal of the present research was to assess, under controlled laboratory conditions, the accuracy and precision of a prototype device (named 'P.ALP': Ph.D. Air-quality Low-cost Project) developed for PM2.5 concentration level monitoring. Indeed, this study follows a complementary manuscript (previously published) focusing on the in-field evaluation of the device's performance. Four P.ALP prototypes were co-located with the reference instrument in a calm-air aerosol chamber at the NIOSH laboratories in Pittsburgh, PA (USA), used by the Center for Direct Reading and Sensor Technologies. The devices were tested for 10 monitoring days under several exposure conditions. To evaluate the performance of the prototypes, different approaches were employed. After the data from the devices were stored and prepared for analysis, to assess the accuracy (comparing the reference instrument with the prototypes) and the precision (comparing all the possible pairs of devices) of the P.ALPs, linear regression analysis was performed. Moreover, to find out the applicability field of this device, the US EPA's suggested criteria were adopted, and to assess error trends of the prototype in the process of data acquisition, Bland-Altman plots were built. The findings show that, by introducing ad hoc calibration factors, the P.ALP's performance needs to be further implemented, but the device can monitor the concentration trend variations with satisfying accuracy. Overall, the P.ALP can be involved in and adapted to a wide range of applications because of the inexpensive nature of the components, the small dimensions, and the high data storage capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Fanti
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Francesca Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Palagi 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Cody Wolfe
- Center for Direct Reading and Sensor Technologies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA; (C.W.); (J.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Davide Campagnolo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Justin Patts
- Center for Direct Reading and Sensor Technologies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA; (C.W.); (J.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Andrea Spinazzè
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Emanuele Cauda
- Center for Direct Reading and Sensor Technologies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA; (C.W.); (J.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Domenico Maria Cavallo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.M.C.)
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Pietraru RN, Nicolae M, Mocanu Ș, Merezeanu DM. Easy-to-Use MOX-Based VOC Sensors for Efficient Indoor Air Quality Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2501. [PMID: 38676118 PMCID: PMC11054856 DOI: 10.3390/s24082501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This research paper presents a case study on the application of Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOX)-based VOC/TVOC sensors for indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring. This study focuses on the ease of use and the practical benefits of these sensors, drawing insights from measurements conducted in a university laboratory setting. The investigation showcases the straightforward integration of MOX-based sensors into existing IAQ monitoring systems, highlighting their user-friendly features and the ability to provide precise and real-time information on volatile organic compound concentrations. Emphasizing ease of installation, minimal maintenance, and immediate data accessibility, this paper demonstrates the practicality of incorporating MOX-based sensors for efficient IAQ management. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of MOX sensor capabilities, providing valuable insights for those seeking straightforward and effective solutions for indoor air quality monitoring. This case study outlines the feasibility and benefits of utilizing MOX-based sensors in various environments, offering a promising avenue for the widespread adoption of user-friendly technologies in IAQ management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Nicolae Pietraru
- Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 București, Romania
| | - Maximilian Nicolae
- Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 București, Romania
| | - Ștefan Mocanu
- Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 București, Romania
| | - Daniel-Marian Merezeanu
- Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 București, Romania
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3
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Fanti G, Borghi F, Campagnolo D, Rovelli S, Carminati A, Zellino C, Cattaneo A, Cauda E, Spinazzè A, Cavallo DM. An In-Field Assessment of the P.ALP Device in Four Different Real Working Conditions: A Performance Evaluation in Particulate Matter Monitoring. TOXICS 2024; 12:233. [PMID: 38668456 PMCID: PMC11054920 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the performance, in terms of precision and accuracy, of a prototype (called "P.ALP"-Ph.D. Air Quality Low-cost Project) developed for monitoring PM2.5 concentration levels. Four prototypes were co-located with reference instrumentation in four different microenvironments simulating real-world and working conditions, namely (i) office, (ii) home, (iii) outdoor, and (iv) occupational environments. The devices were evaluated for a total of 20 monitoring days (approximately 168 h) under a wide range of PM2.5 concentrations. The performances of the prototypes (based on the light-scattering working principle) were tested through different statistical methods. After the data acquisition and data cleaning processes, a linear regression analysis was performed to assess the precision (by comparing all possible pairs of devices) and the accuracy (by comparing the prototypes against the reference instrumentation) of the P.ALP. Moreover, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) criteria were applied to assess the possible usage of this instrumentation, and to evaluate the eventual error trends of the P.ALP in the data storage process, Bland-Altman plots were also adopted. The outcomes of this study underlined that the P.ALP performed differently depending on the microenvironment in which it was tested and, consequently, on the PM2.5 concentrations. The device can monitor PM2.5 variations with acceptable results, but the performance cannot be considered satisfactory at extremely low and remarkably high PM2.5 concentrations. Thanks to modular components and open-source software, the tested device has the potential to be customized and adapted to better fit specific study design needs, but it must be implemented with ad hoc calibration factors depending on the application before being used in field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Fanti
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (D.C.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Francesca Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Davide Campagnolo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (D.C.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Sabrina Rovelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (D.C.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Alessio Carminati
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (D.C.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Carolina Zellino
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (D.C.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (D.C.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Emanuele Cauda
- Center for Direct Reading and Sensor Technologies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA;
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
| | - Andrea Spinazzè
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (D.C.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Domenico Maria Cavallo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (D.C.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.M.C.)
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Patel A, Chavan G, Nagpal AK. Navigating the Neurological Abyss: A Comprehensive Review of Organophosphate Poisoning Complications. Cureus 2024; 16:e54422. [PMID: 38510851 PMCID: PMC10951431 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate poisoning is a significant global health concern with implications for both occupational and environmental settings. This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the biochemical basis, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and long-term effects of organophosphate exposure. The acute phase is characterized by cholinergic crisis, respiratory distress, and neurological manifestations, while delayed complications include the intermediate syndrome and organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy. Diagnostic approaches involve clinical evaluation, cholinesterase-level assessments, and imaging studies. Treatment strategies encompass decontamination, antidotes such as atropine and pralidoxime, and supportive care. Long-term effects may include cognitive and neurological sequelae, necessitating rehabilitation approaches such as physical and occupational therapy. Prevention strategies include stringent occupational safety guidelines, sustainable agricultural practices, and public awareness initiatives. The implications for clinical practice underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. At the same time, the call to action emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts in prevention and awareness to mitigate the impact of organophosphate poisoning on public health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Patel
- Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Gajanan Chavan
- Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Anmol K Nagpal
- Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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5
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Ouimette J, Arnott WP, Laven P, Whitwell R, Radhakrishnan N, Dhaniyala S, Sandink M, Tryner J, Volckens J. Fundamentals of low-cost aerosol sensor design and operation. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR AEROSOL RESEARCH 2023; 58:1-15. [PMID: 38993374 PMCID: PMC11236278 DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2023.2285935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Most evaluations of low-cost aerosol sensors have focused on their measurement bias compared to regulatory monitors. Few evaluations have applied fundamental principles of aerosol science to increase our understanding of how such sensors work and could be improved. We examined the Plantower PMS5003 sensor's internal geometry, laser properties, photodiode responses, microprocessor output, flow rates, and response to mono- and poly-disperse aerosols. We developed a physics-based model of particle light scattering within the sensor, which we used to predict counting and sizing efficiency for 0.30 to 10 μm particles. We found that the PMS5003 counts single particle scattering events, acting like an imperfect optical particle counter, rather than a nephelometer. As particle flow is not focused into the core of the laser beam, >99% of particles that flow through the PMS5003 miss the laser, and those that intercept the laser usually miss the focal point and are subsequently undersized, resulting in erroneous size distribution data. Our model predictions of PMS5003 response to varying particle diameters, aerosol compositions, and relative humidity were consistent with laboratory data. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of the PurpleAir monitor housing showed that for wind-speeds less than 3 m s-1, fine and coarse particles were representatively aspired to the PMS5003 inlet. Our measurements and models explain why the PurpleAir overstates regulatory PM2.5 in some locations but not others; why the PurpleAir PM10 is unresponsive to windblown dust; and why it reports a similar particle size distribution for coarse particles as it does for smoke and ambient background aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nagarajan Radhakrishnan
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA
| | - Suresh Dhaniyala
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA
| | - Michael Sandink
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Jessica Tryner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Bush T, Bartington S, Pope FD, Singh A, Thomas GN, Stacey B, Economides G, Anderson R, Cole S, Abreu P, Leach FCP. The impact of COVID-19 public health restrictions on particulate matter pollution measured by a validated low-cost sensor network in Oxford, UK. BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2023; 237:110330. [PMID: 37124118 PMCID: PMC10121078 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Emergency responses to the COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in travel behaviours and economic activities with arising impacts upon urban air quality. To date, these air quality changes associated with lockdown measures have typically been assessed using limited city-level regulatory monitoring data, however, low-cost air quality sensors provide capabilities to assess changes across multiple locations at higher spatial-temporal resolution, thereby generating insights relevant for future air quality interventions. The aim of this study was to utilise high-spatial resolution air quality information utilising data arising from a validated (using a random forest field calibration) network of 15 low-cost air quality sensors within Oxford, UK to monitor the impacts of multiple COVID-19 public heath restrictions upon particulate matter concentrations (PM10, PM2.5) from January 2020 to September 2021. Measurements of PM10 and PM2.5 particle size fractions both within and between site locations are compared to a pre-pandemic related public health restrictions baseline. While average peak concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were reduced by 9-10 μg/m3 below typical peak levels experienced in recent years, mean daily PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were only ∼1 μg/m3 lower and there was marked temporal (as restrictions were added and removed) and spatial variability (across the 15-sensor network) in these observations. Across the 15-sensor network we observed a small local impact from traffic related emission sources upon particle concentrations near traffic-oriented sensors with higher average and peak concentrations as well as greater dynamic range, compared to more intermediate and background orientated sensor locations. The greater dynamic range in concentrations is indicative of exposure to more variable emission sources, such as road transport emissions. Our findings highlight the great potential for low-cost sensor technology to identify highly localised changes in pollutant concentrations as a consequence of changes in behaviour (in this case influenced by COVID-19 restrictions), generating insights into non-traffic contributions to PM emissions in this setting. It is evident that additional non-traffic related measures would be required in Oxford to reduce the PM10 and PM2.5 levels to within WHO health-based guidelines and to achieve compliance with PM2.5 targets developed under the Environment Act 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Bush
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
- Apertum Consulting, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Suzanne Bartington
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Francis D Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ajit Singh
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - G Neil Thomas
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Brian Stacey
- Ricardo Energy and Environment, The Gemini Building, Fermi Avenue, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QR, UK
| | - George Economides
- Oxfordshire County Council, County Hall, New Road, Oxford, OX1 1ND, UK
| | - Ruth Anderson
- Oxfordshire County Council, County Hall, New Road, Oxford, OX1 1ND, UK
| | - Stuart Cole
- Oxfordshire County Council, County Hall, New Road, Oxford, OX1 1ND, UK
| | - Pedro Abreu
- Oxford City Council, Town Hall, St Aldate's, Oxford, OX1 1BX, UK
| | - Felix C P Leach
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
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Okeme JO, Koelmel JP, Johnson E, Lin EZ, Gao D, Pollitt KJG. Wearable Passive Samplers for Assessing Environmental Exposure to Organic Chemicals: Current Approaches and Future Directions. Curr Environ Health Rep 2023:10.1007/s40572-023-00392-w. [PMID: 36821032 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We are continuously exposed to dynamic mixtures of airborne contaminants that vary by location. Understanding the compositional diversity of these complex mixtures and the levels to which we are each exposed requires comprehensive exposure assessment. This comprehensive analysis is often lacking in population-based studies due to logistic and analytical challenges associated with traditional measurement approaches involving active air sampling and chemical-by-chemical analysis. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of wearable passive samplers as alternative tools to active samplers in environmental health research. The review highlights the advances and challenges in using wearable passive samplers for assessing personal exposure to organic chemicals and further presents a framework to enable quantitative measurements of exposure and expanded use of this monitoring approach to the population scale. RECENT FINDINGS Overall, wearable passive samplers are promising tools for assessing personal exposure to environmental contaminants, evident by the increased adoption and use of silicone-based devices in recent years. When combined with high throughput chemical analysis, these exposure assessment tools present opportunities for advancing our ability to assess personal exposures to complex mixtures. Most designs of wearable passive samplers used for assessing exposure to semi-volatile organic chemicals are currently uncalibrated, thus, are mostly used for qualitative research. The challenge with using wearable samplers for quantitative exposure assessment mostly lies with the inherent complexity in calibrating these wearable devices. Questions remain regarding how they perform under various conditions and the uncertainty of exposure estimates. As popularity of these samplers grows, it is critical to understand the uptake kinetics of chemicals and the different environmental and meteorological conditions that can introduce variability. Wearable passive samplers enable evaluation of exposure to hundreds of chemicals. The review presents the state-of-the-art of technology for assessing personal exposure to environmental chemicals. As more studies calibrate wearable samplers, these tools present promise for quantitatively assessing exposure at both the individual and population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O Okeme
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Room 523, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Room 523, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Emily Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Room 523, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Elizabeth Z Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Room 523, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Dong Gao
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Room 523, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Room 523, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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8
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Keller M, Cattaneo A, Spinazzè A, Carrozzo L, Campagnolo D, Rovelli S, Borghi F, Fanti G, Fustinoni S, Carrieri M, Moretto A, Cavallo DM. Occupational Exposure to Halogenated Anaesthetic Gases in Hospitals: A Systematic Review of Methods and Techniques to Assess Air Concentration Levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:514. [PMID: 36612837 PMCID: PMC9819674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective During the induction of gaseous anaesthesia, waste anaesthetic gases (WAGs) can be released into workplace air. Occupational exposure to high levels of halogenated WAGs may lead to adverse health effects; hence, it is important to measure WAGs concentration levels to perform risk assessment and for health protection purposes. Methods A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted on two different scientific databases (Scopus and PubMed). A total of 101 studies, focused on sevoflurane, desflurane and isoflurane exposures in hospitals, were included in this review. Key information was extracted to provide (1) a description of the study designs (e.g., monitoring methods, investigated occupational settings, anaesthetic gases in use); (2) an evaluation of time trends in the measured concentrations of considered WAGs; (3) a critical evaluation of the sampling strategies, monitoring methods and instruments used. Results Environmental monitoring was prevalent (68%) and mainly used for occupational exposure assessment during adult anaesthesia (84% of cases). Real-time techniques such as photoacoustic spectroscopy and infrared spectrophotometry were used in 58% of the studies, while off-line approaches such as active or passive sampling followed by GC-MS analysis were used less frequently (39%). Conclusions The combination of different instrumental techniques allowing the collection of data with different time resolutions was quite scarce (3%) despite the fact that this would give the opportunity to obtain reliable data for testing the compliance with 8 h occupational exposure limit values and at the same time to evaluate short-term exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Keller
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Andrea Spinazzè
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Letizia Carrozzo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Davide Campagnolo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rovelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Francesca Borghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Giacomo Fanti
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Silvia Fustinoni
- IRCCS Ca’ Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mariella Carrieri
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Moretto
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
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9
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Howard J. Algorithms and the future of work. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:943-952. [PMID: 36128686 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An algorithm refers to a series of stepwise instructions used by a machine to perform a mathematical operation. In 1955, the term artificial intelligence (AI) was coined to indicate that a machine could be programmed to duplicate human intelligence. Even though that goal has not yet been reached, the use of sophisticated machine learning algorithms has moved us closer to that goal. While algorithm-enabled systems and devices will bring many benefits to occupational safety and health, this Commentary focuses on new sources of worker risk that algorithms present in the use of worker management systems, advanced sensor technologies, and robotic devices. A new "digital Taylorism" may erode worker autonomy, and lead to work intensification and psychosocial stress. The presence of large amounts of information on workers within algorithmic-enabled systems presents security and privacy risks. Reliance on indiscriminate data mining may reproduce forms of discrimination and lead to inequalities in hiring, retention, and termination. Workers interfacing with robots may face work intensification and job displacement, while injury in the course of employment by a robotic device is also possible. Algorithm governance strategies are discussed such as risk management practices, national and international laws and regulations, and emerging legal accountability proposals. Determining if an algorithm is safe for workplace use is rapidly becoming a challenge for manufacturers, programmers, employers, workers, and occupational safety and health practitioners. To achieve the benefits that algorithm-enabled systems and devices promise in the future of work, now is the time to study how to effectively manage their risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Howard
- Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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10
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Russell HS, Kappelt N, Fessa D, Frederickson LB, Bagkis E, Apostolidis P, Karatzas K, Schmidt JA, Hertel O, Johnson MS. Particulate air pollution in the Copenhagen metro part 2: Low-cost sensors and micro-environment classification. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107645. [PMID: 36434885 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels throughout the Copenhagen metro system are measured for the first time and found to be ∼10 times the roadside levels in Copenhagen. In this Part 2 article, low-cost sensor (LCS) nodes designed for personal-exposure monitoring are tested against a conventional mid-range device (TSI DustTrak), and gravimetric methods. The nodes were found to be effective for personal exposure measurements inside the metro system, with R2 values of > 0.8 at 1-min and > 0.9 at 5-min time-resolution, with an average slope of 1.01 in both cases, in comparison to the reference, which is impressive for this dynamic environment. Micro-environment (ME) classification techniques are also developed and tested, involving the use of auxiliary sensors, measuring light, carbon dioxide, humidity, temperature and motion. The output from these sensors is used to distinguish between specific MEs, namely, being aboard trains travelling above- or under- ground, with 83 % accuracy, and determining whether sensors were aboard a train or stationary at a platform with 92 % accuracy. This information was used to show a 143 % increase in mean PM2.5 concentration for underground sections relative to overground, and 22 % increase for train vs. platform measurements. The ME classification method can also be used to improve calibration models, assist in accurate exposure assessment based on detailed time-activity patterns, and facilitate field studies that do not require personnel to record time-activity diaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo S Russell
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; AirLabs, Nannasgade 28, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Niklas Kappelt
- AirLabs, Nannasgade 28, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dafni Fessa
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Louise B Frederickson
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; AirLabs, Nannasgade 28, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Evangelos Bagkis
- Environmental Informatics Research Group, School of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis Apostolidis
- Environmental Informatics Research Group, School of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostas Karatzas
- Environmental Informatics Research Group, School of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ole Hertel
- Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- AirLabs, Nannasgade 28, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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Fanti G, Spinazzè A, Borghi F, Rovelli S, Campagnolo D, Keller M, Borghi A, Cattaneo A, Cauda E, Cavallo DM. Evolution and Applications of Recent Sensing Technology for Occupational Risk Assessment: A Rapid Review of the Literature. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:4841. [PMID: 35808337 PMCID: PMC9269318 DOI: 10.3390/s22134841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, technological advancements have been made available and applied in a wide range of applications in several work fields, ranging from personal to industrial enforcements. One of the emerging issues concerns occupational safety and health in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and, in more detail, it deals with how industrial hygienists could improve the risk-assessment process. A possible way to achieve these aims is the adoption of new exposure-monitoring tools. In this study, a systematic review of the up-to-date scientific literature has been performed to identify and discuss the most-used sensors that could be useful for occupational risk assessment, with the intent of highlighting their pros and cons. A total of 40 papers have been included in this manuscript. The results show that sensors able to investigate airborne pollutants (i.e., gaseous pollutants and particulate matter), environmental conditions, physical agents, and workers' postures could be usefully adopted in the risk-assessment process, since they could report significant data without significantly interfering with the job activities of the investigated subjects. To date, there are only few "next-generation" monitors and sensors (NGMSs) that could be effectively used on the workplace to preserve human health. Due to this fact, the development and the validation of new NGMSs will be crucial in the upcoming years, to adopt these technologies in occupational-risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Fanti
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Andrea Spinazzè
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Francesca Borghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Sabrina Rovelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Davide Campagnolo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Marta Keller
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Andrea Borghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Emanuele Cauda
- Center for Direct Reading and Sensor Technologies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA;
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
| | - Domenico Maria Cavallo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
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12
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Cureau RJ, Pigliautile I, Pisello AL. A New Wearable System for Sensing Outdoor Environmental Conditions for Monitoring Hyper-Microclimate. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22020502. [PMID: 35062468 PMCID: PMC8779384 DOI: 10.3390/s22020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The rapid urbanization process brings consequences to urban environments, such poor air quality and the urban heat island issues. Due to these effects, environmental monitoring is gaining attention with the aim of identifying local risks and improving cities’ liveability and resilience. However, these environments are very heterogeneous, and high-spatial-resolution data are needed to identify the intra-urban variations of physical parameters. Recently, wearable sensing techniques have been used to perform microscale monitoring, but they usually focus on one environmental physics domain. This paper presents a new wearable system developed to monitor key multidomain parameters related to the air quality, thermal, and visual domains, on a hyperlocal scale from a pedestrian’s perspective. The system consisted of a set of sensors connected to a control unit settled on a backpack and could be connected via Wi-Fi to any portable equipment. The device was prototyped to guarantee the easy sensors maintenance, and a user-friendly dashboard facilitated a real-time monitoring overview. Several tests were conducted to confirm the reliability of the sensors. The new device will allow comprehensive environmental monitoring and multidomain comfort investigations to be carried out, which can support urban planners to face the negative effects of urbanization and to crowd data sourcing in smart cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Jacoby Cureau
- CIRIAF, Interuniversity Research Center on Pollution and Environment Mauro Felli, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy; (R.J.C.); (I.P.)
| | - Ilaria Pigliautile
- CIRIAF, Interuniversity Research Center on Pollution and Environment Mauro Felli, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy; (R.J.C.); (I.P.)
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Pisello
- CIRIAF, Interuniversity Research Center on Pollution and Environment Mauro Felli, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy; (R.J.C.); (I.P.)
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Robinson JA, Novak R, Kanduč T, Maggos T, Pardali D, Stamatelopoulou A, Saraga D, Vienneau D, Flückiger B, Mikeš O, Degrendele C, Sáňka O, García Dos Santos-Alves S, Visave J, Gotti A, Persico MG, Chapizanis D, Petridis I, Karakitsios S, Sarigiannis DA, Kocman D. User-Centred Design of a Final Results Report for Participants in Multi-Sensor Personal Air Pollution Exposure Monitoring Campaigns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12544. [PMID: 34886269 PMCID: PMC8656880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Using low-cost portable air quality (AQ) monitoring devices is a growing trend in personal exposure studies, enabling a higher spatio-temporal resolution and identifying acute exposure to high concentrations. Comprehension of the results by participants is not guaranteed in exposure studies. However, information on personal exposure is multiplex, which calls for participant involvement in information design to maximise communication output and comprehension. This study describes and proposes a model of a user-centred design (UCD) approach for preparing a final report for participants involved in a multi-sensor personal exposure monitoring study performed in seven cities within the EU Horizon 2020 ICARUS project. Using a combination of human-centred design (HCD), human-information interaction (HII) and design thinking approaches, we iteratively included participants in the framing and design of the final report. User needs were mapped using a survey (n = 82), and feedback on the draft report was obtained from a focus group (n = 5). User requirements were assessed and validated using a post-campaign survey (n = 31). The UCD research was conducted amongst participants in Ljubljana, Slovenia, and the results report was distributed among the participating cities across Europe. The feedback made it clear that the final report was well-received and helped participants better understand the influence of individual behaviours on personal exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Amalia Robinson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.N.); (T.K.); (D.K.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Novak
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.N.); (T.K.); (D.K.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Kanduč
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.N.); (T.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Thomas Maggos
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Innovative Technologies Laboratory, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Athens, Greece; (T.M.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Demetra Pardali
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Innovative Technologies Laboratory, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Athens, Greece; (T.M.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Asimina Stamatelopoulou
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Innovative Technologies Laboratory, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Athens, Greece; (T.M.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Dikaia Saraga
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Innovative Technologies Laboratory, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Athens, Greece; (T.M.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; (D.V.); (B.F.)
- University of Basel, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Flückiger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; (D.V.); (B.F.)
- University of Basel, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ondřej Mikeš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.M.); (C.D.); (O.S.)
| | - Céline Degrendele
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.M.); (C.D.); (O.S.)
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environment, Aix Marseille University, 13003 Marseille, France
| | - Ondřej Sáňka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.M.); (C.D.); (O.S.)
| | - Saul García Dos Santos-Alves
- Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), National Environmental Health Centre, Department of Atmospheric Pollution, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jaideep Visave
- Department of Science, Technology and Society, University School for Advanced Study IUSS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (J.V.); (M.G.P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Alberto Gotti
- EUCENTRE, European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Marco Giovanni Persico
- Department of Science, Technology and Society, University School for Advanced Study IUSS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (J.V.); (M.G.P.); (D.A.S.)
- EUCENTRE, European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Dimitris Chapizanis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.C.); (I.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Ioannis Petridis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.C.); (I.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Spyros Karakitsios
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.C.); (I.P.); (S.K.)
- HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis A. Sarigiannis
- Department of Science, Technology and Society, University School for Advanced Study IUSS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (J.V.); (M.G.P.); (D.A.S.)
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.C.); (I.P.); (S.K.)
- HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - David Kocman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.N.); (T.K.); (D.K.)
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