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Marshall S, Jeyarajan G, Hayhow N, Gabiazon R, Seleem T, Hammerstrom MR, Krigolson O, Nagamatsu LS. Cortical activation among young adults during mobility in an indoor real-world environment: A mobile EEG approach. Neuropsychologia 2024; 203:108971. [PMID: 39128610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Human mobility requires neurocognitive inputs to safely navigate the environment. Previous research has examined neural processes that underly walking using mobile neuroimaging technologies, yet few studies have incorporated true real-world methods without a specific task imposed on participants (e.g., dual-task, motor demands). The present study included 40 young adults (M = 22.60, SD = 2.63, 24 female) and utilized mobile electroencephalography (EEG) to examine and compare theta, alpha, and beta frequency band power (μV2) during sitting and walking in laboratory and real-world environments. EEG data was recorded using the Muse S brain sensing headband, a portable system equipped with four electrodes (two frontal, two temporal) and one reference sensor. Qualitative data detailing the thoughts of each participant were collected after each condition. For the quantitative data, a 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA with within subject factors of environment and mobility was conducted with full participant datasets (n = 17, M = 22.59, SD = 2.97, 10 female). Thematic analysis was performed on the qualitative data (n = 40). Our findings support that mobility and environment may modulate neural activity, as we observed increased brain activation for walking compared to sitting, and for real-world walking compared to laboratory walking. We identified five qualitative themes across the four conditions 1) physical sensations and bodily awareness, 2) responsibilities and planning, 3) environmental awareness, 4) mobility, and 5) spotlight effect. Our study highlights the importance and potential for real-world methods to supplement standard research practices to increase the ecological validity of studies conducted in the fields of neuroscience and kinesiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Marshall
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Gianna Jeyarajan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Hayhow
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raphael Gabiazon
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tia Seleem
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathew R Hammerstrom
- Department of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olav Krigolson
- Department of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lindsay S Nagamatsu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Ontario, Canada
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Grosboillot N, Gallou-Guyot M, Lamontagne A, Bonnyaud C, Perrot A, Allali G, Perrochon A. Towards a Comprehensive Framework for Complex Walking tasks: Characterization, Behavioral Adaptations, and Clinical Implications in Ageing and Neurological Populations. Ageing Res Rev 2024:102458. [PMID: 39153599 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Complex walking tasks, including change of direction, patterns and rhythms, require more attentional resources than simple walking and significantly impact walking performance, especially among ageing and neurological populations. More studies are focusing on complex walking situations, with or without the addition of cognitive tasks, creating a multitude of walking situations. Facing the lack of a clear and extensive definition of complex walking, this narrative review aims to identify and more precisely characterize situations and related tests, gain a better understanding of the behavioral adaptations in ageing and neurological populations, and report the clinical applications of complex walking. Based on the studies gathered, we propose a framework that categorizes the different forms of complex walking, considering whether a cognitive task is added or not, as well as the number of distinct objectives within the situation. We observed that combining complex walking tasks with a cognitive assignment places even greater strain on attentional resources, resulting in a more pronounced decline in walking or cognitive performance, or both. This work highlights the relevance of the complex walking as a simple tool for the early detection of cognitive impairments and the risk of falls, and its potential value in cognitive-motor rehabilitation. Future studies should explore the diversity of complex walking tasks in real-life simulated through extended virtual environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Grosboillot
- Université de Limoges, HAVAE, UR 20217, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - M Gallou-Guyot
- Université de Limoges, HAVAE, UR 20217, F-87000 Limoges, France; Department of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Lamontagne
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Jewish Rehabilitation Site-CISSS Laval, Laval, Canada
| | - C Bonnyaud
- Laboratoire d'analyse du mouvement, Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré Garches, GHU Paris Saclay, APHP, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Erphan Research unit, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - A Perrot
- CIAMS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - G Allali
- Leenaards Memory Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Perrochon
- Université de Limoges, HAVAE, UR 20217, F-87000 Limoges, France.
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Dong Y, Mao M, Wu Y, Che C, Song Q, Sun W, Zhang C. Frontal and parietal cortices activation during walking is repeatable in older adults based on fNIRS. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30197. [PMID: 38756562 PMCID: PMC11096826 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the test-retest reliability of fNIRS in measuring frontal and parietal cortices activation during straight walking and turning walking in older adults, in order to provide a theoretical foundation for selecting assessment tools for clinical research on motor control and some diseases such as Parkinson's disease in older adults. Methods 18 healthy older participants (69.1 ± 0.7 years) were included in this study. The participants completed straight walking and figure-of-eight turning walking tasks at self-selected speeds. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman scatter plots were used to assess the test-retest reliability of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) changes derived from fNIRS. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The test-retest reliability of HbO2 in prefrontal cortex (ICC, 0.67-0.78) was good and excellent, in frontal motor cortex (ICC, 0.51-0.61) and parietal sensory cortex (ICC, 0.53-0.62) is fair and good when the older adults performed straight and turning walking tasks. Bland-Altman diagram shows that the data consistency is fair and good. Conclusion fNIRS can be used as a clinical measurement method to evaluate the brain activation of the older adults when walking in a straight line and turning, and the results are acceptable repeatability and consistency. However, it is necessary to strictly control the testing process and consider the possible changes in the repeated measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Dong
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Mao
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunzhi Wu
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengzhang Che
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Qipeng Song
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
- Sports Biomechanics Lab, Shandong Institute of Sport Science, Jinan, China
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Lee Y, Jung J, Kim H, Lee S. Comparison of the Influence of Dual-Task Activities on Prefrontal Activation and Gait Variables in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment during Straight and Curved Walking. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:235. [PMID: 38399523 PMCID: PMC10890268 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an early stage of dementia in which everyday tasks can be maintained; however, notable challenges may occur in memory, focus, and problem-solving skills. Therefore, motor-cognitive dual-task training is warranted to prevent cognitive decline and improve cognition in aging populations. This study aimed to determine the influence of such dual-task activities during straight and curved walking on the activities of the prefrontal cortex and associated gait variables in older adults with MCI. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven older adults aged ≥65 years and identified as having MCI based on their scores (18-23) on the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination were enrolled. The participants performed four task scenarios in random order: walking straight, walking straight with a cognitive task, walking curved, and walking curved with a cognitive task. The activation of the prefrontal cortex, which is manifested by a change in the level of oxyhemoglobin, was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The gait speed and step count were recorded during the task performance. Results: Significant differences were observed in prefrontal cortex activation and gait variables (p < 0.05). Specifically, a substantial increase was observed in prefrontal cortex activation during a dual task compared with that during a resting-state (p < 0.013). Additionally, significant variations were noted in the gait speed and step count (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study directly demonstrates the impact of motor-cognitive dual-task training on prefrontal cortex activation in older adults with MCI, suggesting the importance of including such interventions in enhancing cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jihye Jung
- Institute of SMART Rehabilitation, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyunjoong Kim
- Neuromusculoskeletal Science Laboratory, 15 Gangnam-daero 84-gil, Seoul 06232, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seungwon Lee
- Institute of SMART Rehabilitation, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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Li W, Zhang Z, Li Z, Gui Z, Shang Y. Correlation and asynchronization of electroencephalogram and cerebral blood flow in active and passive stimulations. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:066007. [PMID: 37931297 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad0a02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Real-time brain monitoring is of importance for intraoperative surgeries and intensive care unit, in order to take timely clinical interventions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a conventional technique for recording neural excitations (e.g. brain waves) in the cerebral cortex, and near infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an emerging technique that can directly measure the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in microvasculature system. Currently, the relationship between the neural activities and cerebral hemodynamics that reflects the vasoconstriction features of cerebral vessels, especially under both active and passive situation, has not been elucidated thus far, which triggers the motivation of this study.Approach.We used the verbal fluency test as an active cognitive stimulus to the brain, and we manipulated blood pressure changes as a passive challenge to the brain. Under both protocols, the CBF and EEG responses were longitudinally monitored throughout the cerebral stimulus. Power spectrum approaches were applied the EEG signals and compared with CBF responses.Main results.The results show that the EEG response was significantly faster and larger in amplitude during the active cognitive task, when compared to the CBF, but with larger individual variability. By contrast, CBF is more sensitive when response to the passive task, and with better signal stability. We also found that there was a correlation (p< 0.01,r= 0.866,R2= 0.751) between CBF and EEG in initial response during the active task, but no significant correlation (p> 0.05) was found during the passive task. The similar relations were also found between regional brain waves and blood flow.Significance.The asynchronization and correlation between the two measurements indicates the necessity of monitoring both variables for comprehensive understanding of cerebral physiology. Deep exploration of their relationships provides promising implications for DCS/EEG integration in the diagnosis of various neurovascular and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Electronic Information College, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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Belluscio V, Cartocci G, Terbojevich T, Di Feo P, Inguscio BMS, Ferrari M, Quaresima V, Vannozzi G. Facilitating or disturbing? An investigation about the effects of auditory frequencies on prefrontal cortex activation and postural sway. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1197733. [PMID: 37425019 PMCID: PMC10324668 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1197733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Auditory stimulation activates brain areas associated with higher cognitive processes, like the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and plays a role in postural control regulation. However, the effects of specific frequency stimuli on upright posture maintenance and PFC activation patterns remain unknown. Therefore, the study aims at filling this gap. Twenty healthy adults performed static double- and single-leg stance tasks of 60s each under four auditory conditions: 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 Hz, binaurally delivered through headphones, and in quiet condition. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure PFC activation through changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration, while an inertial sensor (sealed at the L5 vertebra level) quantified postural sway parameters. Perceived discomfort and pleasantness were rated through a 0-100 visual analogue scale (VAS). Results showed that in both motor tasks, different PFC activation patterns were displayed at the different auditory frequencies and the postural performance worsened with auditory stimuli, compared to quiet conditions. VAS results showed that higher frequencies were considered more discomfortable than lower ones. Present data prove that specific sound frequencies play a significant role in cognitive resources recruitment and in the regulation of postural control. Furthermore, it supports the importance of exploring the relationship among tones, cortical activity, and posture, also considering possible applications with neurological populations and people with hearing dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Belluscio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cartocci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- BrainSigns Ltd, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Di Feo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Quaresima
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vannozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Chai KXY, Marie Goodwill A, Leuk JSP, Teo WP. Treadmill Walking Maintains Dual-task Gait Performance and Reduces Frontopolar Cortex Activation in Healthy Adults. Neuroscience 2023; 521:148-156. [PMID: 37105393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Studies examining dual-task gait (DTG) have used varying conditions such as overground or treadmill walking, however it is not known whether brain activation patterns differ during these conditions. Therefore, this study compared oxyhaemoglobin (O2Hb) responses of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during overground and treadmill walking. A total of 30 participants (14M/16F) were recruited in a randomized crossover study comparing overground and treadmill walking under single- and dual-task (STG and DTG) conditions. The DTG consisted of performing walking and cognitive (serial subtraction by 7's) tasks concurrently. A portable 24-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy system was placed over the PFC, corresponding the left and right dorsolateral PFC and frontopolar cortices (DLPFC and FPC) during overground and treadmill STG and DTG. Results showed a reduction in gait speed during DTG compared to STG on overground but not treadmill walking, while cognitive performance was maintained during DTG on both overground and treadmill walking. A reduction in O2Hb was seen in the FPC during DTG compared to a cognitive task only, and on the treadmill compared to overground walking. Increased activation was seen in the left and right DLPFC during DTG but did not differ between treadmill and overground walking. Our results support the concept of improved gait efficiency during treadmill walking, indicated by the lack of change in STG and DTG performance and concomitant with a reduction in FPC activation. These findings suggest different neural strategies underpinning treadmill and overground walking, which should be considered when designing gait assessment and rehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keller Xin-Yu Chai
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Alicia Marie Goodwill
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jessie Siew-Pin Leuk
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wei-Peng Teo
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Greenfield J, Delcroix V, Ettaki W, Derollepot R, Paire-Ficout L, Ranchet M. Left and Right Cortical Activity Arising from Preferred Walking Speed in Older Adults. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3986. [PMID: 37112327 PMCID: PMC10141493 DOI: 10.3390/s23083986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cortical activity and walking speed are known to decline with age and can lead to an increased risk of falls in the elderly. Despite age being a known contributor to this decline, individuals age at different rates. This study aimed to analyse left and right cortical activity changes in elderly adults regarding their walking speed. Cortical activation and gait data were obtained from 50 healthy older individuals. Participants were then grouped into a cluster based on their preferred walking speed (slow or fast). Analyses on the differences of cortical activation and gait parameters between groups were carried out. Within-subject analyses on left and right-hemispheric activation were also performed. Results showed that individuals with a slower preferred walking speed required a higher increase in cortical activity. Individuals in the fast cluster presented greater changes in cortical activation in the right hemisphere. This work demonstrates that categorizing older adults by age is not necessarily the most relevant method, and that cortical activity can be a good indicator of performance with respect to walking speed (linked to fall risk and frailty in the elderly). Future work may wish to explore how physical activity training influences cortical activation over time in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Greenfield
- Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automation Control, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, UMR 8201—LAMIH, University Polytechnic Hauts-de-France, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - Véronique Delcroix
- Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automation Control, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, UMR 8201—LAMIH, University Polytechnic Hauts-de-France, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - Wafae Ettaki
- Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automation Control, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, UMR 8201—LAMIH, University Polytechnic Hauts-de-France, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - Romain Derollepot
- Health, Safety and Transport Department, Laboratory Ergonomics and Cognitive Sciences Applied to Transport (TS2-LESCOT), University Gustave Eiffel, The French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR), University of Lyon, F-69675 Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Paire-Ficout
- Health, Safety and Transport Department, Laboratory Ergonomics and Cognitive Sciences Applied to Transport (TS2-LESCOT), University Gustave Eiffel, The French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR), University of Lyon, F-69675 Lyon, France
| | - Maud Ranchet
- Health, Safety and Transport Department, Laboratory Ergonomics and Cognitive Sciences Applied to Transport (TS2-LESCOT), University Gustave Eiffel, The French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR), University of Lyon, F-69675 Lyon, France
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Udina C, Avtzi S, Mota-Foix M, Rosso AL, Ars J, Kobayashi Frisk L, Gregori-Pla C, Durduran T, Inzitari M. Dual-task related frontal cerebral blood flow changes in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A functional diffuse correlation spectroscopy study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:958656. [PMID: 36605362 PMCID: PMC9807627 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.958656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In a worldwide aging population with a high prevalence of motor and cognitive impairment, it is paramount to improve knowledge about underlying mechanisms of motor and cognitive function and their interplay in the aging processes. Methods We measured prefrontal cerebral blood flow (CBF) using functional diffuse correlation spectroscopy during motor and dual-task. We aimed to compare CBF changes among 49 older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during a dual-task paradigm (normal walk, 2- forward count walk, 3-backward count walk, obstacle negotiation, and heel tapping). Participants with MCI walked slower during the normal walk and obstacle negotiation compared to participants with normal cognition (NC), while gait speed during counting conditions was not different between the groups, therefore the dual-task cost was higher for participants with NC. We built a linear mixed effects model with CBF measures from the right and left prefrontal cortex. Results MCI (n = 34) showed a higher increase in CBF from the normal walk to the 2-forward count walk (estimate = 0.34, 95% CI [0.02, 0.66], p = 0.03) compared to participants with NC, related to a right- sided activation. Both groups showed a higher CBF during the 3-backward count walk compared to the normal walk, while only among MCI, CFB was higher during the 2-forward count walk. Discussion Our findings suggest a differential prefrontal hemodynamic pattern in older adults with MCI compared to their NC counterparts during the dual-task performance, possibly as a response to increasing attentional demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Udina
- REFiT Barcelona Research Group, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili and Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain,Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,*Correspondence: Cristina Udina,
| | - Stella Avtzi
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Mota-Foix
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea L. Rosso
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joan Ars
- REFiT Barcelona Research Group, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili and Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain,Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa Kobayashi Frisk
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Gregori-Pla
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Inzitari
- REFiT Barcelona Research Group, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili and Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
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Paulmurugan K, Vijayaragavan V, Ghosh S, Padmanabhan P, Gulyás B. Brain–Computer Interfacing Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11100389. [PMID: 34677345 PMCID: PMC8534036 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a wearable optical spectroscopy system originally developed for continuous and non-invasive monitoring of brain function by measuring blood oxygen concentration. Recent advancements in brain–computer interfacing allow us to control the neuron function of the brain by combining it with fNIRS to regulate cognitive function. In this review manuscript, we provide information regarding current advancement in fNIRS and how it provides advantages in developing brain–computer interfacing to enable neuron function. We also briefly discuss about how we can use this technology for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kogulan Paulmurugan
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (K.P.); (B.G.)
| | - Vimalan Vijayaragavan
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (K.P.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: (V.V.); (P.P.)
| | - Sayantan Ghosh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India;
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (K.P.); (B.G.)
- Imaging Probe Development Platform, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Correspondence: (V.V.); (P.P.)
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (K.P.); (B.G.)
- Imaging Probe Development Platform, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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