1
|
Pu Z, Wu Y, Zhu Z, Zhao H, Cui D. A new horizon for neuroscience: terahertz biotechnology in brain research. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:309-325. [PMID: 38819036 PMCID: PMC11317941 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain sciences. In this article, we review the development of terahertz biotechnology and its applications in the field of neuropsychiatry. Available evidence indicates promising prospects for the use of terahertz spectroscopy and terahertz imaging techniques in the diagnosis of amyloid disease, cerebrovascular disease, glioma, psychiatric disease, traumatic brain injury, and myelin deficit. In vitro and animal experiments have also demonstrated the potential therapeutic value of terahertz technology in some neuropsychiatric diseases. Although the precise underlying mechanism of the interactions between terahertz electromagnetic waves and the biosystem is not yet fully understood, the research progress in this field shows great potential for biomedical noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, the biosafety of terahertz radiation requires further exploration regarding its two-sided efficacy in practical applications. This review demonstrates that terahertz biotechnology has the potential to be a promising method in the field of neuropsychiatry based on its unique advantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Pu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangci Hospital of Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhu
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghong Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Niu Y, Zhao Q, Shang Y, Wang Y. Multitasking Integrated Metasurface for Electromagnetic Wave Modulation with Reflection, Transmission, and Absorption. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:965. [PMID: 39203616 PMCID: PMC11356764 DOI: 10.3390/mi15080965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Accommodating multiple tasks within a tiny metasurface unit cell without them interfering with each other is a significant challenge. In this paper, an electromagnetic (EM) wave modulation metasurface capable of reflection, transmission, and absorption is proposed. This multitasking capability is achieved through a cleverly designed multi-layer structure comprising an EM Wave Shield Layer (ESL), a Polarization Modulation Layer (PML), and a Bottom Plate Layer (BPL). The functionality can be arbitrarily switched by embedding control materials within the structure. Depending on external excitation conditions, the proposed metasurface can realize reflection-type co-planar polarization to cross-polarization conversion, transmission-type electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) modes, and broadband absorption. Notably, all tasks operate approximately within the same operating frequency band, and their performance can be regulated by the intensity of external excitation. Additionally, the operating principle of the metasurface is analyzed through impedance matching, an oscillator coupling model, and surface current distribution. This metasurface design offers a strategy for integrated devices with multiple functionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dynimic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yuanyuan Niu
- Shanxi Polytechnic College, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institute for History of Science and Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Shanxi Lanhua Coal Industry Group Co., Ltd., Jincheng 048026, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuxue Shang
- Shanxi Lanhua Coal Industry Group Co., Ltd., Jincheng 048026, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuanhui Wang
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reyes-Reyes ES, Carriles-Jaimes R, D'Angelo E, Nazir S, Koch-Dandolo CL, Kuester F, Jepsen PU, Castro-Camus E. Terahertz time-domain imaging for the examination of gilded wooden artifacts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6261. [PMID: 38491131 PMCID: PMC10943006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Terahertz imaging is unlocking unique capabilities for the analysis of cultural heritage artifacts. This paper uses terahertz time-domain imaging for the study of a gilded wooden artifact, providing a means to perform stratigraphic analysis, yielding information about the composition of the artifact, presence of certain materials identifiable through their THz spectral fingerprint, as well as alterations that have been performed over time. Due to the limited information that is available for many historic artifacts, the data that can be obtained through the presented technique can guide proper stewardship of the artifact, informing its long-term preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Santiago Reyes-Reyes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León, GTO, Mexico
| | - Ramón Carriles-Jaimes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León, GTO, Mexico.
| | - Emanuele D'Angelo
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Saad Nazir
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Ludovica Koch-Dandolo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León, GTO, Mexico
- University of Applied Science and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Le Gerre, Via Pobiette 11., 6928, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Falko Kuester
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego 9500, Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Peter Uhd Jepsen
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Enrique Castro-Camus
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León, GTO, Mexico.
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Garriga Francis KJ, Zhang XC. Local measurement of terahertz field-induced second harmonic generation in plasma filaments. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2023; 16:44. [PMID: 38091154 PMCID: PMC10719236 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-023-00095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The concept of Terahertz Field-Induced Second Harmonic (TFISH) Generation is revisited to introduce a single-shot detection scheme based on third order nonlinearities. Focused specifically on the further development of THz plasma-based sources, we begin our research by reimagining the TFISH system to serve as a direct plasma diagnostic. In this work, an optical probe beam is used to mix directly with the strong ponderomotive current associated with laser-induced ionization. A four-wave mixing (FWM) process then generates a strong second-harmonic optical wave because of the mixing of the probe beam with the nonlinear current components oscillating at THz frequencies. The observed conversion efficiency is high enough that for the first time, the TFISH signal appears visible to the human eye. We perform spectral, spatial, and temporal analysis on the detected second-harmonic frequency and show its direct relationship to the nonlinear current. Further, a method to detect incoherent and coherent THz inside plasma filaments is devised using spatio-temporal couplings. The single-shot detection configurations are theoretically described using a combination of expanded FWM models with Kostenbauder and Gaussian Q-matrices. We show that the retrieved temporal traces for THz radiation from single- and two-color laser-induced air-plasma sources match theoretical descriptions very well. High temporal resolution is shown with a detection bandwidth limited only by the spatial extent of the probe laser beam. Large detection bandwidth and temporal characterization is shown for THz radiation confined to under-dense plasma filaments induced by < 100 fs lasers below the relativistic intensity limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xi-Cheng Zhang
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cong M, Li W, Liu Y, Bi J, Wang X, Yang X, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zhao YN, Zhao R, Qiu J. Biomedical application of terahertz imaging technology: a narrative review. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:8768-8786. [PMID: 38106329 PMCID: PMC10722018 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Terahertz (THz) imaging has wide applications in biomedical research due to its properties, such as non-ionizing, non-invasive and distinctive spectral fingerprints. Over the past 6 years, the application of THz imaging in tumor tissue has made encouraging progress. However, due to the strong absorption of THz by water, the large size, high cost, and low sensitivity of THz devices, it is still difficult to be widely used in clinical practice. This paper provides ideas for researchers and promotes the development of THz imaging in clinical research. Methods The literature search was conducted in the Web of Science and PubMed databases using the keywords "Terahertz imaging", "Breast", "Brain", "Skin" and "Cancer". A total of 94 English language articles from 1 January, 2017 to 30 December, 2022 were reviewed. Key Content and Findings In this review, we briefly introduced the recent advances in THz near-field imaging, single-pixel imaging and real-time imaging, the applications of THz imaging for detecting breast, brain and skin tissues in the last 6 years were reviewed, and the advantages and existing challenges were identified. It is necessary to combine machine learning and metamaterials to develop real-time THz devices with small size, low cost and high sensitivity that can be widely used in clinical practice. More powerful THz detectors can be developed by combining graphene, designing structures and other methods to improve the sensitivity of the devices and obtain more accurate information. Establishing a THz database is one of the important methods to improve the repeatability and accuracy of imaging results. Conclusions THz technology is an effective method for tumor imaging. We believe that with the joint efforts of researchers and clinicians, accurate, real-time, and safe THz imaging will be widely applied in clinical practice in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Cong
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Jing Bi
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Xueqiao Yang
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
- Center for Medical Engineer Technology Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yoo H, Kim J, Ahn YH. High-Speed THz Time-of-Flight Imaging with Reflective Optics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:873. [PMID: 36679669 PMCID: PMC9861287 DOI: 10.3390/s23020873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we develop a 3D THz time-of-flight (TOF) imaging technique by using reflective optics to preserve the high-frequency components from a THz antenna. We use an Fe:InGaAs/InAlAs emitter containing relatively high-frequency components. THz-TOF imaging with asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS) enables the rapid scanning of 100 Hz/scan with a time delay span of 100 ps. We characterize the transverse resolution using knife edge tests for a focal length of 5; the Rayleigh resolution has been measured at 1.0 mm at the focal plane. Conversely, the longitudinal resolution is determined by the temporal pulse width, confirmed with various gap structures enclosed by a quartz substrate. The phase analysis reveals that reflected waves from the top interface exhibit a phase shift when the gap is filled by high-indexed materials such as water but shows in-phase behavior when it is filled with air and low-indexed material. Our imaging tool was effective for inspecting the packaged chip with high lateral and longitudinal resolution. Importantly, the phase information in 2D and 3D images is shown to be a powerful tool in identifying the defect-in particular, delamination in the chip-which tends to be detrimental to the packaged chip's stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoseong Yoo
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangsun Kim
- Panoptics Corp., Seongnam 13516, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hwan Ahn
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gezimati M, Singh G. Advances in terahertz technology for cancer detection applications. OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2022; 55:151. [PMID: 36588663 PMCID: PMC9791634 DOI: 10.1007/s11082-022-04340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is an increasing demand for the diagnostic techniques that provide functional and morphological information with early cancer detection capability. Novel modern medical imaging systems driven by the recent advancements in technology such as terahertz (THz) and infrared radiation-based imaging technologies which are complementary to conventional modalities are being developed, investigated, and validated. The THz cancer imaging techniques offer novel opportunities for label free, non-ionizing, non-invasive and early cancer detection. The observed image contrast in THz cancer imaging studies has been mostly attributed to higher refractive index, absorption coefficient and dielectric properties in cancer tissue than that in the normal tissue due the local increase of the water molecule content in tissue and increased blood supply to the cancer affected tissue. Additional image contrast parameters and cancer biomarkers that have been reported to contribute to THz image contrast include cell structural changes, molecular density, interactions between agents (e.g., contrast agents and embedding agents) and biological tissue as well as tissue substances like proteins, fiber and fat etc. In this paper, we have presented a systematic and comprehensive review of the advancements in the technological development of THz technology for cancer imaging applications. Initially, the fundamentals principles and techniques for THz radiation generation and detection, imaging and spectroscopy are introduced. Further, the application of THz imaging for detection of various cancers tissues are presented, with more focus on the in vivo imaging of skin cancer. The data processing techniques for THz data are briefly discussed. Also, we identify the advantages and existing challenges in THz based cancer detection and report the performance improvement techniques. The recent advancements towards THz systems which are optimized and miniaturized are also reported. Finally, the integration of THz systems with artificial intelligent (AI), internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, big data analytics, robotics etc. for more sophisticated systems is proposed. This will facilitate the large-scale clinical applications of THz for smart and connected next generation healthcare systems and provide a roadmap for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mavis Gezimati
- Centre for Smart Information and Communication Systems, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, P.O Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006 South Africa
| | - Ghanshyam Singh
- Centre for Smart Information and Communication Systems, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, P.O Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Recent progress in terahertz biosensors based on artificial electromagnetic subwavelength structure. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
9
|
Sadeghi A, Naghavi SMH, Mozafari M, Afshari E. Nanoscale biomaterials for terahertz imaging: A non-invasive approach for early cancer detection. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101565. [PMID: 36343417 PMCID: PMC9643578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) technology is developing a non-invasive imaging system for biosensing and clinical diagnosis. THz medical imaging mainly benefits from great sensitivity in detecting changes in water content and structural variations in diseased cells versus normal tissues. Compared to healthy tissues, cancerous tumors contain a higher level of water molecules and show structural changes, resulting in different THz absorption. Here we described the principle of THz imaging and advancement in the field of translational biomedicine and early detection of pathologic tissue, with a particular focus on oncology. In addition, although the main forte of THz imaging relies on detecting differences in water content to distinguish the exact margin of tumor, THz displays limited contrast in living tissue for in-vivo clinical imaging. In the last few years, nanotechnology has attracted attention to aid THz medical imaging and various nanoparticles have been investigated as contrast enhancements to improve the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of THz images. Most of these multimodal contrast agents take advantage of the temperature-dependent of THz spectrum to the conformational variation of the water molecule. We discuss advances in developing THz contrast agents to accelerate the advancement of non-invasive THz imaging with improved sensitivity and specificity for translational clinical oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sadeghi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - S M Hossein Naghavi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ehsan Afshari
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ke J, Jia L, Hu Y, Jiang X, Mo H, An X, Yuan W. Clinical and experimental study of a terahertz time-domain system for the determination of the pathological margins of laryngeal carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:339. [PMID: 36224600 PMCID: PMC9554976 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Laryngeal cancer is a common malignancy in otorhinolaryngological head and neck surgery, accounting for approximately one-third of all head and neck malignancies. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has recently been found to be useful for the detection of tumors. This study was conducted to investigate the application of THz-TDS in the diagnosis of pathological resection margins of laryngeal cancer. Methods Fresh laryngeal cancer tissues from 10 patients with laryngeal cancer were extracted, and after simultaneous HE staining and terahertz imaging, the tumor area, paracancerous area, and normal tissue area of each laryngeal cancer tissue sample were located under a microscope according to the pathological results of HE staining. Results The shape contours of the tumor region revealed by terahertz imaging maps and HE staining were similar. In the terahertz spectrum in the frequency range of 0.5–1.9 THz, both the absorption coefficient and refractive index values followed the order tumor > para cancer > normal tissue, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.01). When the terahertz frequency was 1.5 THz, the absorption coefficient of terahertz light waves by laryngeal cancer tissue and the percentage of nuclei showed an extremely high positive correlation (P < 0.01, r = 0.971). In the frequency ranges of 0.5–1.2 THz and 1.6–1.9 THz, the absorption coefficients of the highly differentiated group were higher than those of the moderately differentiated group. In the frequency range of 1.2–1.6 THz, the results were reversed, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). In the frequency range of 0.5–1.9 THz, the highly differentiated group had a higher refractive index than the moderately differentiated group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusions THz-TDS can be used to determine the pathological margins of laryngeal cancer based on the absorption coefficient and refractive index, and the magnitudes of the absorption coefficient and refractive index are related to the percentage of nuclei. The degree of differentiation of laryngeal cancer tissue can be assessed by THz-TDS. The study shows that the terahertz time-domain system is promising for applications in the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer, especially for the more accurate identification of intraoperative margins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ke
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lifeng Jia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqin Hu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hailan Mo
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang An
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shi J, Guo Z, Chen H, Xiao Z, Bai H, Li X, Niu P, Yao J. Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Terahertz Imaging for Rapid and Label-Free Identification of Efficient Light Formula in Laser Therapy. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:826. [PMID: 36290963 PMCID: PMC9599775 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered a promising noninvasive therapeutic strategy in biomedicine, especially by utilizing low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in visible and near-infrared spectra to trigger biological responses. The major challenge of PDT in applications is the complicated and time-consuming biological methodological measurements in identification of light formulas for different diseases. Here, we demonstrate a rapid and label-free identification method based on artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted terahertz imaging for efficient light formulas in LLLT of acute lung injury (ALI). The gray histogram of terahertz images is developed as the biophysical characteristics to identify the therapeutic effect. Label-free terahertz imaging is sequentially performed using rapid super-resolution imaging reconstruction and automatic identification algorithm based on a voting classifier. The results indicate that the therapeutic effect of LLLT with different light wavelengths and irradiation times for ALI can be identified using this method with a high accuracy of 91.22% in 33 s, which is more than 400 times faster than the biological methodology and more than 200 times faster than the scanning terahertz imaging technology. It may serve as a new tool for the development and application of PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zekang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhitao Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xiuyan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Pingjuan Niu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jianquan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Measurement and Modeling of the Optical Properties of Adipose Tissue in the Terahertz Range: Aspects of Disease Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102395. [PMID: 36292084 PMCID: PMC9600075 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the measurement and modeling of optical properties in the terahertz (THz) range of adipose tissue and its components with temperature changes were performed. Spectral measurements were made in the frequency range 0.25–1 THz. The structural models of main triglycerides of fatty acids are constructed using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) method and the Gaussian03, Revision B.03 program. The optical density (OD) of adipose tissue samples decreases as temperature increases, which can be associated mostly with the dehydration of the sample. Some inclusion of THz wave scattering suppression into the OD decrease can also be expected due to refractive index matching provided by free fatty acids released from adipocytes at thermally induced cell lipolysis. It was shown that the difference between the THz absorption spectra of water and fat makes it possible to estimate the water content in adipose tissue. The proposed model was verified on the basis of molecular modeling and a comparison with experimental data for terahertz spectra of adipose tissue during its heating. Knowing the exact percentage of free and bound water in adipose tissue can help diagnose and monitor diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and cancer.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hidden Dangerous Object Recognition in Terahertz Images Using Deep Learning Methods. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a harmless detection method, terahertz has become a new trend in security detection. However, there are inherent problems such as the low quality of the images collected by terahertz equipment and the insufficient detection accuracy of dangerous goods. This work advances BiFPN at the neck of YOLOv5 of the deep learning model as a mechanism to improve low resolution. We also perform transfer learning, thereby fine-tuning the pre-training weight of the backbone for migration learning in our model. Results from experimental analysis reveal that mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5:0.95 values witness a percentage increase of 0.2% and 1.7%, respectively, attesting to the superiority of the proposed model to YOLOv5, which is the state-of-the-art model in object detection.
Collapse
|
14
|
Suzuki D, Takida Y, Kawano Y, Minamide H, Terasaki N. Carbon nanotube-based, serially connected terahertz sensor with enhanced thermal and optical efficiencies. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:424-433. [PMID: 35811755 PMCID: PMC9258063 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2090855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their high thermal and optical performances, carbon nanotube (CNT) films are used in various photo-thermo-electric (PTE) applications, such as terahertz (THz) sensing and energy harvesting. To improve the performance of PTE devices, a device structure should be designed based on a deep understanding of the thermal and optical responses of the CNT film. However, the optical properties of CNT films in the THz frequency region remain unclear because of the difficulties associated with device processing and measurements. Herein, we report our findings on the thermal and optical characteristics of CNT films. The shape of the CNT film that maximizes the product of the thermal and optical factors (optimal structure of the PTE sensor) depends on the frequency of the irradiating electromagnetic wave. The optimal film thickness and width values for THz irradiation range from 300-600 nm and 50-70 µm, respectively. Subsequently, we fabricated a serially connected, multi-element PTE sensor with an optimal device structure and enhanced the detection sensitivity by approximately 13 times compared with a single-element PTE sensor. In addition, we demonstrated the first THz spectroscopy application using a PTE sensor. The findings of this study, thermal/optical factor enhancement, and micro-sized CNT film processing technology can be used to improve the performance of all CNT-based photothermal devices, including PTE sensors and thermoelectric generators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Suzuki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Saga, Japan
| | - Yuma Takida
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawano
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nao Terasaki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Saga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Amini T, Jahangiri F, Ameri Z, Hemmatian MA. A Review of Feasible Applications of THz Waves in Medical Diagnostics and Treatments. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 12:e92. [PMID: 35155177 PMCID: PMC8837828 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2021.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Terahertz (THz) waves with frequencies in the range of 0.1 to 10 THz are electromagnetic radiation with growing applications in various fields of science and technology. Attractive features of this radiation have brought out many novel possibilities for medical diagnostics and treatments with considerable advantages compared to other conventional methods. Methods: In this paper, we present a review of more recent reports on practical applications of THz radiation for diagnostic, biosensing and clinical treatments. The review includes the diagnosis of breast, skin, mouth, cervical, lungs, small intestine, prostate, colon, and stomach cancers, the evaluation of biomolecules, the detection of genetic mutations, the determination of burn depth, the diagnosis of tooth decay, diabetes, and emotional-psychological states, the evaluation of corneal water to diagnose visual diseases, and wound healing monitoring. Further, it embraces the use of THz therapy in reducing the size of the tumor, treating skin cancer, and healing burn wounds, cardiovascular disease, corneal epithelium, angina, and THz heating. Results: This review has emphasized the capabilities of THz waves as a novel tool for future clinical diagnostics and treatments. Conclusion: The paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the feasible potential application of THz waves for clinical purposes and its advantages in comparison with other conventional tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Amini
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Jahangiri
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoha Ameri
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Hemmatian
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|