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Whitehouse WL, Lo LHY, Kinghorn AB, Shiu SCC, Tanner JA. Structure-Switching Electrochemical Aptasensor for Rapid, Reagentless, and Single-Step Nanomolar Detection of C-Reactive Protein. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3721-3730. [PMID: 38485932 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant and sensitive indicator for sepsis and other life-threatening pathologies, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Currently, clinical turn-around times for established CRP detection methods take between 30 min to hours or even days from centralized laboratories. Here, we report the development of an electrochemical biosensor using redox probe-tagged DNA aptamers, functionalized onto inexpensive, commercially available screen-printed electrodes. Binding-induced conformational switching of the CRP-targeting aptamer induces a specific and selective signal-ON event, which enables single-step and reagentless detection of CRP in as little as 1 min. The aptasensor limit of detection spans approximately 20-60 nM in 50% human serum with dynamic response windows spanning 1-200 or 1-500 nM (R = 0.97/R = 0.98 respectively). The sensor is stable for at least 1 week and can be reused numerous times, as judged from repeated real-time dosing and dose-response assays. By decoupling binding events from the signal induction mechanism, structure-switching electrochemical aptamer-based sensors provide considerable advantages over their adsorption-based counterparts. Our work expands on the retinue of such sensors reported in the literature and is the first instance of structure-switching electrochemical aptamer-based sensors (SS-EABs) for reagentless, voltammetric CRP detection. We hope this study inspires further investigations into the suitability of SS-EABs for diagnostics, which will aid translational R&D toward fully realized devices aimed at point-of-care applications or for broader use by the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Whitehouse
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Louisa H Y Lo
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew B Kinghorn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon C C Shiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Kaewnu K, Kongkaew S, Unajak S, Hoihuan A, Jaengphop C, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, Limbut W. A reusable screen-printed carbon electrode-based aptasensor for the determination of chloramphenicol in food and environment samples. Talanta 2024; 273:125857. [PMID: 38490024 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical aptasensor was developed for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in fresh foods and food products. The aptasensor was developed using Prussian blue (PB) and chitosan (CS) film. PB acts as a redox probe for detection and CS acts as a sorption material. The aptamer (Apt) was immobilized on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Under optimum conditions, the linearity of the aptasensor was between 1.0 and 6.0 × 106 ng L-1 with a detection limit of 0.65 and a quantification limit of 2.15 ng L-1. The electrode could be regenerated up to 24 times without the use of chemicals. The aptasensor showed good repeatability (RSD <11.2%) and good reproducibility (RSD <7.7%). The proposed method successfully quantified CAP in milk, shrimp pond water and shrimp meat with good accuracy (recovery = 88.0 ± 0.6% to 100 ± 2%). The proposed aptasensor could be especially useful in agriculture to ensure the quality of food and the environment and could be used to determine other antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittapas Kaewnu
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Supatinee Kongkaew
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Sasimanas Unajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Kasetsart Vaccines and Biologics Innovation Centre, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Atittaya Hoihuan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Kasetsart Vaccines and Biologics Innovation Centre, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chutikarn Jaengphop
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Kasetsart Vaccines and Biologics Innovation Centre, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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Aptamers Enhance Oncolytic Viruses' Antitumor Efficacy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010151. [PMID: 36678780 PMCID: PMC9864469 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are highly promising for cancer treatment because they target and lyse tumor cells. These genetically engineered vectors introduce therapeutic or immunostimulatory genes into the tumor. However, viral therapy is not always safe and effective. Several problems are related to oncolytic viruses' targeted delivery to the tumor and immune system neutralization in the bloodstream. Cryoprotection and preventing viral particles from aggregating during storage are other critical issues. Aptamers, short RNA, or DNA oligonucleotides may help to crawl through this bottleneck. They are not immunogenic, are easily synthesized, can be chemically modified, and are not very demanding in storage conditions. It is possible to select an aptamer that specifically binds to any target cell, oncolytic virus, or molecule using the SELEX technology. This review comprehensively highlights the most important research and methodological approaches related to oncolytic viruses and nucleic acid aptamers. Here, we also analyze possible future research directions for combining these two methodologies to improve the effectiveness of cancer virotherapy.
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Majdinasab M, Marty JL. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Aptasensors for Detection of Biomarkers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:995. [PMID: 36015143 PMCID: PMC9412480 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis of diseases is of great importance for the effective treatment of patients. Biomarkers are one of the most promising medical approaches in the diagnosis of diseases and their progress and facilitate reaching this goal. Among the many methods developed in the detection of biomarkers, aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors) have shown great promise. Aptamers are promising diagnostic molecules with high sensitivity and selectivity, low-cost synthesis, easy modification, low toxicity, and high stability. Electrochemical aptasensors with high sensitivity and accuracy have attracted considerable attention in the field of biomarker detection. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in biomarker detection using electrochemical aptasensors. The principles of detection, sensitivity, selectivity, and other important factors in aptasensor performance are investigated. Finally, advantages and challenges of the developed aptasensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Majdinasab
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Jean Louis Marty
- Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX 9, 66860 Perpignan, France
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Omage JI, Easterday E, Rumph JT, Brula I, Hill B, Kristensen J, Ha DT, Galindo CL, Danquah MK, Sims N, Nguyen VT. Cancer Diagnostics and Early Detection Using Electrochemical Aptasensors. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:522. [PMID: 35457828 PMCID: PMC9026785 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The detection of early-stage cancer offers patients the best chance of treatment and could help reduce cancer mortality rates. However, cancer cells or biomarkers are present in extremely small amounts in the early stages of cancer, requiring high-precision quantitative approaches with high sensitivity for accurate detection. With the advantages of simplicity, rapid response, reusability, and a low cost, aptamer-based electrochemical biosensors have received considerable attention as a promising approach for the clinical diagnosis of early-stage cancer. Various methods for developing highly sensitive aptasensors for the early detection of cancers in clinical samples are in progress. In this article, we discuss recent advances in the development of electrochemical aptasensors for the early detection of different cancer biomarkers and cells based on different detection strategies. Clinical applications of the aptasensors and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Imoukhuede Omage
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Ethan Easterday
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.E.); (I.B.); (B.H.); (J.K.); (C.L.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Jelonia T. Rumph
- School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Imamulhaq Brula
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.E.); (I.B.); (B.H.); (J.K.); (C.L.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Braxton Hill
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.E.); (I.B.); (B.H.); (J.K.); (C.L.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Jeffrey Kristensen
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.E.); (I.B.); (B.H.); (J.K.); (C.L.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Dat Thinh Ha
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; or
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Cristi L. Galindo
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.E.); (I.B.); (B.H.); (J.K.); (C.L.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Michael K. Danquah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA;
| | - Naiya Sims
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.E.); (I.B.); (B.H.); (J.K.); (C.L.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Van Thuan Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.E.); (I.B.); (B.H.); (J.K.); (C.L.G.); (N.S.)
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