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Jung Y, Kim M, Jeong S, Hong S, Ko SH. Strain-Insensitive Outdoor Wearable Electronics by Thermally Robust Nanofibrous Radiative Cooler. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2312-2324. [PMID: 38190550 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Stable outdoor wearable electronics are gaining attention due to challenges in sustaining consistent device performance outdoors, where sunlight exposure and user movement can disrupt operations. Currently, researchers have focused on integrating radiative coolers into wearable devices for outdoor thermal management. However, these approaches often rely on heat-vulnerable thermoplastic polymers for radiative coolers and strain-susceptible conductors that are unsuitable for wearable electronics. Here, we introduce mechanically, electrically, and thermally stable wearable electronics even when they are stretched under sunlight to address these challenges. This achievement is realized by integrating a polydimethylsiloxane nanofibrous cooler and liquid metal conductors for a fully stable wearable device. The thermally robust architecture of nanofibers, based on their inherent properties as thermoset polymers, exhibits excellent cooling performance through high solar reflection and thermal emission. Additionally, laser-patterned conductors possess ideal properties for wearable electronics, including strain-insensitivity, nonsmearing behavior, and negligible contact resistance. As proof, we developed wearable electronics integrated with thermally and electromechanically stable components that accurately detect physiological signals in harsh environments, including light exposure, while stretched up to 30%. This work highlights the potential for the development of everyday wearable electronics capable of reliable operation under challenging external conditions, including user-activity-induced stress and sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongju Jung
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Jeong
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Hong
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Yang B, Yang S, Zhu X, Qi M, Li H, Lv Z, Cheng X, Wang F. Computer Vision Technology for Monitoring of Indoor and Outdoor Environments and HVAC Equipment: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6186. [PMID: 37448035 DOI: 10.3390/s23136186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence technologies such as computer vision (CV), machine learning, Internet of Things (IoT), and robotics have advanced rapidly in recent years. The new technologies provide non-contact measurements in three areas: indoor environmental monitoring, outdoor environ-mental monitoring, and equipment monitoring. This paper summarizes the specific applications of non-contact measurement based on infrared images and visible images in the areas of personnel skin temperature, position posture, the urban physical environment, building construction safety, and equipment operation status. At the same time, the challenges and opportunities associated with the application of CV technology are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Min Qi
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - He Li
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhihan Lv
- Department of Game Design, Faculty of Arts, Uppsala University, SE-62167 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaogang Cheng
- College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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3
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Zhang C, Kong J, Wu D, Guan Z, Ding B, Chen F. Wearable Sensor: An Emerging Data Collection Tool for Plant Phenotyping. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 5:0051. [PMID: 37408737 PMCID: PMC10318905 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of plant phenomics by using optical imaging-based phenotyping techniques has markedly improved breeding and crop management. However, there remains a challenge in increasing the spatial resolution and accuracy due to their noncontact measurement mode. Wearable sensors, an emerging data collection tool, present a promising solution to address these challenges. By using a contact measurement mode, wearable sensors enable in-situ monitoring of plant phenotypes and their surrounding environments. Although a few pioneering works have been reported in monitoring plant growth and microclimate, the utilization of wearable sensors in plant phenotyping has yet reach its full potential. This review aims to systematically examine the progress of wearable sensors in monitoring plant phenotypes and the environment from an interdisciplinary perspective, including materials science, signal communication, manufacturing technology, and plant physiology. Additionally, this review discusses the challenges and future directions of wearable sensors in the field of plant phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Engineering,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- College of Engineering,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daosheng Wu
- College of Engineering,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Baoqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
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4
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Chen L, Chang C, Chien L, Lee B, Shieh W. A Novel Packaging of the MEMS Gas Sensors Used for Harsh Outdoor and Human Exhale Sampling Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115087. [PMID: 37299814 DOI: 10.3390/s23115087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dust or condensed water present in harsh outdoor or high-humidity human breath samples are one of the key sources that cause false detection in Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) gas sensors. This paper proposes a novel packaging mechanism for MEMS gas sensors that utilizes a self-anchoring mechanism to embed a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter into the upper cover of the gas sensor packaging. This approach is distinct from the current method of external pasting. The proposed packaging mechanism is successfully demonstrated in this study. The test results indicate that the innovative packaging with the PTFE filter reduced the average response value of the sensor to the humidity range of 75~95% RH by 60.6% compared to the packaging without the PTFE filter. Additionally, the packaging passed the High-Accelerated Temperature and Humidity Stress (HAST) reliability test. With a similar sensing mechanism, the proposed packaging embedded with a PTFE filter can be further employed for the application of exhalation-related, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), breath screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lungtai Chen
- Smart Sensing and Systems Technology Center, Industrial Technology & Research Institute, Tainan 70955, Taiwan
| | - Chinsheng Chang
- Smart Sensing and Systems Technology Center, Industrial Technology & Research Institute, Tainan 70955, Taiwan
| | - Liangju Chien
- Smart Sensing and Systems Technology Center, Industrial Technology & Research Institute, Tainan 70955, Taiwan
| | - Borshiun Lee
- Smart Sensing and Systems Technology Center, Industrial Technology & Research Institute, Tainan 70955, Taiwan
| | - Wenlo Shieh
- Avantpac Technology Corporation, Kaohsiung 80673, Taiwan
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Cureau RJ, Pigliautile I, Kousis I, Pisello AL. Multi-domain human-oriented approach to evaluate human comfort in outdoor environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:2033-2045. [PMID: 35943584 PMCID: PMC9361257 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human comfort outdoors is widely investigated, but most studies explore the comfort domains singularly. This paper aimed to evaluate human comfort in parks, verifying the importance of using a multi-domain (simultaneously evaluating thermal, visual, acoustic, and air quality) and multi-disciplinary (combining environmental and social fields) approach. A walk through a pre-defined path from one park to another was repeated twice per day on four consecutive days in June, with three participants per walk. The two investigated parks are in central Italy and were chosen because they differ in their design and spatial characteristics. Environmental data were recorded with an innovative wearable device during the whole walk, and surveys were used to assess people's perceptions of the parks. Despite observed differences in collected physical parameters, the survey's responses were similar, and different comfort domains showed dependence on each other in the two parks. Logistic regression models were developed for each park, and they revealed that the qualitative information predicted the overall comfort level more accurately than the environmental data. In detail, the models based on environmental data resulted in R2 equal to 0.126 and 0.111 in Parks 1 and 2, respectively, whereas using the survey answers increased it up to 0.820 (Park 1) and 0.806 (Park 2). This study contributes to addressing the gap in multi-domain comfort studies outdoors and confirms the importance of using multi-disciplinary and multi-domain approaches for a complete comfort analysis, supporting holistic human-biometeorology-oriented models and forecasting opportunities that can promote improvements in urban environmental quality and liveability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Jacoby Cureau
- CIRIAF - Interuniversity Research Center on Pollution and Environment Mauro Felli - University of Perugia, 06125, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pigliautile
- CIRIAF - Interuniversity Research Center on Pollution and Environment Mauro Felli - University of Perugia, 06125, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ioannis Kousis
- CIRIAF - Interuniversity Research Center on Pollution and Environment Mauro Felli - University of Perugia, 06125, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Pisello
- CIRIAF - Interuniversity Research Center on Pollution and Environment Mauro Felli - University of Perugia, 06125, Perugia, Italy.
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125, Perugia, Italy.
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Characteristics, Progress and Trends of Urban Microclimate Research: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis. BUILDINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings12070877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Climate change has been a hot topic in recent years. However, the urban microclimate is more valuable for research because it directly affects people’s living environments and can be adjusted by technological means to enhance the resilience of cities in the face of climate change and disasters. This paper analyses the literature distribution characteristics, development stages, and research trends of urban microclimate research based on the literature on “urban microclimate” collected in the Web of Science core database since 1990, using CiteSpace and VOSviewer bibliometric software. It is found that the literature distribution of the urban microclimate is characterized by continuous growth, is interdisciplinary, and can be divided into four stages: nascent exploration, model quantification, diversified development and ecological synergy. Based on the knowledge mapping analysis of keyword clustering, annual overlap, and keyword highlighting, it can be predicted that the research on foreign urban land patch development has three hot trends—multi-scale modelling, multi-factor impact, and multi-policy guidance. The study’s findings help recognize the literature distribution characteristics and evolutionary lineage of urban microclimate research and provide suggestions for future urban microclimate research.
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Low-Cost Thermohygrometers to Assess Thermal Comfort in the Built Environment: A Laboratory Evaluation of Their Measurement Performance. BUILDINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings12050579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A thermohygrometer is an instrument that is able to measure relative humidity and air temperature, which are two of the fundamental parameters to estimate human thermal comfort. To date, the market offers small and low-cost solutions for this instrument, providing the opportunity to bring electronics closer to the end-user and contributing to the proliferation of a variety of applications and open-source projects. One of the most critical aspects of using low-cost instruments is their measurement reliability. This study aims to determine the measurement performance of seven low-cost thermohygrometers throughout a 10-fold repeatability test in a climatic chamber with air temperatures ranging from about −10 to +40 °C and relative humidity from approximately 0 to 90%. Compared with reference sensors, their measurements show good linear behavior with some exceptions. A sub-dataset of the data collected is then used to calculate two of the most used indoor (PMV) and outdoor (UTCI) comfort indexes to define discrepancies between the indexes calculated with the data from the reference sensors and the low-cost sensors. The results suggest that although six of the seven low-cost sensors have accuracy that meets the requirements of ISO 7726, in some cases, they do not provide acceptable comfort indicators if the values are taken as they are. The linear regression analysis suggests that it is possible to correct the output to reduce the difference between reference and low-cost sensors, enabling the use of low-cost sensors to assess indoor thermal comfort in terms of PMV and outdoor thermal stress in UTCI and encouraging a more conscious use for environmental and human-centric research.
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Kane F, Abbate J, Landahl EC, Potosnak MJ. Monitoring Particulate Matter with Wearable Sensors and the Influence on Student Environmental Attitudes. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22031295. [PMID: 35162041 PMCID: PMC8837917 DOI: 10.3390/s22031295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mobile monitoring of air pollution is a growing field, prospectively filling in spatial gaps while personalizing air-quality-based risk assessment. We developed wearable sensors to record particulate matter (PM), and through a community science approach, students of partnering Chicago high schools monitored PM concentrations during their commutes over a five- and thirteen-day period. Our main objective was to investigate how mobile monitoring influenced students' environmental attitudes and we did this by having the students explore the relationship between PM concentrations and urban vegetation. Urban vegetation was approximated with a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using Landsat 8 satellite imagery. While the linear regression for one partner school indicated a negative correlation between PM and vegetation, the other indicated a positive correlation, contrary to our expectations. Survey responses were scored on the basis of their environmental affinity and knowledge. There were no significant differences between cumulative pre- and post-experiment survey responses at Josephinum Academy, and only one weakly significant difference in survey results at DePaul Prep in the Knowledge category. However, changes within certain attitudinal subscales may possibly suggest that students were inclined to practice more sustainable behaviors, but perhaps lacked the resources to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Kane
- Department of Environmental Science and Studies, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA; (F.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Joseph Abbate
- Department of Environmental Science and Studies, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA; (F.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Eric C. Landahl
- Department of Physics, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA;
| | - Mark J. Potosnak
- Department of Environmental Science and Studies, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA; (F.K.); (J.A.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Yang J, Ju S. Washable and stretchable fiber with heat and ultraviolet color conversion. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22351-22359. [PMID: 36106006 PMCID: PMC9364179 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03948f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wearable fabric-type color conversion sensors are very effective in quickly expressing danger or warnings to people. In particular, they can visually show information regarding the external environment, such as its temperature or ultraviolet (UV) intensity. However, a wearable sensor worn on the human body should maintain its sensing performance without deterioration even when exposed to various external stimuli, such as the repeated movements caused by human activity, sweat, and washing. In this study, thermochromic and UV photochromic fibers were fabricated to maintain stable color conversion functionality in response to temperature and UV irradiation even after continuous tensile-shrinkage, exposure to sweat and detergent solution. The thermochromic or UV photochromic materials were coated on the inside and outside of strands constituting a highly elastic spandex fiber. By adding polydimethylsiloxane to the color-changing material, the physical and chemical stability of the color-conversion thin film coated on the strand increased. The fabricated thermochromic fiber had a blue-green color and changed to white as the temperature increased, whereas the fabricated UV photochromic fiber was white and changed to purple as the UV intensity increased. In addition, the color conversion coating film was not lost even when exposed to repeated stretching and sweat/washing solutions, and a stable color-change reactivity was maintained. The thermochromic and UV photochromic fibers introduced in this study are expected to contribute to the commercialization of wearable colorimetric sensors by solving the problems regarding the physical stimulation and washing stability of existing coating-type color conversion fibers and textiles. Thermochromic- and UV-photochromic-materials embedded stretchable fibers showed stable color conversion functionality in response to temperature and UV irradiation even after continuous tensile-shrinkage, exposure to sweat, and detergent exposure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonguk Yang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Sanghyun Ju
- Department of Nanoengineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
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