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Cheng KC, Chiu YL, Tsai CL, Hsu YL, Tsai YJ. Fatigue Affects Body Acceleration During Vertical Jumping and Agility Tasks in Elite Young Badminton Players. Sports Health 2024:19417381241245908. [PMID: 38634629 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241245908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Badminton is a sport demanding both high aerobic and anaerobic fitness levels, and fatigue can significantly impact game performance. However, relevant studies are limited, and none have employed a wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) to investigate the effects of fatigue on athletic performance in the field. HYPOTHESIS Overall performance and body acceleration in both time and frequency domains during the fundamental badminton skills of vertical jumping and changes of direction will be affected by fatigue. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS A total of 38 young badminton players competing at the Division I level participated. Body accelerations while performing vertical jump and agility-T tests before and immediately after undergoing a fatigue protocol were measured by an IMU, positioned at the L4 to L5 level. RESULTS Jumping height decreased significantly by 4 cm (P < 0.01) after fatigue with greater downward acceleration (1.03 m/s2, P < 0.05) during the squatting subphase. Finishing time increased significantly by 50 ms only during the 10-m side-shuffling of the agility-T test (P = 0.02) after fatigue with greater peak and mean accelerations (3.83 m/s2, P = 0.04; 0.43 m/s2, P < 0.01), and higher median and mean frequency (0.38 Hz, P = 0.04, 0.11 Hz, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION This study using a wearable IMU demonstrates the effects of fatigue on body acceleration in badminton players. The frequency-domain analysis further indicated that fatigue might lead to loss of voluntary control of active muscles and increased impacts on the passive elastic elements. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings imply that fatigue can lead to diminished athletic performance and highlight the potential for an increased risk of sports injuries. Consequently, maintaining precision in monitoring fatigue is crucial for elite young badminton players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chia Cheng
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lan Chiu
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Chung Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Tsai
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Chung Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Hsu
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Chung Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Physical Therapy Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Arrigoni P, Cucchi D, Beltrame G, Ribolzi R, Ceccarelli C, Zaolino C, Ellenbecker T, Randelli PS. A low carrying angle is measured in elite tennis players just before ball impact during the forehand, suggesting a dynamic varus instant accommodation moving towards full extension. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:29-36. [PMID: 38226669 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to use image analysis recordings to measure the carrying angle of elite male tennis players during the forehand stroke, with the hypothesis that elite tennis players overstress their elbow in valgus over the physiological degree in the frontal plane just before ball contact on forehand groundstrokes. METHODS The carrying angle of male tennis players ranked in the top 25 positions in the ATP ranking was measured on selected video frames with the elbow as close as possible to full extension just before the ball-racket contact in forehands. These frames were extracted from 306 videos professionally recorded for training purposes by a high-profile video analyst. All measures were conducted by three independent observers. RESULTS Sixteen frames were finally included. The mean carrying angle was 11.5° ± 4.7°. The intraclass correlation coefficient value was 0.703, showing good reliability of the measurement technique. The measured carrying angle was lower than what has been observed in historical cohorts using comparable measurement methodology, suggesting a possible instant varus accommodation mechanism before hitting the ball. CONCLUSIONS The observed decrease in the carrying angle is a consequence of an increase in elbow flexion position dictated by the transition from a closed to open, semi-open stances. As the elbow flexes during the preparation phase, it is less constrained by the olecranon and its fossa, increasing the strain on the medial collateral ligament and capsule structures. Moving towards full extension before the ball-racket contact, the elbow is dynamically stabilised by a contraction of the flexor muscles. These observations could provide a new explanation for medial elbow injuries among elite tennis players and drive specific rehabilitation protocols. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Arrigoni
- Clinica Ortopedica, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Cucchi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Giulia Beltrame
- Scuola Di Specializzazione in Ortopedia e Traumatologia Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Romeo Ribolzi
- Scuola Di Specializzazione in Ortopedia e Traumatologia Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Zaolino
- Clinica Ortopedica, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Todd Ellenbecker
- Medical Services, ATP Tour, Ponte Vedra Beach, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Rehab Plus Sports Therapy Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Pietro S Randelli
- Clinica Ortopedica, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases (RECAP-RD), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Lambrich J, Muehlbauer T. Biomechanical analyses of different serve and groundstroke techniques in tennis: A systematic scoping review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290320. [PMID: 37590226 PMCID: PMC10434869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic scoping review aims to summarize findings regarding kinetic, kinematic, and electromyographic analyses of different characteristics (i.e., type/direction and stance style) of the tennis serve and groundstroke. A systematic search of the literature was performed on the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SportDiscus from their inception date till May 2023. A descriptive analysis of results was conducted. The literature search identified a total of N = 899 records, 23 of which met the inclusion criteria and were analysed in this review. A total of 229 participants aged 18 to 62 years participated in the studies. The studies revealed varying results, ranging from significantly lower/higher values to no significant differences between serve/groundstroke characteristics. These inconsistent results may most likely be attributed to discrepancies in the methodological approach such as players' age (18-62 years), sex (i.e., men only or both sexes), and performance level (i.e., recreational, intermediate, or advanced) as well as the applied measurement devices (i.e., force plate or pressure-detecting insoles; motion capture system, high-speed video recordings, or IMU sensors) and used outcomes (i.e., measured or estimated force etc.). Future research is needed to provide a comprehensive biomechanical analysis of different serve/groundstroke characteristics. Specifically, it is recommended to compare different tennis serve and groundstroke types/directions and stance styles in female and male age-matched players with diverging performance levels (i.e., recreational, intermediate, advanced) using combined (i.e., kinetic, kinematic, and electromyographic) biomechanical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lambrich
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Muehlbauer
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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He Y, Liang M, Fang Y, Fekete G, Baker JS, Gu Y. Lumbar and pelvis movement comparison between cross-court and long-line topspin forehand in table tennis: based on musculoskeletal model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1185177. [PMID: 37404682 PMCID: PMC10315575 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1185177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cross-court and the long-line topspin forehand is the common and basic stroke skill in table tennis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in lumbar and pelvis movements between cross-court and long-line topspin forehand strokes in table tennis based on musculoskeletal demands using OpenSim. Materials and Methods: The eight-camera Vicon system and Kistler force platform were used to measure kinematics and kinetics in the lumbar and pelvis movement of sixteen participants (Weight: 69.89 ± 1.58 kg; Height: 1.73 ± 0.03 m; Age: 22.89 ± 2.03 years; BMI: 23.45 ± 0.69 kg/m2; Experience: 8.33 ± 0.71 years) during cross-court and long-line topspin forehand play. The data was imputed into OpenSim providing the establishment of the Giat2392 musculoskeletal model for simulation. One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping and independent samples t-test was performed in MATLAB and SPSS to analyze the kinematics and kinetics. Results: The results show that the range of motion, peak moment, and maximum angle of the lumbar and pelvis movement in cross-court play were significantly higher than in the long-line stroke play. The moment of long-line in the sagittal and frontal plane was significantly higher than cross-court play in the early stroke phase. Conclusion: The lumbar and pelvis embody greater weight transfer and greater energy production mechanisms when players performed cross-court compared to long-line topspin forehand. Beginners could enhance their motor control strategies in forehand topspin skills and master this skill more easily based on the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi He
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Minjun Liang
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yufei Fang
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Gusztáv Fekete
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Rigozzi CJ, Vio GA, Poronnik P. Comparison of Grip Strength, Forearm Muscle Activity, and Shock Transmission between the Forehand Stroke Technique of Experienced and Recreational Tennis Players Using a Novel Wearable Device. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115146. [PMID: 37299874 DOI: 10.3390/s23115146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Upper limb tennis injuries are primarily chronic, resulting from repetitive overuse. We developed a wearable device which simultaneously measures risk factors (grip strength, forearm muscle activity, and vibrational data) associated with elbow tendinopathy development resulting from tennis players' technique. We tested the device on experienced (n = 18) and recreational (n = 22) tennis players hitting forehand cross-court at both flat and topspin spin levels under realistic playing conditions. Using statistical parametric mapping analysis, our results showed that all players showed a similar level of grip strength at impact, regardless of spin level, and the grip strength at impact did not influence the percentage of impact shock transfer to the wrist and elbow. Experienced players hitting with topspin exhibited the highest ball spin rotation, low-to-high swing path brushing action, and shock transfer to the wrist and elbow compared to the results obtained while hitting the ball flat, or when compared to the results obtained from recreational players. Recreational players exhibited significantly higher extensor activity during most of the follow through phase compared to the experienced players for both spin levels, potentially putting them at greater risk for developing lateral elbow tendinopathy. We successfully demonstrated that wearable technologies can be used to measure risk factors associated with elbow injury development in tennis players under realistic playing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle Jean Rigozzi
- FMH Media Lab, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Gareth A Vio
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Philip Poronnik
- FMH Media Lab, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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Zaidi Z, Martin D, Belles N, Zakharov V, Krishna A, Lee KM, Wagstaff P, Naik S, Sklar M, Choi S, Kakehi Y, Patil R, Mallemadugula D, Pesce F, Wilson P, Hom W, Diamond M, Zhao B, Moorman N, Paleja R, Chen L, Seraj E, Gombolay M. Athletic Mobile Manipulator System for Robotic Wheelchair Tennis. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2023.3249401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kin Man Lee
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Sumedh Naik
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Sugju Choi
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Wilson
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wendell Hom
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Bryan Zhao
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nina Moorman
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rohan Paleja
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Letian Chen
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Kirking B. Angle measurement stability and cycle counting accuracy of hours-long duration IMU based arm motion tracking with application to normal shoulder ADLs. Gait Posture 2023; 100:27-32. [PMID: 36469964 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inertial measurement units are increasing used for monitoring joint motion, but there is a need to demonstrate their suitability during hours-long continuous use, as well as a need for validated methods to count arm cycles and provide descriptions of typical cycles. RESEARCH QUESTION Do IMU sensors and rainflow counting have sufficient accuracy for tracking and cycle counting of hours-long continuous arm motion? If so, what are the cycle rates of normal arm ADL and is there a representative cycle that can serve as a 'gait cycle' for the arm? METHODS IMU sensors continuously tracked a robot performing 8 h of simulated cyclic arm motion. Error in the angle measurements was regressed against time to determine the rate of error and the total accumulated error. Additionally, the cycle count accuracy of rainflow, peak/valley, and Fourier transform counting methods was evaluated. RESULTS Over 8 h the IMU measurements accumulated a maximum 0.473° of error and the rainflow method counted cycles with less than 1% error. Applying rainflow counting to normal shoulder ADL resulted in an average rate of 533 elevation cycles per day.Tabulating the ADL cycles by mean and range values into a matrix and calculating the centroid, the single best values representing arm elevation cycles were a mean of 22.4° and a range of 21.6°. SIGNIFICANCE IMU sensors can track arm motion for 8 h with little increase in error, though during longer durations error may reach unacceptable levels. For normal arm ADL, the rainflow determined count of arm elevation full-cycles differed from previous estimates based on peak/valley counting. From the rainflow counting, a single cycle representation of cycle mean and range was determined that can be used as a 'gait cycle' for the shoulder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Kirking
- Enovis, 9801 Metric Blvd, Austin, TX 78758, United States.
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