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Sultan MA, Saadeh W. Continuous Patient-Independent Estimation of Respiratory Rate and Blood Pressure Using Robust Spectro-Temporal Features Derived From Photoplethysmogram Only. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 5:637-649. [PMID: 39184965 PMCID: PMC11342923 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2023.3329728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: A patient-independent approach for continuous estimation of vital signs using robust spectro-temporal features derived from only photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal. Methods: In the pre-processing stage, we remove baseline shifts and artifacts of the PPG signal using Incremental Merge Segmentation with adaptive thresholding. From the cleaned PPG, we extract multiple parameters independent of individual patient PPG morphology for both Respiration Rate (RR) and Blood Pressure (BP). In addition, we derived a set of novel spectral and statistical features strongly correlated to BP. We proposed robust correlation-based feature selection methods for accurate RR estimates. For fewer computations and accurate measurements of BP, the most significant features are selected using correlation and mutual information measures in the feature engineering part. Finally, RR and BP are estimated using breath counting and a neural network regression model, respectively. Results: The proposed approach outperforms the current state-of-the-art in both RR and BP. The RR algorithm results in mean absolute errors (median, 25th-75th percentiles) of 0.4 (0.1-0.7) for CapnoBase dataset and 0.5(0.3-2.8) for BIDMC dataset without discarding any data window. Similarly, BP approach has been validated on a large dataset derived from MIMIC-II ([Formula: see text]1700 records) which has errors (mean absolute, standard deviation) of 5.0(6.3) and 3.0(4.0) for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. The results meet the American Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and British Hypertension Society (BHS) Class A criteria. Conclusion: By using robust features and feature selection methods, we alleviated patient dependency to have reliable estimates of vitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmad Sultan
- Electrical Engineering DepartmentLahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan
| | - Wala Saadeh
- The Engineering and Design DepartmentWestern Washington University (WWU)BellinghamWA98225USA
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Shumba AT, Montanaro T, Sergi I, Bramanti A, Ciccarelli M, Rispoli A, Carrizzo A, De Vittorio M, Patrono L. Wearable Technologies and AI at the Far Edge for Chronic Heart Failure Prevention and Management: A Systematic Review and Prospects. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6896. [PMID: 37571678 PMCID: PMC10422393 DOI: 10.3390/s23156896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Smart wearable devices enable personalized at-home healthcare by unobtrusively collecting patient health data and facilitating the development of intelligent platforms to support patient care and management. The accurate analysis of data obtained from wearable devices is crucial for interpreting and contextualizing health data and facilitating the reliable diagnosis and management of critical and chronic diseases. The combination of edge computing and artificial intelligence has provided real-time, time-critical, and privacy-preserving data analysis solutions. However, based on the envisioned service, evaluating the additive value of edge intelligence to the overall architecture is essential before implementation. This article aims to comprehensively analyze the current state of the art on smart health infrastructures implementing wearable and AI technologies at the far edge to support patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). In particular, we highlight the contribution of edge intelligence in supporting the integration of wearable devices into IoT-aware technology infrastructures that provide services for patient diagnosis and management. We also offer an in-depth analysis of open challenges and provide potential solutions to facilitate the integration of wearable devices with edge AI solutions to provide innovative technological infrastructures and interactive services for patients and doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela-Tafadzwa Shumba
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.-T.S.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (M.D.V.)
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Teodoro Montanaro
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.-T.S.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (M.D.V.)
| | - Ilaria Sergi
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.-T.S.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (M.D.V.)
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana” (DIPMED), University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana” (DIPMED), University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonella Rispoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana” (DIPMED), University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana” (DIPMED), University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.-T.S.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (M.D.V.)
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Luigi Patrono
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.-T.S.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (M.D.V.)
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Wang CF, Wang TY, Kuo PH, Wang HL, Li SZ, Lin CM, Chan SC, Liu TY, Lo YC, Lin SH, Chen YY. Upper-Arm Photoplethysmographic Sensor with One-Time Calibration for Long-Term Blood Pressure Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:321. [PMID: 36979533 PMCID: PMC10046397 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wearable cuffless photoplethysmographic blood pressure monitors have garnered widespread attention in recent years; however, the long-term performance values of these devices are questionable. Most cuffless blood pressure monitors require initial baseline calibration and regular recalibrations with a cuffed blood pressure monitor to ensure accurate blood pressure estimation, and their estimation accuracy may vary over time if left uncalibrated. Therefore, this study assessed the accuracy and long-term performance of an upper-arm, cuffless photoplethysmographic blood pressure monitor according to the ISO 81060-2 standard. This device was based on a nonlinear machine-learning model architecture with a fine-tuning optimized method. The blood pressure measurement protocol followed a validation procedure according to the standard, with an additional four weekly blood pressure measurements over a 1-month period, to assess the long-term performance values of the upper-arm, cuffless photoplethysmographic blood pressure monitor. The results showed that the photoplethysmographic signals obtained from the upper arm had better qualities when compared with those measured from the wrist. When compared with the cuffed blood pressure monitor, the means ± standard deviations of the difference in BP at week 1 (baseline) were -1.36 ± 7.24 and -2.11 ± 5.71 mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, which met the first criterion of ≤5 ± ≤8.0 mmHg and met the second criterion of a systolic blood pressure ≤ 6.89 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure ≤ 6.84 mmHg. The differences in the uncalibrated blood pressure values between the test and reference blood pressure monitors measured from week 2 to week 5 remained stable and met both criteria 1 and 2 of the ISO 81060-2 standard. The upper-arm, cuffless photoplethysmographic blood pressure monitor in this study generated high-quality photoplethysmographic signals with satisfactory accuracy at both initial calibration and 1-month follow-ups. This device could be a convenient and practical tool to continuously measure blood pressure over long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Biomedical Engineering Research and Development Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, No. 195, Sec. 4, Chunghsing Rd., Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Han-Lin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Zhang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Lin
- Microlife Corporation, 9F, No. 431, Ruiguang Rd., Taipei 114063, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Microlife Corporation, 9F, No. 431, Ruiguang Rd., Taipei 114063, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Liu
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, No. 195, Sec. 4, Chunghsing Rd., Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- The Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Xing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Huang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Xing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation and Translation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
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Qin K, Huang W, Zhang T, Tang S. Machine learning and deep learning for blood pressure prediction: a methodological review from multiple perspectives. Artif Intell Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10462-022-10353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Man PK, Cheung KL, Sangsiri N, Shek WJ, Wong KL, Chin JW, Chan TT, So RHY. Blood Pressure Measurement: From Cuff-Based to Contactless Monitoring. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102113. [PMID: 36292560 PMCID: PMC9601911 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) determines whether a person has hypertension and offers implications as to whether he or she could be affected by cardiovascular disease. Cuff-based sphygmomanometers have traditionally provided both accuracy and reliability, but they require bulky equipment and relevant skills to obtain precise measurements. BP measurement from photoplethysmography (PPG) signals has become a promising alternative for convenient and unobtrusive BP monitoring. Moreover, the recent developments in remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) algorithms have enabled new innovations for contactless BP measurement. This paper illustrates the evolution of BP measurement techniques from the biophysical theory, through the development of contact-based BP measurement from PPG signals, and to the modern innovations of contactless BP measurement from rPPG signals. We consolidate knowledge from a diverse background of academic research to highlight the importance of multi-feature analysis for improving measurement accuracy. We conclude with the ongoing challenges, opportunities, and possible future directions in this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Kwan Man
- PanopticAI, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Kit-Leong Cheung
- PanopticAI, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nawapon Sangsiri
- PanopticAI, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wilfred Jin Shek
- PanopticAI, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Kwan-Long Wong
- PanopticAI, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Wei Chin
- PanopticAI, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz-Tai Chan
- PanopticAI, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard Hau-Yue So
- PanopticAI, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Antecedents for Older Adults' Intention to Use Smart Health Wearable Devices-Technology Anxiety as a Moderator. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12040114. [PMID: 35447686 PMCID: PMC9028451 DOI: 10.3390/bs12040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the demands for surveillance of chronic diseases, long-term care, and self-health management has allowed mobile smart health wearable devices to become products with greater business potential in past years. Wearable devices being able to be worn for long periods are the most suitable for 24-h weatherproof monitoring. Nevertheless, most technological products are not developed specifically for older adults. Older adults might be apprehensive and fearful about the use of technological equipment and might appear “technologically anxious”, so it was wondered whether older adults could smoothly operate and comfortably use smart wearable device products, and how “technological anxiety” would affect their behavior and attitude towards using these devices. The variables of “technology readiness”, “technological interactivity”, “perceived usefulness”, “perceived ease of use”, “attitude”, and “intention to use” are therefore discussed in this study. Taking “technological anxiety” as the moderating variable to develop the questionnaire scale, the quantitative research with structural equation model is applied to discuss the older adults’ intention to use smart health wearable devices. The questionnaire was distributed to older adults’ community care centers, senior centers, and senior learning centers in Taiwan, and to an older adults’ group above the age of 60 with experience in using smart bracelets. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, and 183 were retrieved, with 166 valid copies. The research results reveal that users with higher technology readiness, and older adult users with higher technological interactivity, present a higher perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Technological anxiety would affect users’ attitude and further influence the intention to use. The research results could help understand older adults’ needs for using smart health wearable devices.
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Yin A, Zhou J, Liang T. A Gaussian Process State Space Model Fusion Physical Model and Residual Analysis for Fatigue Evaluation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:2540. [PMID: 35408152 PMCID: PMC9002832 DOI: 10.3390/s22072540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Residual stress is closely related to the evolution process of the component fatigue state, but it can be affected by various sources. Conventional fatigue evaluation either focuses on the physical process, which is limited by the complexity of the physical process and the environment, or on monitored data to form a data-driven model, which lacks a relation to the degenerate process and is more sensitive to the quality of the data. This paper proposes a fusion-driven fatigue evaluation model based on the Gaussian process state-space model, which considers the importance of physical processes and the residuals. Through state-space theory, the probabilistic space evaluation results of the Gaussian process and linear physical model are used as the hidden state evaluation results and hidden state change observation function, respectively, to construct a complete Gaussian process state-space framework. Then, through the solution of a particle filter, the importance of the residual is inferred and the fatigue evaluation model is established. Fatigue tests on titanium alloy components were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the fatigue evaluation model. The results indicated that the proposed models could correct evaluation results that were far away from the input data and improve the stability of the prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (J.Z.); (T.L.)
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (J.Z.); (T.L.)
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tianyou Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (J.Z.); (T.L.)
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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