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Yoshinobu T, Ikeda R, Miyamoto KI. Control Circuits for Potentiostatic/Galvanostatic Polarization and Simultaneous Chemical Sensing by a Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5666. [PMID: 39275577 PMCID: PMC11398221 DOI: 10.3390/s24175666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a semiconductor-based sensor platform for sensing and imaging of various chemical species. Being a potentiometric sensor, no faradaic current flows through its sensing surface, and no electrochemical reaction takes place in the course of LAPS measurement. In this study, a four-electrode system is proposed, in which a LAPS is combined with the conventional three-electrode electrochemical system. A LAPS is included as the fourth electrode for potentiometric sensing and imaging of the target analyte in the course of an electrochemical reaction taking place on the surface of the working electrode. The integrated system will be useful for analyzing dynamic processes, where both the electrochemical process on the electrode surface and the ion distribution in the solution need to be simultaneously investigated. Different grounding modes of control circuits that can simultaneously conduct potentiostatic/galvanostatic polarization and LAPS measurement are designed, and their functionalities are tested. The interference between polarization and LAPS measurement will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Yoshinobu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Rintaro Ikeda
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ko-Ichiro Miyamoto
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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2
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Zhang H, Yuan HR, Zhu ZJ, Zhang QH, Bai YH, Wang JY, Cao FH. A highly sensitive, long-time stable Ag/AgCl ultra-micro sensor for in situ monitoring chloride ions inside the crevice using SECM. Talanta 2024; 274:126026. [PMID: 38604039 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Tracking the variation of Cl- timely within the crevice is of great significance for comprehending the dynamic mechanism of crevice corrosion. The reported chloride ion selective electrodes are difficult to realize the long-time Cl- detection inside the confined crevice, due to their millimeter size or a relative limited lifespan. For this purpose, an Ag/AgCl ultra-micro sensor (UMS) with a radius of 12.5 μm was fabricated and optimized using laser drawing and electrodeposition techniques. Results show the AgCl film's structure is significantly impacted by the deposited current density, and further affects the linear response, life span and stability of Ag/AgCl UMS. The UMS prepared at current density of 0.1 mA/cm2 for 2 h shows a rapid response (several seconds), excellent stability and reproducibility, strong acid/alkali tolerance, sufficient linearity (R2 > 0.99), and long lifespan (86 days). Moreover, combined with the potentiometric mode of scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM), the Ag/AgCl UMS was successfully applied to monitor the in-situ radial Cl- concentration in micro-regions inside a 100 μm gap of stainless steel. The findings demonstrated that there was obvious radial difference in Cl- concentration inside the crevice, where the fastest rise in Cl- concentration was at the opening. The proposed method which combines the UMS with SECM has attractive practical applications for microzone Cl- monitoring in real time inside crevice. It may further promote the study of other localized corrosion mechanism and the development of microzone ions detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Hao-Ran Yuan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Ze-Jie Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
| | - Qin-Hao Zhang
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Yi-Han Bai
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Jiang-Ying Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Fa-He Cao
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
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Zhu Z, Zhang H, Bai Y, Liu P, Yuan H, Wang J, Cao F. Crevice Corrosion Behavior of 201 Stainless Steel in NaCl Solutions with Different pH Values by In Situ Monitoring. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1158. [PMID: 38473628 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Crevice corrosion (CC) behavior of 201 stainless steel (SS) in 1 M NaCl + x M HCl/y M NaOH solutions with various pH was investigated using SECM and optical microscopic observations. Results show that the CC was initiated by the decrease in pH value within the crevice. The pH value near the crevice mouth falls rapidly to 1.38 in the first 2 h in the strongly acidic solution, while the pH value was observed to rise firstly and then decrease in the neutral and alkaline solutions. It indicates there is no incubation phase in the CC evolution of 201-SS in a pH = 2.00 solution, while an incubation phase was observed in pH = 7.00 and 11.00 solutions. Additionally, there appeared to be a radial pH variation within the gap over time. The pH value is the lowest at the gap mouth, which is in line with the in situ optical observation result that the severely corroded region is at the mouth of the gap. The decrease in pH value inside results in the negative shift of open circuit potential (OCP) and the initiation of CC of 201-SS. The increased anodic dissolution rate in the acidic solution accelerates the breakdown of passive film inside, reducing the initiation time and stimulating the spread of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejie Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yihan Bai
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Frontier Research Initiative, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Haoran Yuan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiangying Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fahe Cao
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Luo J, Liu S, Chen Y, Tan J, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Li G, Du Y, Zheng Y, Li X, Li H, Tan Y. Light Addressable Potentiometric Sensors for Biochemical Imaging on Microscale: A Review on Optimization of Imaging Speed and Spatial Resolution. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42028-42044. [PMID: 38024735 PMCID: PMC10652365 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Light addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) are a competitive tool for unmarked biochemical imaging, especially imaging on microscale. It is essential to optimize the imaging speed and spatial resolution of LAPS since the imaging targets of LAPS, such as cell, microfluidic channel, etc., require LAPS to image at the micrometer level, and a fast enough imaging speed is a prerequisite for the dynamic process involved in biochemical imaging. In this study, we discuss the improvement of LAPS in terms of imaging speed and spatial resolution. The development of LAPS in imaging speed and spatial resolution is demonstrated by the latest applications of biochemistry monitoring and imaging on the microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhang Luo
- School
of Electronics and Information, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibin Liu
- School
of Electronics and Information, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinhao Chen
- School
of Electronics and Information, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Tan
- School
of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information, Xihua University, Chengdou, Sichuan 610097, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Institute
of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School
of Electronics and Information, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guifang Li
- School
of Electronics and Information, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqian Du
- School
of Electronics and Information, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoxin Zheng
- Beijing
Automation Control Equipment Institute, Beijing 100074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueliang Li
- School
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Li
- College of
Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi Polytechnic
Institute, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Tan
- School
of Electronics and Information, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
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Shokri A, Sanavi Fard M. Corrosion in seawater desalination industry: A critical analysis of impacts and mitigation strategies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135640. [PMID: 35830934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the current world, freshwater production by clean energy sources with minimum environmental footprints is the main challenge for humankind which is dramatically deteriorating by overexploitation of available water resources. Seawater desalination technology greatly contributes to the mitigation of these serious conditions to produce potable water. However, because desalination plants handle extremely aggressive seawater under stringent operational conditions, they are highly vulnerable to insidious effects of corrosion primarily in the form of general and localized corrosion. Moreover, mineral scaling and bio-fouling are major challenges that further exacerbate corrosion phenomena. So, to ensure the continual operation and curbing corrosion in seawater desalination systems, strict monitoring and selection of highly corrosion-resistance materials are of prime concern. The present paper briefly explores fundamental concepts of corrosion in the desalination industry besides discussing different mitigation strategies for reducing the pernicious effects of corrosion which gravely impair environment quality and durability of desalination infrastructures. Moreover, the authors propose the knowledge gaps and perspectives to delineate the future research direction. Effective solutions for avoiding seawater stagnation, developing highly sophisticated coatings and surface modification technologies, application of advanced computational programs for accurate prediction of possible corrosion failure in desalination plants, and using quantum technology and magnetic corrosion inhibitor in seawater desalination are recommended as an urgent future research focus to combat against corrosion. On the whole, despite outstanding breakthroughs in the field of corrosion control in the desalination industry, the long-term performance of current materials is highly controversial as still many cases of corrosion failures have been reported which indicates the necessity of intensive research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shokri
- Jundi-Shapur Research Institute, Jundi-shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Sanavi Fard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran
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