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Mitra M, Kumar A, Khandare S, Gaddale P, Anandan Y, Pedibhotla S, Roy K, Chen H, Pratap R, Kothapalli SR. Low-Cost Scalable PCB-Based 2-D Transducer Arrays for Volumetric Photoacoustic Imaging. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2024; 24:4380-4386. [PMID: 38505656 PMCID: PMC10947080 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2023.3344824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging provides deep tissue molecular imaging of chromophores with optical absorption contrast and ultrasonic resolution. Present PA imaging techniques are predominantly limited to one 2D plane per acquisition. 2D ultrasound transducers, required for real-time 3D PA imaging, are high-cost, complex to fabricate and have limited scalability in design. We present novel PCB-based 2D matrix ultrasound transducer arrays that are capable of being bulk manufactured at low-cost without using laborious ultrasound fabrication tools. The 2D ultrasound array specifications are easily scalable with respect to widely available PCB design and fabrication tools at low cost. To demonstrate scalability, we fabricated low (11 MHz) frequency 8x8 matrix array and high (40 MHz) frequency 4x4 matrix array by directly bonding an undiced polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric material of desired thickness to the custom designed PCB substrate. Characterization results demonstrate wideband PA receive sensitivity for both low (87%) and high (188%) frequency arrays. Volumetric PA imaging results of light absorbing targets inside optical scattering medium demonstrate improved spatial resolution and field of view with increase in aperture size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaan Mitra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, KA, India
| | - Shubham Khandare
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Prameth Gaddale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yashoda Anandan
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, KA, India
| | - Srian Pedibhotla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kaustav Roy
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, KA, India
| | - Haoyang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rudra Pratap
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, KA, India
| | - Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Graduate Program in Acoustics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
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Kim S, Jo Y, Im GH, Lee C, Oh C, Kook G, Kim SG, Lee HJ. Miniaturized MR-compatible ultrasound system for real-time monitoring of acoustic effects in mice using high-resolution MRI. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120201. [PMID: 37269955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Visualization of focused ultrasound in high spatial and temporal resolution is crucial for accurately and precisely targeting brain regions noninvasively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most widely used noninvasive tool for whole-brain imaging. However, focused ultrasound studies employing high-resolution (> 9.4 T) MRI in small animals are limited by the small size of the radiofrequency (RF) volume coil and the noise sensitivity of the image to external systems such as bulky ultrasound transducers. This technical note reports a miniaturized ultrasound transducer system packaged directly above a mouse brain for monitoring ultrasound-induced effects using high-resolution 9.4 T MRI. Our miniaturized system integrates MR-compatible materials with electromagnetic (EM) noise reduction techniques to demonstrate echo-planar imaging (EPI) signal changes in the mouse brain at various ultrasound acoustic intensities. The proposed ultrasound-MRI system will enable extensive research in the expanding field of ultrasound therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subeen Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yehhyun Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Geun Ho Im
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Chanhee Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Chaerin Oh
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Geon Kook
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Hyunjoo J Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea; KAIST Institute for Nano Century (KINC), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
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