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Santana Muñoz D, Lorca Navarro M, Araya Orellana E, Moscoso Aguayo P, Martínez Huenchullán S. [Effect of training with immersive virtual reality on the risk of falling in the elderly: a systematic review]. Rehabilitacion (Madr) 2024; 58:100857. [PMID: 38788265 DOI: 10.1016/j.rh.2024.100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Aging entails changes in the human body, generating a decrease in physical capabilities, including the risk of falls. New therapies are currently emerging for the risk of falls and immersive virtual reality is one of them, giving the user a realistic feeling of a virtual environment. This systematic review aims to investigate the effects of immersive virtual reality on the risk of falling in older people. Randomized controlled clinical trials were included, with at least one intervention group that used immersive virtual reality, age >60 years and without multiple serious pathologies. Articles published until November 2023 were included, in accordance with the PRISMA guideline and including the PICO strategy, in the electronic databases PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, Semantic Scholar and Science Direct. From a total of 413 articles, 7 studies were selected, which met the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the studies reviewed, the majority found significant improvements in tests that measure risk of falls, only one study did not find improvements in this variable but did find improvements for walking speed and functional reach test. Despite the limited literature, it seems that these interventions can have a positive effect, becoming a good tool to reduce the risk of falling in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Santana Muñoz
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M Lorca Navarro
- Instituto de Aparato Locomotor y Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - E Araya Orellana
- Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - P Moscoso Aguayo
- Instituto de Aparato Locomotor y Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - S Martínez Huenchullán
- Instituto de Aparato Locomotor y Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Mao Q, Zhang J, Yu L, Zhao Y, Luximon Y, Wang H. Effectiveness of sensor-based interventions in improving gait and balance performance in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:85. [PMID: 38807117 PMCID: PMC11131332 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensor-based interventions (SI) have been suggested as an alternative rehabilitation treatment to improve older adults' functional performance. However, the effectiveness of different sensor technologies in improving gait and balance remains unclear and requires further investigation. METHODS Ten databases (Academic Search Premier; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Complete; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; MEDLINE; PubMed; Web of Science; OpenDissertations; Open grey; ProQuest; and Grey literature report) were searched for relevant articles published up to December 20, 2022. Conventional functional assessments, including the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, normal gait speed, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and Falling Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), were used as the evaluation outcomes reflecting gait and balance performance. We first meta-analyzed the effectiveness of SI, which included optical sensors (OPTS), perception sensors (PCPS), and wearable sensors (WS), compared with control groups, which included non-treatment intervention (NTI) and traditional physical exercise intervention (TPEI). We further conducted sub-group analysis to compare the effectiveness of SI (OPTS, PCPS, and WS) with TPEI groups and compared each SI subtype with control (NTI and TPEI) and TPEI groups. RESULTS We scanned 6255 articles and performed meta-analyses of 58 selected trials (sample size = 2713). The results showed that SI groups were significantly more effective than control or TPEI groups (p < 0.000) in improving gait and balance performance. The subgroup meta-analyses between OPTS groups and TPEI groups revealed clear statistically significant differences in effectiveness for TUG test (mean difference (MD) = - 0.681 s; p < 0.000), normal gait speed (MD = 4.244 cm/s; p < 0.000), BBS (MD = 2.325; p = 0.001), 6MWT (MD = 25.166 m; p < 0.000), and FES-I scores (MD = - 2.036; p = 0.036). PCPS groups also presented statistically significant differences with TPEI groups in gait and balance assessments for normal gait speed (MD = 4.382 cm/s; p = 0.034), BBS (MD = 1.874; p < 0.000), 6MWT (MD = 21.904 m; p < 0.000), and FES-I scores (MD = - 1.161; p < 0.000), except for the TUG test (MD = - 0.226 s; p = 0.106). There were no statistically significant differences in TUG test (MD = - 1.255 s; p = 0.101) or normal gait speed (MD = 6.682 cm/s; p = 0.109) between WS groups and control groups. CONCLUSIONS SI with biofeedback has a positive effect on gait and balance improvement among a mixed population of older adults. Specifically, OPTS and PCPS groups were statistically better than TPEI groups at improving gait and balance performance, whereas only the group comparison in BBS and 6MWT can reach the minimal clinically important difference. Moreover, WS groups showed no statistically or clinically significant positive effect on gait and balance improvement compared with control groups. More studies are recommended to verify the effectiveness of specific SI. Research registration PROSPERO platform: CRD42022362817. Registered on 7/10/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Mao
- School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisha Yu
- School of Data Science, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Luximon
- School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Peng Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Sha L, Dong J, He Y. Virtual reality exergames for improving physical function, cognition and depression among older nursing home residents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 57:31-44. [PMID: 38503146 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) exergames on physical function, cognition and depression among older nursing home residents. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. The PubMed, Ovid, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies from inception until June 1, 2023. The reviewers independently completed the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the sources of between-study heterogeneity and to determine whether participant or intervention characteristics influenced effect sizes. RESULTS Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The overall methodological quality was relatively high, and the overall evidence grade was moderate. VR exergames had a large effect on physical function, including mobility [SMD=-0.66, P < 0.001], balance [SMD=0.95, P < 0.001], and lower limb strength [SMD=0.53, P = 0.0009]; and a moderate effect on cognition [SMD=0.48, P = 0.02] and depression [SMD=-0.72, P = 0.03]. Subgroup analyses revealed that a training frequency of 2 sessions per week and coordinating with physiotherapists yielded greater improvements in mobility (P = 0.009; P = 0.0001). VR exergames had especially beneficial effects on balance for physically fit participants (P = 0.03) and on cognition for participants with cognitive impairment (P = 0.01). Additionally, regarding the improvement of depression, commercial VR exergames were superior to self-made systems (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION VR exergames can provide a positive impact on physical function, cognition and depression among older nursing home residents. The study also demonstrated the different benefits of exergames between participants who were physically fit and those with cognitive impairment, which is considered as an innovative, cost-efficient and sustainable approach. Specifically, commercial VR exergame programs with a frequency of 2 sessions per week and coordinating with physiotherapists may be the most appropriate and effective option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lili Zhang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Liyan Sha
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Jianli Dong
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Yang He
- School of Nursing, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
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Chen X, Ning H, Wu S, Wu L, Jiang D, Chen Y, Cao Z, Feng H. Application progress of exergames in health interventions for the elderly. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:534-540. [PMID: 39019782 PMCID: PMC11255195 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
With the aging population in China, health issues among the elderly are becoming increasingly prominent, leading to a rapidly growing demand for health interventions for the elderly. Exergames are one of the important emerging methods in the field of health interventions for the elderly, widely used and yielding positive results. While research on exergames is well-established abroad, it is still in its infancy in China, lacking reports on the types, interaction forms, intervention content, application status, and effectiveness of exergames. Exergames are suitable for widespread use among the elderly in China, and there is a need to accelerate the development and application of exergames in the field of health interventions for the elderly in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013.
| | - Hongting Ning
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013
| | - Shuang Wu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013
| | - Lina Wu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013
| | - Dian Jiang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013
| | - Yifei Chen
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013
| | - Zeng Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013.
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Ortiz-Mallasén V, Claramonte-Gual E, González-Chordá VM, Llagostera-Reverter I, Valero-Chillerón MJ, Cervera-Gasch Á. Can Virtual Reality Help Improve Motor and Cognitive Function in Active Aging in Older Adults? A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:356. [PMID: 38338241 PMCID: PMC10855498 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active aging is considered one of the most effective methods for a healthy aging process. There are numerous clinical practice guidelines that address this model and propose multiple strategies for its achievement through the improvement of motor and cognitive function. Virtual reality is emerging as a potential tool, with various modalities focused on promoting good health maintenance in older adults. The objectives of this review were to map the potential benefits of virtual reality for active aging and delve into adaptability and adherence in older individuals. METHODS A scoping review was conducted on studies published between 2013 and 2023 in English, Spanish, or Catalan, examining virtual reality interventions in older adults. The search was performed using the Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The methodological quality was assessed using CASPe and FLC 3.0 critical appraisal guidelines. The graphical data were reported narratively, grouping results based on the study characteristics and the impact of virtual reality. RESULTS The review process resulted in the inclusion of 22 articles out of the initial 459 following the application of the selection criteria. Most articles were randomized controlled trials (45.4%; n = 10), systematic reviews (40.9%; n = 9), observational studies (9%; n = 2), and pilot studies (4.5%; n = 1). The information was organized based on the virtual reality modality (immersive, non-immersive, and 360) and application area (motor, cognitive, and mental health). CONCLUSIONS Virtual reality (both immersive and non-immersive) is a valuable tool for promoting physical exercise in older adults, helping to prevent recurrent accidental falls. It also yields positive results for cognitive stimulation in healthy older individuals, improving memory, depression, and mental health in those with cognitive impairment. Virtual reality is generally well-received by older adults, achieving high adherence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Ortiz-Mallasén
- Nursing Department, Jaume I University, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain; (V.M.G.-C.); (I.L.-R.); (M.J.V.-C.); (Á.C.-G.)
| | - Eloy Claramonte-Gual
- Department of Health in Castellón, Valencian Health System, Avda Benicassim, 128, 12004 Castellón de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Víctor Manuel González-Chordá
- Nursing Department, Jaume I University, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain; (V.M.G.-C.); (I.L.-R.); (M.J.V.-C.); (Á.C.-G.)
| | - Irene Llagostera-Reverter
- Nursing Department, Jaume I University, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain; (V.M.G.-C.); (I.L.-R.); (M.J.V.-C.); (Á.C.-G.)
| | - María Jesús Valero-Chillerón
- Nursing Department, Jaume I University, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain; (V.M.G.-C.); (I.L.-R.); (M.J.V.-C.); (Á.C.-G.)
| | - Águeda Cervera-Gasch
- Nursing Department, Jaume I University, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain; (V.M.G.-C.); (I.L.-R.); (M.J.V.-C.); (Á.C.-G.)
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Rodríguez-Almagro D, Achalandabaso-Ochoa A, Ibáñez-Vera AJ, Góngora-Rodríguez J, Rodríguez-Huguet M. Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Therapy on Balance and Gait in the Elderly: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:158. [PMID: 38255047 PMCID: PMC10815791 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) therapies are presently utilized to treat physical and cognitive impairments among elderly people. This systematic review aims to collect the most recent evidence on the effectiveness of VR in improving balance and gait among healthy elderly individuals, in comparison with other therapies. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, SCOPUS, PEDro, and WoS databases, by selecting randomized clinical trials that evaluated balance, both static and dynamic, as well as gait in a population of healthy older adults who underwent virtual reality therapy. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. After eligibility criteria were applied and duplicates were removed, 20 studies were selected out of 1705 initially identified. The present systematic review concludes that virtual reality therapy is more effective than minimal intervention or usual care in enhancing static balance, dynamic balance, and gait in healthy elderly individuals. Moreover, virtual reality therapy yields better outcomes compared to traditional balance training and physical exercise in improving balance and gait in this demographic. However, both methods have shown effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodríguez-Almagro
- Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
| | - Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.A.-O.); (A.J.I.-V.)
| | - Alfonso Javier Ibáñez-Vera
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.A.-O.); (A.J.I.-V.)
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Chirico A, Avellone M, Palombi T, Alivernini F, Alessandri G, Filosa L, Pistella J, Baiocco R, Lucidi F. Exploring the Psychological Nexus of Virtual and Augmented Reality on Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Rapid Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 14:31. [PMID: 38247683 PMCID: PMC10813312 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
With the global population of older adults projected to double to 2.1 billion by 2050, it becomes crucial to promote healthy aging to alleviate the associated disease burden. In this context, technology, particularly virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), has garnered attention for its potential to augment physical activity in older adults. These immersive technologies offer interactive and enjoyable exercise experiences, making physical activity more appealing. However, the effectiveness of these interventions is not solely attributed to technology itself but is deeply intertwined with psychological processes. This rapid review examines the effectiveness of VR and AR interventions in enhancing physical exercise among healthy older adults while exploring the role of psychological variables, including mood, self-efficacy, and motivation. The results of the study show that technology-enhanced physical activity interventions hold great promise but call attention to the need for a comprehensive understanding of psychological dynamics that will pave the way for more tailored and effective interventions. Future research endeavors should aim to bridge these gaps in knowledge to optimize the impact of technology on healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chirico
- Department of Psychology Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Marco Avellone
- Department of Psychology Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Tommaso Palombi
- Department of Psychology Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Psychology Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Guido Alessandri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Filosa
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Jessica Pistella
- Department of Psychology Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Psychology Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Psychology Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
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Drazich BF, McPherson R, Gorman EF, Chan T, Teleb J, Galik E, Resnick B. In too deep? A systematic literature review of fully-immersive virtual reality and cybersickness among older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:3906-3915. [PMID: 37560978 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual reality technology holds great promise in improving the health and well-being of older adults; however, this technology is associated with potential risks that may outweigh the benefits. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize and critique the existing literature on fully-immersive virtual reality interventions for older adults and the associated risk of cybersickness. METHODS We searched eight databases for studies that utilized fully-immersive virtual reality, stated the population as older adults, provided outcomes related to cybersickness, and were written or translated into the English language. Our search generated 332 articles, 39 of which were selected for inclusion in this systematic synthesis and appraisal. RESULTS We found that the majority of studies utilized a one-time session. The studies generally had weak sample generalizability and methodological design, but strong data collection and participant retention. The studies nearly all used the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire to measure cybersickness, but the scoring for the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire varied or was not mentioned. Most included studies reported only minor cybersickness among older adult participants. CONCLUSION Researchers might conclude that the benefits of virtual reality interventions outweigh the risk of cybersickness in this population. Going forward, researchers should concentrate on the efficacy of virtual reality interventions among older adults, using larger samples and randomized controlled study design, along with measuring dosage effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany F Drazich
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel McPherson
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily F Gorman
- Health Sciences and Human Services Library, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Chan
- Health Equity Research and Education Center & Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Jejomar Teleb
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Galik
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara Resnick
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Kim H, Kim G, Kim Y, Ha J. The Effects of ICT-Based Interventions on Physical Mobility of Older Adults: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:5779711. [PMID: 38020536 PMCID: PMC10656205 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5779711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted to integrate and analyze intervention studies dealing with the effects of information and communications technology- (ICT-) based interventions on the physical mobility of older adults in the community. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched for studies published from January 2000 to December 2022. We used the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool to evaluate the quality of the randomized controlled studies in the systematic review. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The model was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for both effect measures. I2 tests were used to measure the presence of heterogeneity. Thirty-seven randomized controlled trials were included (2,419 intervention participants), of which 23 were included in the meta-analysis. ICT interventions significantly improved Timed Up and Go (TUG) as a marker of physical mobility variable in older adults (SMD = -0.33, 95% CI: -0.57 to -0.10, p=0.005, I2 = 74.7%). A sensitivity analysis was performed on subgroups, and interventions were found to be effective in improving TUG in the exergame group (SMD = -0.40, 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.08, p < 0.001, I2 = 75.0%) and in the exergame with virtual reality (VR) group (SMD = -0.33, 95% CI: -1.01 to 0.35, p < 0.001, I2 = 91.0%) but both groups showed high heterogeneity. A meta-analysis was also performed on Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) but statistically significant results were not found (SMD = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.61 to 0.23, p=0.375, I2 = 87.7%). For the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the post-intervention scores were significantly better than baseline (SMD = 1.52, 95% CI: 0.48 to 2.57, p=0.004, I2 = 93.5%). However, the number of studies included in the meta-analysis was small and heterogeneity was high, so follow-up studies are needed. This study confirmed that exergames, telecommunication, e-health, information applications, and robots were used as effective ICT-based interventions for improving the physical mobility of older adults. It is necessary to develop and apply more diverse ICT-based interventions that will prevent impairments of mobility and encourage older adults to live more independently, with a higher quality of life, based on extensive research on ICT-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyori Kim
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahye Kim
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonghun Kim
- Robotics Lab, Hyundai Motor Company, Uiwang 16082, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ha
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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10
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Drazich BF, Anokye D, Zhu S, Teleb J, Galik E, Colloca L, Resnick B. Motivating older adults through immersive virtual exercise (MOTIVE): A randomized pilot study. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 54:229-236. [PMID: 37844539 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to: 1) determine the feasibility of a virtual reality physical activity intervention among older adults and 2) test the preliminary effectiveness of the intervention at increasing physical activity and 3) decreasing depressive symptoms. METHODS We included 10 older adults randomized into the Motivating Older Adults Through Immersive Virtual Exercise (MOTIVE) intervention group and 10 randomized into the physical activity education only control group. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and linear mixed models, testing the interaction of time and the treatment condition. RESULTS Participants in the intervention group attended an average of 15 out of the 16 sessions. A total of 90% of MOTIVE intervention group participants "completely agreed" that the intervention was acceptable, (compared to 30% of education control group participants). CONCLUSION This study supports testing the effectiveness of the intervention at improving physical activity and depressive symptoms in a larger sample of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany F Drazich
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, 655 W Lombard St. Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Debora Anokye
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, 655 W Lombard St. Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Shijun Zhu
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, 655 W Lombard St. Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jejomar Teleb
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, 655 W Lombard St. Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Elizabeth Galik
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, 655 W Lombard St. Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Luana Colloca
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, 655 W Lombard St. Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Barbara Resnick
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, 655 W Lombard St. Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Vasodi E, Saatchian V, Dehghan Ghahfarokhi A. Virtual reality-based exercise interventions on quality of life, some balance factors and depression in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 53:227-239. [PMID: 37598426 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of virtual reality-based exercise on the quality of life, some balance variables, and depression among older adults aged 60 years or older. METHOD We systematically searched five electronic databases. RESULTS Twenty-seven articles met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed that exercise using virtual reality had a significant positive effect on overall quality of life (p = 0.05), mental (p = 0.001) and physical component scores (p = 0.01), social relation (p = 0.0002), psychological health(p = 0.01), physical health(p = 0.04), and environmental health (p = 0.04). Additionally, depression significantly improved following virtual reality-based exercise (p = 0.01). However, there were significant improvements in the balance berg scale (p<0.00001) and ABC scale (p<0.00001) but not in timed-up-and-go(TUG) or 8-foot-up-and-go(8-FUG). DISCUSSION Virtual reality-based exercise has a positive impact on various aspects of quality of life, BBS and ABC scores, and depression. More studies with larger sample sizes and less heterogeneity in design and assessments are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Vasodi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Vahid Saatchian
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Imam Reza international University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amin Dehghan Ghahfarokhi
- Sport Management Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Doré B, Gaudreault A, Everard G, Ayena JC, Abboud A, Robitaille N, Batcho CS. Acceptability, Feasibility, and Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Technologies to Promote Exercise in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2506. [PMID: 36904709 PMCID: PMC10007244 DOI: 10.3390/s23052506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT This review aimed to synthesize the literature on the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of immersive virtual technologies to promote physical exercise in older people. METHOD We performed a literature review, based on four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus; last search: 30 January 2023). Eligible studies had to use immersive technology with participants aged 60 years and over. The results regarding acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of immersive technology-based interventions in older people were extracted. The standardized mean differences were then computed using a random model effect. RESULTS In total, 54 relevant studies (1853 participants) were identified through search strategies. Concerning the acceptability, most participants reported a pleasant experience and a desire to use the technology again. The average increase in the pre/post Simulator Sickness Questionnaire score was 0.43 in healthy subjects and 3.23 in subjects with neurological disorders, demonstrating this technology's feasibility. Regarding the effectiveness, our meta-analysis showed a positive effect of the use of virtual reality technology on balance (SMD = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.75-1.36; p < 0.001) and gait outcomes (SMD = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.14-0.80; p < 0.001). However, these results suffered from inconsistency and the number of trials dealing with these outcomes remains low, calling for further studies. CONCLUSIONS Virtual reality seems to be well accepted by older people and its use with this population is feasible. However, more studies are needed to conclude its effectiveness in promoting exercise in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Doré
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alex Gaudreault
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gauthier Everard
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
| | - Johannes C. Ayena
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
| | - Ahmad Abboud
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
| | | | - Charles Sebiyo Batcho
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
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