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Raimondi G, Balsamo M, Carlucci L, Alivernini F, Lucidi F, Samela T, Innamorati M. Meta-analysis of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and its short forms: A two-part study. J Clin Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38630901 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is the most used self-report questionnaire to assess deficits in emotion regulation (ER), composed of 6 dimensions and 36 items. Many studies have evaluated its factor structure, not always confirming the original results, and proposed different factor models. A possible way to try to identify the dimensionality of the DERS could be through a meta-analysis with structural equation models (MASEM) of its factor structure. The MASEM indicated that a six-factor model with 32 items (DERS-32) was the most suitable to represent the dimensionality of the DERS (χ2 = 2095.96, df = 449, p < .001; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.024, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.023-0.025; comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.97; Tucker Lewis index [TLI] = 0.96; standardized root mean squared residual [SRMR] = 0.04). This result was also confirmed by a confirmatory factor analysis (χ2 = 3229.67, df = 449, p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.075, 95% CI: 0.073-0.078; CFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.93; SRMR = 0.05) on a new sample (1092 participants; mean age: 28.28, SD = 5.82 years) recruited from the Italian population. Analyses and results from this sample are reported in the second study of this work. The DERS-32 showed satisfactory internal consistency (i.e., ordinal α, Molenaar Sijtsma statistic, and latent class reliability coefficient) for all its dimensions and correctly categorized individuals with probable borderline symptomatology. In conclusion, the DERS-32 has demonstrated to be the best model for the DERS among all the others considered in this work, as well as a reliable tool to assess deficits in ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Raimondi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Balsamo
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Leonardo Carlucci
- Department of Humanities, Letters, Cultural Heritage and Educational Studies, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tonia Samela
- Clinical Psychology Unit, IDI IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Innamorati
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Filosa L, Sommovigo V, Tavolucci S, Rosa V, Alivernini F, Baiocco R, Borghi A, Chirico A, Fini C, Palombi T, Pistella J, Lucidi F, Alessandri G. Daily associations between global self-esteem and self-concept clarity and their relationships with subjective well-being in a sample of adult workers. J Pers 2024. [PMID: 38606894 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present pre-registered study examined the reciprocal day-to-day associations between global self-esteem and self-concept clarity and their incremental validity with respect to daily life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. METHODS We used intensive longitudinal data from 153 adult workers (45.1% women), over a period of 31 days. Data were analyzed using dynamic structural equation modeling. RESULTS Results attested higher global self-esteem and self-concept clarity mean levels for older vs. younger participants, and lower global self-esteem and self-concept clarity variability for older vs. younger participants. Furthermore, global self-esteem and self-concept clarity were correlated at a cross-sectional daily level, yet only self-concept clarity states positively predicted subsequent global self-esteem states, while global self-esteem states did not predict subsequent self-concept clarity states. Daily global self-esteem and daily self-concept clarity further predicted subsequent daily higher life satisfaction and positive affect, respectively. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings shed light on the short-term relationships linking global self-esteem and self-concept clarity, pointing to their discriminant validity in predicting individuals' subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Filosa
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simone Tavolucci
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rosa
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Borghi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fini
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Palombi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Pistella
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Alessandri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Caggianelli G, Alivernini F, Chirico A, Iovino P, Lucidi F, Uchmanowicz I, Rasero L, Alvaro R, Vellone E. The relationship between caregiver contribution to self-care and patient quality of life in heart failure: A longitudinal mediation analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300101. [PMID: 38470867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with heart failure may experience poor quality of life due to a variety of physical and psychological symptoms. Quality of life can improve if patients adhere to consistent self-care behaviors. Patient outcomes (i.e., quality of life) are thought to improve as a result of caregiver contribution to self-care. However, uncertainty exists on whether these outcomes improve as a direct result of caregiver contribution to self-care or whether this improvement occurs indirectly through the improvement of patient heart failure self-care behaviors. AIMS To investigate the influence of caregiver contribution to self-care on quality of life of heart failure people and explore whether patient self-care behaviors mediate such a relationship. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of the MOTIVATE-HF randomized controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT02894502). Data were collected at baseline and 3 months. An autoregressive longitudinal path analysis model was conducted to test our hypotheses. RESULTS We enrolled a sample of 510 caregivers [mean age = 54 (±15.44), 24% males)] and 510 patients [mean age = 72.4 (±12.28), 58% males)]. Patient self-care had a significant and direct effect on quality of life at three months (β = 0.20, p < .01). Caregiver contribution to self-care showed a significant direct effect on patient self-care (β = 0.32, p < .01), and an indirect effect on patient quality of life through the mediation of patient self-care (β = 0.07, p < .001). CONCLUSION Patient quality of life is influenced by self-care both directly and indirectly, through the mediation of caregiver contribution to self-care. These findings improve our understanding on how caregiver contribution to self-care improves patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization processes, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization processes, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Iovino
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization processes, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Izabella Uchmanowicz
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Laura Rasero
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosaria Alvaro
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ercole Vellone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Chirico A, Avellone M, Palombi T, Alivernini F, Alessandri G, Filosa L, Pistella J, Baiocco R, Lucidi F. Exploring the Psychological Nexus of Virtual and Augmented Reality on Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Rapid Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 14:31. [PMID: 38247683 PMCID: PMC10813312 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
With the global population of older adults projected to double to 2.1 billion by 2050, it becomes crucial to promote healthy aging to alleviate the associated disease burden. In this context, technology, particularly virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), has garnered attention for its potential to augment physical activity in older adults. These immersive technologies offer interactive and enjoyable exercise experiences, making physical activity more appealing. However, the effectiveness of these interventions is not solely attributed to technology itself but is deeply intertwined with psychological processes. This rapid review examines the effectiveness of VR and AR interventions in enhancing physical exercise among healthy older adults while exploring the role of psychological variables, including mood, self-efficacy, and motivation. The results of the study show that technology-enhanced physical activity interventions hold great promise but call attention to the need for a comprehensive understanding of psychological dynamics that will pave the way for more tailored and effective interventions. Future research endeavors should aim to bridge these gaps in knowledge to optimize the impact of technology on healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chirico
- Department of Psychology Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Marco Avellone
- Department of Psychology Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Tommaso Palombi
- Department of Psychology Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Psychology Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Guido Alessandri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Filosa
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Jessica Pistella
- Department of Psychology Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Psychology Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Psychology Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
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Galli F, Chirico A, Codella R, Zandonai T, Deplano V, De Maria A, Palombi T, Gotti D, Alivernini F, Mallia L, Zelli A, Lucidi F. "I Am on Top!": An Interactive Intervention Program to Promote Self-Regulation Processes in the Prevention of the Use of Doping in Sports High Schools. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2630-2641. [PMID: 37998073 PMCID: PMC10670151 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of substances to improve sports performance is a widespread phenomenon among adolescents. Several anti-doping programs have been developed, mainly based on knowledge-based evidence. The main aim of the present study was to implement an anti-doping intervention in sports high school students, based on a psychological framework, such as Socio-Cognitive Theory, through the development of a Serious Game (SG), i.e., digital learning based on the game. The experimental design included an intervention group (n = 167; F = 37.7%; Meanage = 17.5 years; SD = 0.58) and a control group (n = 112; F = 42%; Meanage = 17.6; SD = 1). Both of the groups completed the same questionnaire on two different occasions (i.e., time 1 and time 2) for measuring doping intention, self-regulatory efficacy to resist social pressure for the use of substances, moral disengagement, and doping knowledge. Data were analyzed through repeated measures of Group X Time ANOVA, demonstrating some degree of efficacy of the intervention, in particular in terms of the decrease in doping intention and the strengthening of doping knowledge. Moreover, the study demonstrated that the score obtained during the implementation of the SG could partially represent a coherent measure of the participants' beliefs regarding doping. These results could be considered a starting point for future research to better develop technological anti-doping interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Galli
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (A.D.M.); (L.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (T.Z.); (V.D.); (T.P.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Thomas Zandonai
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (T.Z.); (V.D.); (T.P.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Vindice Deplano
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (T.Z.); (V.D.); (T.P.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Alessandra De Maria
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (A.D.M.); (L.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Tommaso Palombi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (T.Z.); (V.D.); (T.P.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Daniel Gotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (T.Z.); (V.D.); (T.P.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Luca Mallia
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (A.D.M.); (L.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Arnaldo Zelli
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (A.D.M.); (L.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (T.Z.); (V.D.); (T.P.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
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Codella R, Lucidi F, Alivernini F, Palombi T, Glad B, Gracia J, Gotti D, La Torre A, Chirico A. "I RUN CLEAN Project"-An Innovative and Self-Sustainable Approach to Develop Clean Sport Behaviours in Grassroots Athletes. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2561-2573. [PMID: 37998068 PMCID: PMC10670097 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of doping is a public health issue that poses threats to sport and society. In recent decades, the emphasis on efforts to address the issue and reduce the incidence of doping by young people in sport has shifted from deterrence through testing and punishment to the promotion of clean sport behaviours through values-based education. The "I Run Clean project" sought to develop new and effective tools targeting grassroots athletes and those around them (coaches, medical support personnel, sport leaders, parents). These included sport-specific e-learning and in-person peer-to-peer workshops led by trained volunteer ambassadors. The aim of all "I Run Clean" measures is to go beyond the warnings and provision of factual information about early anti-doping campaigns to a more holistic educational approach that focuses participants on their personal and sport-related values in order to encourage good decision-making and resistance to doping-related behaviours. This study evaluates the efficacy of the peer-to-peer workshops and their impact on selected psycho-social variables. The collaboration of the volunteer ambassadors is shown to effectively transmit the desired reasoning, reduce doping risk factors and enhance protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (D.G.); (A.L.T.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (F.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (F.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Tommaso Palombi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (F.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Bill Glad
- Agency for the Development of Athletics in Europe, 75013 Paris, France; (B.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Jean Gracia
- Agency for the Development of Athletics in Europe, 75013 Paris, France; (B.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Daniel Gotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (D.G.); (A.L.T.)
| | - Antonio La Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (D.G.); (A.L.T.)
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (F.A.); (T.P.)
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Palombi T, Lucidi F, Chirico A, Alessandri G, Filosa L, Tavolucci S, Borghi AM, Fini C, Cavicchiolo E, Pistella J, Baiocco R, Alivernini F. Is the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire a Valid Measure in Older People? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2707. [PMID: 37893781 PMCID: PMC10606683 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widely recognized benefits of physical activity for preventing physical and cognitive decline during aging, global estimates indicate that most older adults do not achieve the recommended amount of physical activity due to a lack of motivation. The current research examined the validity and psychometric properties of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) among older adults. Based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the BREQ-3 stands out as one of the most extensively utilized tools among exercise motivation studies. METHODS A sample of older adults (N = 383; M age = 73.2 years, SD age = 7.2) completed the BREQ-3 and the Godin-Shepard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GSLTPAQ). RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the six-factor structure postulated by SDT, showing good fit indices (CFI= 0.95; RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.04) and supporting the full measurement invariance of the scale across sex and age groups (65 to 74 years; over 75 years). The construct and criterion validity of the BREQ-3 was upheld through the latent correlations between its subscales and their correlations with the GSLTPAQ. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time the effectiveness of the BREQ-3 in assessing all forms of behavioral regulation proposed by SDT in older adults, suggesting that older adults similarly interpreted the items across sex and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Palombi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.C.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.C.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.C.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Guido Alessandri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.); (S.T.)
| | - Lorenzo Filosa
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.); (S.T.)
| | - Simone Tavolucci
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.); (S.T.)
| | - Anna M. Borghi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.B.); (C.F.)
| | - Chiara Fini
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.B.); (C.F.)
| | - Elisa Cavicchiolo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jessica Pistella
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.C.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.C.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.C.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.A.)
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Palombi T, Galli F, Giancamilli F, D'Amico M, Alivernini F, Gallo L, Neroni P, Predazzi M, De Pietro G, Lucidi F, Giordano A, Chirico A. The role of sense of presence in expressing cognitive abilities in a virtual reality task: an initial validation study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13396. [PMID: 37591908 PMCID: PMC10435488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a raised interest in literature to use Virtual Reality (VR) technology as an assessment tool for cognitive domains. One of the essential advantages of transforming tests in an immersive virtual environment is the possibility of automatically calculating the test's score, a time-consuming process under natural conditions. Although the characteristics of VR can deliver different degrees of immersion in a virtual environment, the sense of presence could jeopardize the evolution of these practices. The sense of presence results from a complex interaction between human, contextual factors, and the VR environment. The present study has two aims: firstly, it contributes to the validation of a virtual version of the naturalistic action test (i.e., virtual reality action test); second, it aims to evaluate the role of sense of presence as a critical booster of the expression of cognitive abilities during virtual reality tasks. The study relies on healthy adults tested in virtual and real conditions in a cross-over research design. The study's results support the validity of the virtual reality action test. Furthermore, two structural equation models are tested to comprehend the role of sense of presence as a moderator in the relationship between cognitive abilities and virtual task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Palombi
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Processes, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Galli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome, Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Giancamilli
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Processes, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica D'Amico
- Department of Clinical Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Processes, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Gallo
- Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Neroni
- Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe De Pietro
- Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Processes, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Processes, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Albarello F, Manganelli S, Cavicchiolo E, Lucidi F, Chirico A, Alivernini F. Addressing Adolescents' Prejudice toward Immigrants: The Role of the Classroom Context. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:951-966. [PMID: 36581777 PMCID: PMC9799707 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
According to social learning theory, classrooms are essential socialization contexts for intergroup attitudes, but analyses of contextual factors net of the impact of individual variables affecting prejudice toward immigrants are very limited. This study was conducted on a large sample of Italian adolescents (N = 2904; Mage = 13.70; females = 48.5%; 168 classrooms). It examined the role of classroom contextual factors affecting adolescents' prejudice toward immigrants, relying on the combination of groups' warmth and competence, and their antecedents (i.e., competition and status). Multilevel structural equation analyses revealed that classroom contextual factors (i.e., classroom socio-economic status-SES; classroom open to discussion climate; classroom educational achievements) indirectly affected, at the class level, adolescents' perceived warmth and competence of immigrants through the mediating role of perceived competition (and status) of immigrants. These findings suggest that interventions targeting the classroom context can help to hinder prejudice in adolescence at the class level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Albarello
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Manganelli
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisa Cavicchiolo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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10
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Alivernini F, Manganelli S, Lucidi F, Cavicchiolo E. Understanding and supporting the motivation of students from low-income families. Contemporary Educational Psychology 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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11
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Passarello N, Liparoti M, Padulo C, Sorrentino P, Alivernini F, Fairfield B, Lucidi F, Mandolesi L. Motor Imagery as a Key Factor for Healthy Ageing: A Review of New Insights and Techniques. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1492. [PMID: 36358418 PMCID: PMC9688582 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) describes a dynamic cognitive process where a movement is mentally simulated without taking place and holds potential as a means of stimulating motor learning and regaining motor skills. There is growing evidence that imagined and executed actions have common neural circuitry. Since MI counteracts cognitive and motor decline, a growing interest in MI-based mental exercise for older individuals has emerged. Here we review the last decade's scientific literature on age-related changes in MI skills. Heterogeneity in the experimental protocols, as well as the use of populations with unrepresentative age, is making it challenging to draw unambiguous conclusions about MI skills preservation. Self-report and behavioural tasks have shown that some MI components are preserved, while others are impaired. Evidence from neuroimaging studies revealed that, during MI tasks, older individuals hyperactivate their sensorimotor and attentional networks. Some studies have argued that this represents a compensatory mechanism, others claim that this is a sign of cognitive decline. However, further studies are needed to establish whether MI could be used as a promotion factor to improve cognitive functioning and well-being in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Passarello
- Department of Humanities, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Liparoti
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Padulo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Gabriele d’Annunzio University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institut de Neuroscience des Systemès, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Beth Fairfield
- Department of Humanities, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mandolesi
- Department of Humanities, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
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12
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Troisi Lopez E, Colonnello V, Liparoti M, Castaldi M, Alivernini F, Russo PM, Sorrentino G, Lucidi F, Mandolesi L, Sorrentino P. Brain network topology and personality traits: A source level magnetoencephalographic study. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:495-503. [PMID: 35674278 PMCID: PMC9796445 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Personality neuroscience is focusing on the correlation between individual differences and the efficiency of large-scale networks from the perspective of the brain as an interconnected network. A suitable technique to explore this relationship is the magnetoencephalography (MEG), but not many MEG studies are aimed at investigating topological properties correlated to personality traits. By using MEG, the present study aims to evaluate how individual differences described in Cloninger's psychobiological model are correlated with specific cerebral structures. Fifty healthy individuals (20 males, 30 females, mean age: 27.4 ± 4.8 years) underwent Temperament and Character Inventory examination and MEG recording during a resting state condition. High harm avoidance scores were associated with a reduced centrality of the left caudate nucleus and this negative correlation was maintained in females when we analyzed gender differences. Our data suggest that the caudate nucleus plays a key role in adaptive behavior and could be a critical node in insular salience network. The clear difference between males and females allows us to suggest that topological organization correlated to personality is highly dependent on gender. Our findings provide new insights to evaluate the mutual influences of topological and functional connectivity in neural communication efficiency and disruption as biomarkers of psychopathological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emahnuel Troisi Lopez
- Department of Motor Sciences and WellnessUniversity of Naples “Parthenope”NaplesItaly
| | - Valentina Colonnello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola‐MalpighiBolognaItaly
| | - Marianna Liparoti
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologyUniversity of Roma “Sapienza”RomeItaly
| | - Mauro Castaldi
- Institute for Diagnosis and Cure Hermitage CapodimonteNaplesItaly
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologyUniversity of Roma “Sapienza”RomeItaly
| | - Paolo Maria Russo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola‐MalpighiBolognaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Sorrentino
- Department of Motor Sciences and WellnessUniversity of Naples “Parthenope”NaplesItaly,Institute for Diagnosis and Cure Hermitage CapodimonteNaplesItaly
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologyUniversity of Roma “Sapienza”RomeItaly
| | - Laura Mandolesi
- Department of HumanitiesUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
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13
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Passarello N, Varini L, Liparoti M, Troisi Lopez E, Sorrentino P, Alivernini F, Gigliotta O, Lucidi F, Mandolesi L. Boosting effect of regular sport practice in young adults: Preliminary results on cognitive and emotional abilities. Front Psychol 2022; 13:957281. [PMID: 36248595 PMCID: PMC9555280 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that physical exercise (PE) improves behavior and cognitive functioning, reducing the risk of various neurological diseases, protecting the brain from the detrimental effects of aging, facilitating body recovery after injuries, and enhancing self-efficacy and self-esteem. Emotion processing and regulation abilities are also widely acknowledged to be key to success in sports. In this study, we aim to prove that regular participation in sports enhances cognitive and emotional functioning in healthy individuals. A sample of 60 students (mean age = 22.12; SD = 2.40; M = 30), divided into sportive and sedentary, were subjected to a neuropsychological tests battery to assess their overall cognitive abilities (Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices, APM), verbal and graphic fluency (Word Fluency Task and modified Five Point Test, m-FPT), as well as their emotional awareness skills (Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS-20). Our results showed that sportive students performed better than sedentary ones in all cognitive tasks. Regarding emotional processing abilities, significant differences were found in the TAS-20 total score as well as in the Difficulty Describing Feelings (DDF) subscale and the Difficulty Identifying Feeling (DIF) subscale. Lastly, gender differences were found in the External-Oriented Thinking (EOT) subscale. Overall, our findings evidence that PE has positive effects on cognitive functioning and emotion regulation, suggesting how sports practice can promote mental health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Passarello
- Department of Humanities, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Varini
- Department of Humanities, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Liparoti
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emahnuel Troisi Lopez
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institut de Neuroscience des Systemès, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Onofrio Gigliotta
- Department of Humanities, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mandolesi
- Department of Humanities, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura Mandolesi
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14
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Galli F, Chirico A, Mallia L, Alivernini F, Manganelli S, Zelli A, Hagger MS, Lucidi F. Identifying Determinants of Neuro-Enchancement Substance Use in Students. European Journal of Health Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Use of Neuro-Enhancement Substances (NES) such as prescription drugs, illicit drugs, or alcohol to improve cognition, prosocial behavior, and performance is increasing among students. Aims: The study applied a multi-theory, integrated theoretical model to identify motivational and social cognition determinants of NES use among students. Methods: A prospective longitudinal design was adopted with 306 high school (66.8% female; Mage = 17.31 years, SD = 0.93) and 692 university (70.5% female; Mage = 24.97 years, SD = 6.64) students. They completed measures of motivation, social cognition constructs, and planning with respect to studying behavior and NES use. Results: Well-fitting structural equation models indicated the pervasive influence of autonomous motivation, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control for studying, as well as of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control for NES use. Inclusion of past NES use increased explained variance in NES use and attenuated model effects, but the pattern of effects remained. Multi-group analyses indicated consistency in the pattern model effects across high school and university students. Limitations: The study findings might not be generalizable, as student samples were not randomly recruited. Furthermore, NES use only relied on self-report, and its assessment did not consider different NES substances. Finally, there was no assessment of implicit attitudes and habits toward studying and NES use. Conclusions: Findings extend prior literature by demonstrating the integrated guiding view that students’ motivation and beliefs about studying influence their beliefs about and use of NES. Furthermore, the findings provide starting points for interventions targeting the reduction in NES use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Galli
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Mallia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome, Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Manganelli
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Rome, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Zelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome, Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin S. Hagger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy
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15
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Abstract
Abstract. Background: In many countries, physical distancing is seen as one of the crucial preventive measures for limiting the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is likely to be very difficult to ensure that adolescents keep apart from one another since peer interactions are extremely significant for them. Aims: We examined the utility of the Theory of Planned Behavior enhanced with a construct of the Protection Motivation Theory for predicting physical distancing behavior among adolescents during the period following the national lockdown imposed in Italy to tackle the pandemic. Method: Measures of attitude, subjective norm, perceptions of behavioral control, perceptions of threat regarding personal health and the health of loved ones, and intention were administered to the participants ( N = 363) at baseline. Measures of physical distancing behavior were then administered 3 weeks later ( N = 350). Results: The tested structural equation model accounted for 77% of variance in intention and 25% of variance in behavior. Perceived behavioral control and attitude were important predictors of intention and behavior, while the data did not support the hypothesized impact of perceptions of threat. Limitation: Due to the observational nature of the data caution should be taken in drawing causal inferences. Conclusion: The results suggest that programs for increasing physical distancing behavior in adolescents by concentrating exclusively on risks to their health or that of their loved ones might prove to be ineffective. Instead, it seems likely that prevention campaigns targeting adolescents will be more successful if they focus on perceived behavioral control and attitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cavicchiolo
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sara Manganelli
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Girelli
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Developmental & Social Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Developmental & Social Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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16
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Galli F, Palombi T, Mallia L, Chirico A, Zandonai T, Alivernini F, De Maria A, Zelli A, Lucidi F. Promoting Media Literacy Online: An Intervention on Performance and Appearance Enhancement Substances with Sport High School Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18115596. [PMID: 34073845 PMCID: PMC8197259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus required adjustment regarding the delivery of interventions. Media literacy interventions are necessary to help people acquire relevant skills to navigate the complexities of media communications, and to encourage health-promoting behaviors. The present study aimed to promote a media literacy intervention regarding performance and appearance enhancement substances use in sports high school students. The COVID-19 contingency allowed us to evaluate whether online sessions can effectively promote greater awareness of media influence, a stronger sense of confidence in persuading others to deal with media messages, and healthier attitudes about PAES use among high school students. The study relied on an "intervention group" comprising 162 students (31.5% female) and a "control group" comprising 158 students (42% female). Data were analyzed through repeated measures of Group X Time MANOVA and ANOVA, demonstrating some degree of efficacy of the media literacy intervention. The "intervention group" reported higher awareness of potential newspapers' influence and a significant increase in their sense of confidence in dealing with media influence compared to the "control group". Findings support the efficacy of online media literacy programs to prevent doping consumption in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Galli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (A.D.M.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (A.C.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tommaso Palombi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (A.C.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Luca Mallia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (A.D.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (A.C.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Thomas Zandonai
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (A.C.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Alessandra De Maria
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (A.D.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Arnaldo Zelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (A.D.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (A.C.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
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17
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Ballesio A, Vacca M, Bacaro V, Benazzi A, De Bartolo P, Alivernini F, Lucidi F, Lombardo C, Baglioni C. Psychological correlates of insomnia in professional soccer players: An exploratory study. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:897-905. [PMID: 33599195 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1892197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep promotes health, well-being, recovery and athletic performance. As a consequence, sleep problems in athletes may have detrimental effects. Previous investigations showed that professional athletes often reported to suffer of poor sleep quality and insomnia (e.g. difficulties falling asleep and/or maintaining sleep). However, psychological variables exacerbating and maintaining insomnia in professional athletes as well as its mechanistic pathways are still largely unknown. Available literature mostly focused on effects of sport-related variables, such as evening training and stimulant consumption on athletes' sleep. Instead, the contribution of cognitive and emotional variables globally associated with insomnia in athletes in clinical models has been largely neglected. To address these limitations, this study explored the associations between emotional experience, pre-sleep arousal, pre-sleep worry and rumination and insomnia severity in a sample of 210 (25.93 ± 6.68 years) male professional soccer players. Bivariate correlations, multiple regression, and structural equation modelling with manifest variables (path analysis) were computed. Results showed that insomnia severity was associated with stimulants consumption, pre-sleep arousal, negative emotions, positive emotions, and pre-sleep worry/rumination (all p < .05). Path analysis showed that relationship between stimulant consumption, emotional experience, worry/rumination and insomnia was mediated by pre-sleep arousal (p < .05). Our results suggest that preventive and interventional studies in professional soccer players would benefit from considering global cognitive-emotional variables as targets of interventions.HighlightsInsomnia was associated with greater stimulants consumption, pre-sleep arousal, negative emotions, pre-sleep worry/rumination, and lower positive emotions.Path analysis showed that pre-sleep arousal mediated the relationship between stimulant consumption, emotional experience, worry/rumination and insomnia severity.Cognitive-emotional and behavioural factors as well as sport-related variables were important predictors of insomnia in professional soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome Guglielmo Marconi, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Bacaro
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome Guglielmo Marconi, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Benazzi
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome Guglielmo Marconi, Rome, Italy.,Associazione Italiana Calciatori, AIC, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Paola De Bartolo
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome Guglielmo Marconi, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Experimental Neurophysiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- INVALSI - Italian National Institute for the Educational Evaluation of Instruction and Training, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Baglioni
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome Guglielmo Marconi, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Lombardo C, Cerolini S, Alivernini F, Ballesio A, Violani C, Fernandes M, Lucidi F. Eating self-efficacy: validation of a new brief scale. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:295-303. [PMID: 32008174 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Eating self-efficacy (ESE) is the belief in one's ability to self-regulate eating. Social and emotional situations may be differently challenging depending on the individual eating habits, body mass index and affects. Several ESE scales have been developed but most of them focus on weight management, dieting or healthy eating. The aim of the study was to validate a new brief scale assessing ESE in situations in which people face social or emotional pressures for excessive food intake. METHODS Study 1: A sample of 412 volunteer females (age M = 25.44 ± 5.03) completed a first 25-item version of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted for selecting a subgroup of items composing the ESE brief scale (ESEBS). Study 2 assessed its psychometric properties through a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), analyzing the responses of 410 volunteer adults (273 females, 137 males). RESULTS EFA of Study 1 evidenced a bifactorial structure. Four items for each factor were selected, explaining 63% of the variance. Study 2 confirmed the good fit of the bifactorial model (CFI = 0.9589; χ2 (19) = 62.852, p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.075; SRMR = 0.040) and provided support for the measurement invariance of the scale across gender. The internal consistency was as follows: Social (α = 0.786), Emotional (α = 0.820). The concurrent validity of the subscales was demonstrated by significant latent negative correlations with measures of eating disorders and emotional eating. CONCLUSIONS The 8-items ESEBS appears as a valid and reliable instrument to assess eating self-efficacy related to social and emotional situations. Future studies should evaluate its potential use in non-clinical and clinical research and interventions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Cerolini
- Department of Development and Socialization Processes Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Development and Socialization Processes Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Violani
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariana Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Development and Socialization Processes Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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19
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Bianchi D, Cavicchiolo E, Lucidi F, Manganelli S, Girelli L, Chirico A, Alivernini F. School Dropout Intention and Self-esteem in Immigrant and Native Students Living in Poverty: The Protective Role of Peer Acceptance at School. School Mental Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-021-09410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe psychological well-being at school of immigrant students living in poverty is currently an understudied topic in developmental psychology. This is an important shortcoming because this population, which is rapidly increasing in many western countries, is in a double minority condition and has a greater risk of experiencing psychological distress at school, in comparison with their native peers. In order to improve our understanding on this issue, the present two-wave study investigated the prospective relationships between peer acceptance and two aspects of well-being at school—intention to drop out of school and negative self-esteem—specifically focusing on the differential effect of having (vs. not having) an immigrant background. The participants were 249 preadolescents and adolescents living in poverty (Mage = 12.76; SDage = 2.34; 41.8% girls; 19.3% immigrants) who were attending educational centres for disadvantaged minors. The poverty status of the participants was an inclusion criterion. A multilinear regression model with multigroup analysis was tested. As expected, the results showed that peer acceptance had a significant negative association with school dropout intentions and negative self-esteem only for immigrants, but not for natives. For immigrant students, the protective effect of peer acceptance was comparable to the stability over time of dropout intention and self-esteem, a result that has promising implications for prevention programs. The applied implications of the study for educational and clinical contexts are discussed.
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20
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Alivernini F, Manganelli S, Girelli L, Cozzolino M, Lucidi F, Cavicchiolo E. Physical Distancing Behavior: The Role of Emotions, Personality, Motivations, and Moral Decision-Making. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 46:15-26. [PMID: 33355343 PMCID: PMC7798981 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical distancing behavior (PDB) is a key disease prevention strategy for limiting the spread of COVID-19. In order to effectively encourage it among adolescents, it is necessary to understand the associated mental mechanisms. Health behavior theories suggest that emotions, personality, motivation, and moral disengagement could all play a role. On the basis of a longitudinal study, we investigated the importance of these factors in predicting PDB. METHODS The participants were 347 adolescents residing in Italy. Data were collected in four waves starting from 1 year before the pandemic. A structural equation model based on health behavior theory was tested. RESULTS After the COVID-19 national lockdown, adolescents experienced fewer positive emotions and more negative emotions compared with 1 year earlier. Nevertheless, these emotional changes, and adolescents' personality (except for openness to experiences), were not related to the adoption of PDB. Instead, the autonomous motivation of adolescents significantly predicted a higher likelihood to adopt PDB by increasing the intention to engage in this behavior and, more indirectly, by substantially decreasing moral disengagement, which was negatively related to PDB. In contrast, controlled motivation corresponded to significantly higher levels of moral disengagement and predicted less likelihood of adopting PDB. CONCLUSIONS Messages and interventions targeted at adolescents should be oriented towards supporting autonomy, emphasizing the personal and social value of PDB. Communications should avoid the use of coercive strategies based on eliciting emotions such as shame and guilt in adolescents who do not adopt PDB, which appear to trigger off mechanisms of moral disengagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Developmental & Social Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Sara Manganelli
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI)
| | - Laura Girelli
- Department of Human Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Department of Human Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Developmental & Social Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Elisa Cavicchiolo
- Department of Human Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno
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21
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Girelli L, Cavicchiolo E, Alivernini F, Manganelli S, Chirico A, Galli F, Cozzolino M, Lucidi F. Doping Use in High-School Students: Measuring Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Moral Disengagement Across Genders and Countries. Front Psychol 2020; 11:663. [PMID: 32411040 PMCID: PMC7198734 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this research was to test the factorial validity and measurement invariance across genders and countries of a set of instruments designed to assess high-school students’ attitudes, self-regulatory efficacy, and moral disengagement with regard to doping. A second aim was to examine the criterion and predictive validity of these scales. In total, 402 high-school students from Italy, Romania, and Turkey (40.0, 25.1, and 34.9%, respectively; M age 14.78 years old; SD = 1.04; 52.8% females) completed questionnaires measuring attitudes toward doping, self-regulatory efficacy in refraining from doping, doping-specific moral disengagement, and intention to use doping substances. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported our expectations with regard to the factor structure of the scales. Multigroup CFAs provided evidence for the full equivalence of the measures across males and females and partial equivalence of the measures across the three countries. The results of the latent mean comparison showed that male students had lower levels of self-regulatory efficacy than females and that Romanian and Turkish students had higher levels of moral disengagement and lower level of self-regulatory efficacy than Italian students. Finally, the results of a structural equation modeling supported the hypothesis that the proposed model predicted students’ intentions to use doping, thus generally confirming the criterion and the predictive validity of the measures. These findings suggested the validity of a set of instruments measuring attitudes toward doping, self-regulatory efficacy to refrain from doping, and doping-specific moral disengagement in high-school students from a cross-gender and a cross-cultural perspective and provided meaningful estimates of the differences in the three factors between males and females as well as between Italian, Romanian, and Turkish high-school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Girelli
- Department of Human, Philosophical, and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Elisa Cavicchiolo
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Manganelli
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Galli
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Department of Human, Philosophical, and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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22
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Cavicchiolo E, Manganelli S, Girelli L, Chirico A, Lucidi F, Alivernini F. Immigrant Children's Proficiency in the Host Country Language is More Important than Individual, Family and Peer Characteristics in Predicting Their Psychological Well-Being. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 22:1225-1231. [PMID: 32212007 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-00998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Immigrant children are exposed to high levels of psychological distress, leading to an increased risk of mental and physical health problems. In the present study we investigated the impact of first and second generation immigrant children's proficiency in the host country language on their psychological well-being one year later. The effects of gender, family SES, and classmates' characteristics were also examined. A structural equation model was tested on 2334 immigrant children in a representative sample of 561 Italian primary schools taking measurement errors into account. Children's language proficiency significantly predicted their psychological well-being one year later, both in first and second immigrant generations (B = .23; p < .001). None of the other variables had a significant impact. Improving the language skills of immigrant children could promote their mental health, regardless of their backgrounds and whether they were born in the host country or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cavicchiolo
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Via Ippolito Nievo 35, Rome, 00153, Italy
| | - Sara Manganelli
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Via Ippolito Nievo 35, Rome, 00153, Italy.
| | - Laura Girelli
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano (Salerno), 84084, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Via Ippolito Nievo 35, Rome, 00153, Italy
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23
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Chirico A, Maiorano P, Indovina P, Milanese C, Giordano GG, Alivernini F, Iodice G, Gallo L, De Pietro G, Lucidi F, Botti G, De Laurentiis M, Giordano A. Virtual reality and music therapy as distraction interventions to alleviate anxiety and improve mood states in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5353-5362. [PMID: 31957873 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Psychological distress is a common consequence of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment and could further exacerbate therapy side effects. Interventions increasing treatment tolerance are crucial to improve both patients' quality of life and adherence to therapies. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as an effective distraction tool for different medical procedures. Here, we assessed the efficacy of immersive and interactive VR in alleviating chemotherapy-related psychological distress in a cohort of Italian breast cancer patients, also comparing its effects with those of music therapy (MT). Thirty patients were included in the VR group, 30 in the MT group, and 34 in the control group, consisting of patients receiving standard care during chemotherapy. Our data suggest that both VR and MT are useful interventions for alleviating anxiety and for improving mood states in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy. Moreover, VR seems more effective than MT in relieving anxiety, depression, and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrizia Maiorano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Indovina
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking, National Research Council of Italy (ICAR-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Milanese
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovan Giacomo Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iodice
- Breast Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Gallo
- Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking, National Research Council of Italy (ICAR-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Pietro
- Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking, National Research Council of Italy (ICAR-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- Breast Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Alivernini F, Cavicchiolo E, Girelli L, Lucidi F, Biasi V, Leone L, Cozzolino M, Manganelli S. Relationships between sociocultural factors (gender, immigrant and socioeconomic background), peer relatedness and positive affect in adolescents. J Adolesc 2019; 76:99-108. [PMID: 31476690 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During adolescence, experiencing positive emotions at school is important for motivation as well as for academic success and psychological well-being. In the present study, on the basis of Self-Determination Theory (SDT), we investigated the relationships between sociocultural factors (gender, immigrant and socioeconomic background), peer relatedness (acceptance and friendship) and positive affect at school. METHODS Data was based on a random sample of 36,712 tenth grade Italian adolescents. Their average age was 15.6 years (SD = 0.77), 50.6% were males, while 6.1% were first-generation immigrants and 3.8% were second-generation immigrants. Firstly, comparing latent means, we established peer relatedness and positive affect profiles of adolescents with different sociocultural backgrounds. Subsequently, we tested a structural equation model, based on SDT, according to which the effects of sociocultural factors on experiencing positive affect at school are mediated by peer relatedness dimensions. RESULTS Latent mean comparisons showed that immigrant adolescents, students with a lower-SES and girls had fewer friendships with their classmates, lower levels of positive affect at school and were less accepted by their peers. A well-fitting structural equation model corroborated the mediating role of acceptance and friendship, which accounted for 16% of variance in positive affect. CONCLUSIONS Due to sociocultural factors, some groups of adolescents proved to be more at risk of being socially excluded and of experiencing less positive affect at school. Moreover, our findings support the claim of SDT that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, such as relatedness, is more important than sociocultural factors in determining adolescents' psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Via Ippolito Nievo, 35, 00153, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisa Cavicchiolo
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Via Ippolito Nievo, 35, 00153, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Girelli
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Biasi
- Department of Education, Roma Tre University, Via del Castro Pretorio, 20, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luigi Leone
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Sara Manganelli
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Via Ippolito Nievo, 35, 00153, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Pica G, Mallia L, Pierro A, Alivernini F, Borellini V, Lucidi F. How stressful is retirement! Antecedents of stress linked to athletes’ career termination. J Appl Soc Psychol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Pica
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes—Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Luca Mallia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Italico” Rome Italy
| | - Antonio Pierro
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes—Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System Rome Italy
| | - Valter Borellini
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes—Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes—Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
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26
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Alivernini F, Cavicchiolo E, Manganelli S. Brothers, ants or thieves: students’ complex attitudes towards immigrants and the role of socioeconomic status and gender in shaping them. Soc Psychol Educ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-019-09492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Lucidi F, Girelli L, Chirico A, Alivernini F, Cozzolino M, Violani C, Mallia L. Personality Traits and Attitudes Toward Traffic Safety Predict Risky Behavior Across Young, Adult, and Older Drivers. Front Psychol 2019; 10:536. [PMID: 30915011 PMCID: PMC6421299 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, several studies have investigated the role of personality traits and attitudes toward traffic safety in predicting driving behaviors in diverse types of drivers across several countries. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies so far have investigated the possible moderating role played by age in relation to predictors of accident risk. Answering this open question would provide information about the generalizability of the model across different subpopulations and would make possible the tailoring of the interventions to specific target groups. The study involved 1,286 drivers from three different age groups (young: n = 435; adult: n = 412; old: n = 439) which completed a questionnaire measuring drivers’ personality traits (i.e., anxiety, hostility, excitement seeking, altruism, normlessness), positive attitudes toward traffic safety, risky driving behaviors (i.e., errors, lapses, and traffic violations), accident involvement and number of traffic fines issued in the last 12 months. Multi-group Variance Based Structural Equation Modeling (VB-SEM) across the three age groups showed that the hypothesized model had a good fit with the data in all the three age groups. However, some pattern of relationships between the variables varied across the three groups, for example, if considering the direct effects of personality traits on risky driving behaviors, anxiety, altruism, and normlessness predicted violations only in young and adult drivers, whereas excitement seeking was associated with lapses only in young drivers; anxiety was a positive predictor of drivers’ errors, both in adult and older drivers, whereas excitement seeking predicted errors in adult and young drivers. On the other hand, attitudes significantly and negatively predicted violations and errors in all the three age groups, whereas they significantly and negatively predicted lapses only in young and older drivers. The results of the present study provided empirical basis to develop evidence-based road safety interventions differently tailored to the specific life’s stage of the drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Girelli
- Department of Human, Philosophical, and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Department of Human, Philosophical, and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Violani
- Department of Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Mallia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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28
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Lucidi F, Mallia L, Giannini AM, Sgalla R, Lazuras L, Chirico A, Alivernini F, Girelli L, Violani C. Riding the Adolescence: Personality Subtypes in Young Moped Riders and Their Association With Risky Driving Attitudes and Behaviors. Front Psychol 2019; 10:300. [PMID: 30833922 PMCID: PMC6387963 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify sub-types of moped riders based on a cluster analysis of specific personality characteristics (i.e., driving anger, anxiety, angry hostility, excitement-seeking, altruism, normlessness, and driving locus of control) within a large sample of Italian adolescents. The study had also the aim to compare the emerged sub-types of moped riders on measures of attitudes toward safe driving, risky driving behaviors (e.g., rule's violations and speeding, not using helmet, drinking and driving, etc.), and self-reported tickets and accident involvement. One thousand two hundred seventy-three Italian high school students aged from 13 to 19 years (meanage = 15.43, SD = 0.98) with a valid driving license for moped participated to the study. Results revealed three sub-types of moped riders (namely risky, worried and careful moped riders), which differ significantly for risky driving behaviors, attitudes toward traffic safety, risk perception, and self-reported accident involvement. Importantly, the results of the present study showed that the personality and behavioral characteristics of the three sub-groups of moped riders substantially resembled those identified by previous studies with vehicle drivers of different ages; thus, empirically supporting the notion that certain combinations of personality characteristics are associated with risk driving tendencies and behaviors in both young moped riders and car drivers. Safe driving interventions can tackle risky driving beliefs and behavioral tendencies in young moped riders and car drivers by tailoring their messages according to the personality sub-types of the target groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Mallia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Sgalla
- Department of Public Security, Ministry of Interior, Rome, Italy
| | - Lambros Lazuras
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Girelli
- Department of Human, Philosophical, and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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Alivernini F, Cavicchiolo E, Manganelli S, Chirico A, Lucidi F. Support for Autonomy at School Predicts Immigrant Adolescents' Psychological Well-being. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 21:761-766. [PMID: 30448930 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between teacher support at school intended to promote students' autonomy and immigrant adolescents' psychological well-being. A structural equation model was tested on 3130 immigrant adolescents who attended a representative sample of 654 Italian high schools. Gender, socioeconomic status, previous school achievement and immigrant generation were included in the analysis as control variables. Results showed that when teachers are perceived as adopting an approach that is supportive of autonomy, immigrant adolescents report significantly higher levels of psychological well-being. Gender appears to be the most relevant background factor, with girls being more at risk than boys as regards mental health. Overall, our findings suggest that interventions of enacted support by teachers at school that aim to foster students' autonomy would be an effective approach for protecting against mental illness in immigrant adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Via Ippolito Nievo, 35, 00153, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Cavicchiolo
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Via Ippolito Nievo, 35, 00153, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Manganelli
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Via Ippolito Nievo, 35, 00153, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
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30
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Chirico A, Fegatelli D, Galli F, Mallia L, Alivernini F, Cordone S, Giancamilli F, Pecci S, Tosi GM, Giordano A, Lucidi F, Massaro M. A study of quiet eye's phenomenon in the shooting section of "laser run" of modern pentathlon. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9247-9254. [PMID: 30444003 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the Quiet eye (QE) phenomenon on performances during the shooting section of "Laser Run" of Modern Pentathlon, in two samples of athletes (novices and experts). The "Laser Run" consists of running and shooting activities. The study involved 18 experienced athletes of the Italian National Team of Modern Pentathlon (i.e., "elite" group) and 18 young and nonexpert athletes of a local Pentathlon club (i.e., "novice" group). Participants performed, in ecological conditions, five trials of four series of shootings (as it occurs in the real competitions), for a total of 20 series. During the shooting trials, athletes wore a mobile Eye Tracking System to record eye movements (saccades, blinks, and fixations). Key measures of the study were QE parameters (QE Duration [QED], Relative QED [RQED], and QE Onset), as well as the performance (accuracy and time to perform the event). The results revealed that both groups of athletes had a longer QED, RQED, and an earlier onset during their best shots than during the worse ones. Furthermore, differences between the groups showed that elite athletes had an earlier onset and a shorter QED than the novice group of athletes. These results provide insightful information about different cognitive and perceptual processes involved in Modern Pentathlon's athletes' performances at both the elite and non-elite level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chirico
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, University "La Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dario Fegatelli
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, University "La Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Galli
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, University "La Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Mallia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Cordone
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, University "La Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Giancamilli
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, University "La Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pecci
- Italian Modern Penthatlon Federation, Sport Research Department
| | - Gian Marco Tosi
- Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Biotecnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, University "La Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mina Massaro
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Alivernini F, Manganelli S, Cavicchiolo E, Chirico A, Lucidi F. The Use of Self-Regulated Cognitive Strategies Across Students With Different Immigrant Backgrounds and Gender. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282918785072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive self-regulation is regarded as necessary for enhancing academic success and the possibility of lifelong learning. This study, based on 263,683 Italian 10th-grade students, examines the use of self-regulated cognitive strategies in immigrant and native students, as well as in boys and girls. Preliminarily, we examined the psychometric properties and measurement invariance across the groups of the short four-factor scale adopted. Immigrant students report less use of self-regulated cognitive strategies than natives and that this use diminishes from one generation of immigrants to the next. Also boys report lower levels of cognitive self-regulation than girls. On the whole, these findings indicate that male and immigrant students systematically use less self-regulated cognitive strategies in studying. Improvements in their cognitive self-regulation should therefore increase the chances of academic success in these groups of students, which tend to have lower performances at school across the industrialized countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Manganelli
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Cavicchiolo
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System, Rome, Italy
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Alivernini F, Manganelli S, Cavicchiolo E, Lucidi F. Measuring Bullying and Victimization Among Immigrant and Native Primary School Students: Evidence From Italy. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282917732890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Italy is a particularly interesting context in which to study the phenomenon of bullying given the steadily increasing number of immigrant students attending Italian primary schools. We examined the psychometric properties of a short self-report measure of bullying and victimization across groups of students with various migration backgrounds. We then estimated, by latent mean comparisons, the rates of prevalence of bullying and victimization among different generations of immigrants and native students. Results concerning the factor structure of the measure were consistent with studies in other cultural contexts and complete scalar measurement invariance was found across immigrant backgrounds. The analyses showed that both first- and second-generation immigrant pupils reported being victimized more frequently than their native peers. However, the incidence of victimization for second generations was lower than that for first generations. Finally, no differences across different generations of immigrants and native students were found in reported bullying behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Manganelli
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Cavicchiolo
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), Rome, Italy
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Lucidi F, Mallia L, Alivernini F, Chirico A, Manganelli S, Galli F, Biasi V, Zelli A. The Effectiveness of a New School-Based Media Literacy Intervention on Adolescents' Doping Attitudes and Supplements Use. Front Psychol 2017; 8:749. [PMID: 28536552 PMCID: PMC5422551 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a media literacy intervention targeting, for the first time, the specific topic of Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances (PAESs) use in high-school students. Overall, 389 students (52% male) aged between 13 and 19 years (mean = 16.56 year; SD = 1.26) participated to a media literacy intervention (i.e., “intervention group”) while 103 students aged between 14 and 19 year (mean = 16.10 year; SD = 1.38) were considered as the control group (i.e., “control group”). In two separate occasions over the course of six consecutive months, students in both groups filled out a set of questionnaires which included measures of social-cognitive beliefs (i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, intentions) and a self-reported measure of retrospective use of doping (Yes/No) and supplements (Yes/No). Compared to students in the control group (Mean(time1) = 1.96; SD(time1) = 0.85; and Mean(time2) = 2.09; SD(time2) = 0.94), intervention students on average expressed relatively stronger attitudes against doping use over time (Mean(time1) = 2.2; SD(time1) = 0.85; and Mean(time2) = 2.05; SD(time2) = 0.82). Students in the latter group also showed a statistically significant decrease in self-reported supplement use (Use(time1) = 6.7%; Use(time2) = 3.8%; p = 0.05, McNemar Test). Interestingly, albeit marginally significant, students in the control group showed a relative increment in the self-reported use of supplements over time (Use(time1) = 4.9%; Use(time2) = 8.7%; p = 0.22, McNemar Test). Overall, the media literacy intervention investigated in the present study was effective in decreasing adolescent student’s positive attitudes toward doping use and in reducing the use of legal PAES. These findings supported the generalizability and the usefulness of a media literacy approach in the specific field of PAES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Luca Mallia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico"Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education SystemRome, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Sara Manganelli
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education SystemRome, Italy
| | - Federica Galli
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Valeria Biasi
- Department of Education, Roma Tre UniversityRome, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Zelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico"Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between the school context, the leadership of the school principal, and a set of process variables related to teachers and the educational climate, which have been shown to mediate the effects of the principal’s leadership on schools and students. The authors examined the following research questions: does the school context influence the principal’s leadership? When the influences of the school context are controlled for, does the principal’s leadership influence the process variables related to teachers and educational climate?
Design/methodology/approach
The research questions are analysed in a multilevel context by developing two models regarding the hypothesized relationships between the study variables. With the use of multilevel structural equation modelling techniques the models were empirically tested on data from Italian teachers and students from a sample of schools in Italy. The database include 1,566 teachers from 47 schools of different types and levels from the Autonomous Province of Trento.
Findings
In those schools which have the highest leadership scores, the authors also find a greater degree of job satisfaction among the teachers, higher levels of self-efficacy of teachers, and a better educational climate, which is more respectful of the basic rules of coexistence existing within the school. An interesting additional element is that the positive relationship between the exercise of leadership and the process variables related to academic success is still present, even if the effects of the school context are controlled for.
Research limitations/implications
It should be observed that the results of this study, particularly due to the non-representative nature of the sample considered, should be considered as preliminary evidence that will require further confirmation, and which cannot be immediately generalized. The results obtained can be influenced by the specific territorial area in which this search has been conducted. The Autonomous Province of Trento, from the rest of Italy, is characterized by a highly centralized education system, with a relative homogeneity of the conditions of the context in which schools have achieved so widespread high levels of student learning.
Originality/value
When studying leadership it is important to consider the school context, particularly the role of the initial level of learning of the students, as this study shows that in schools where the prior knowledge of students is greater, teachers are generally more satisfied with their job and they report a better educational environment. If the influence of the context were not taken into account, this could easily be mistaken for that of the actions of the principal.
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Abstract
This study examines the factor structures of Personal and Classroom Achievement Goals and the relationships between them. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to examine data from a sample of 3,544 Italian 10th-grade students (184 classrooms) who completed the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales (PALS). Findings about the factor structure of personal goals were consistent with studies in other cultural contexts. The scales showed measurement invariance both across gender and across various immigrant backgrounds. Boys showed lower levels of mastery and higher levels of performance-approach than girls. Immigrant students scored higher than the native students on all Performance scales. At the group level, a measurement model including mastery and performance-approach goal structures showed good fit indices. In classrooms more oriented toward mastery, students’ personal goals tend to be in the same direction. Classroom performance-approach goal structures were related to performance-avoidance personal orientations but not to performance-approach personal orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Manganelli
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System, Rome, Italy
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Alivernini F, Manganelli S, Lucidi F. The last shall be the first: Competencies, equity and the power of resilience in the Italian school system. Learning and Individual Differences 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Alivernini F, Manganelli S. The classmates social isolation questionnaire (CSIQ): An initial validation. European Journal of Developmental Psychology 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2016.1152174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Manganelli S, Lucidi F, Alivernini F. Adolescents' expected civic participation: The role of civic knowledge and efficacy beliefs. J Adolesc 2014; 37:632-41. [PMID: 24931566 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manganelli
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology University of Rome 'La Sapienza', via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology University of Rome 'La Sapienza', via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), via Borromini, 5, Villa Falconieri, 00044 Frascati RM, Italy.
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Alivernini F, Manganelli S. Is there a relationship between openness in classroom discussion and students’ knowledge in civic and citizenship education? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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