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Janicijevic D, Muñoz-López S, Román Espinaco A, Gutiérrez-Cruz C. Dual-Task Cost Effects on Static Posture Control Parameters and Choice Reaction Time in Individuals With and Without Intellectual Disabilities. Motor Control 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39069287 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2023-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of age and intellectual disability (ID) on postural balance parameters, dual-task cost (DTC), and choice reaction time (CRT). Fifty-eight individuals with ID and 55 peers without ID performed a postural stance balance task under two conditions: a single task with eyes open and dual task involving an additional cognitive task (light sequence). Four postural balance parameters (total displacement, total sway area, mediolateral, and anteroposterior dispersion), cost of the dual task ([DTC%] = [(single-task performance - dual-task performance)/single-task performance] × 100), and CRT were recorded, calculated, and analyzed. All postural control parameters reflected poorerperformance during the dual-task condition, nevertheless, DTC was significantly higher only in individuals with ID and only for the total sway area, F(1, 111) = 5.039, p = .027, and mediolateral dispersion, F(1, 111) = 6.576, p = .012. CRT was longer in individuals with ID compared with the individuals without ID, F(1, 111) = 94.979, p ≤ .001, while age did not have a significant effect on the DTC nor on the CRT, F(1, 111) = 0.074, p = .786. In conclusion, an additional cognitive task during the postural balance task had a detrimental effect on various postural balance parameters, leading to increased DTC in terms of total sway area, mediolateral dispersion, and prolonged CRT in individuals with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Janicijevic
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Catolica de la Santísima Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Saray Muñoz-López
- Hermanas Hospitalarias, Fundación Purísima Concepción de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Gutiérrez-Cruz
- Hermanas Hospitalarias, Fundación Purísima Concepción de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research Group of Analysis of Human Movement (CTS-362), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Borzucka D, Kręcisz K, Kuczyński M. Ground reaction forces better than center of pressure differentiate postural control between young female volleyball players and untrained peers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5869. [PMID: 38467739 PMCID: PMC10928069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive explanation of the relationship between postural control and athletic performance requires compare body balance in athletes with their never training counterparts. To fill this gap in relation to volleyball, the aim of this study was to compare the balance of intermediate adolescent female players (VOL, n = 61) with inactive peers (CON, n = 57). The participants were investigated in normal quiet stance during 20 s trials on a Kistler force plate. The traditional spatial (amplitude and mean speed) and temporal (frequency and entropy) indices were computed for ground reaction forces (GRF) and center-of-pressure (COP) time-series. The spatial parameters of the both time-series did not discriminate the two groups. However, the temporal GRF parameters revealed much lower values in VOL than in CON (p < .0001). This leads to three important conclusions regarding posturography applications. First, GRF and COP provide different information regarding postural control. Second, measures based on GRF are more sensitive to changes in balance related to volleyball training and perhaps to similar training and sports activity regimens. And third, the indicators calculated based on these two time series can complement each other and thus enrich the insight into the relationship between balance and sports performance level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Borzucka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kręcisz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland.
| | - Michał Kuczyński
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
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Barzyk P, Gruber M. Motor learning in golf-a systematic review. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1324615. [PMID: 38419912 PMCID: PMC10899359 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1324615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Golf is a sport that consists of complex movement skills that need to be executed with utmost precision. Consequently, motor skill learning plays a crucial role in golf, and large numbers of studies address various methods of motor learning. In the present review, we give a systematic overview of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on motor learning of golf-specific motor skills. Three electronic databases were searched for RCTs looking at the effect of at least one learning method on performance in a golf-specific motor task. We grouped the studies depending on the learning strategies "cognitive training", "practice scheduling", "augmented feedback", "implicit and explicit learning" and "focus of attention". Fifty-two RCTs met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Superior methods within their respective strategies were an external focus of attention and increasing contextual interference, as well as errorless learning. For "cognitive training" and "augmented feedback", no single method can be considered the most favorable. The overall biggest limitations were the lack of statistical power for more than half of the RCTs, and the fact that most studies of the present review investigated simple putting tasks in novices only. Although we have shown superiority of specific learning methods, transferability of the recommendations that can be derived from simple golf tasks in novices to sport-specific tasks in advanced players still has to be demonstrated and require study designs with the intention to provide practical recommendations for coaches and athletes in the sport of golf.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Gruber
- Department of Sport Science, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
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Kong L, Zhang Z, Bao J, Zhu X, Tan Y, Xia X, Zhang Q, Hao Y. Influences of cognitive load on center of pressure trajectory of young male adults with excess weight during gait initiation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1297068. [PMID: 38249798 PMCID: PMC10796550 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1297068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Falls and fall-related injuries in young male adults with excess weight are closely related to an increased cognitive load. Previous research mainly focuses on analyzing the postural control status of these populations performing cognitive tasks while stabilized walking progress but overlooked a specific period of walking known as gait initiation (GI). It is yet unknown the influences of cognitive load on this population's postural control status during GI. Objective: This study aimed to determine the influences of cognitive load on the center of pressure (CoP) trajectory of young male adults with excess weight during GI. Design: A controlled laboratory study. Methods: Thirty-six male undergraduate students were recruited and divided into normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups based on their body mass index (BMI). Participants' CoP parameters during GI under single and dual-task conditions were collected by two force platforms. A mixed ANOVA was utilized to detect significant differences. Results: Compared with the normal-weight group, the obese group showed significant changes in the duration and CoP parameters during sub-phases of GI, mainly reflecting prolonged duration, increased CoP path length, higher mediolateral CoP displacement amplitude, and decreased velocity of anteroposterior CoP displacement. During GI with 1-back task, significantly increased mediolateral CoP displacement amplitude occurred in the obese group. During GI with 2-back task, the obese group had increased CoP path length, higher mediolateral CoP displacement amplitude, as well as a decreased velocity of CoP displacement. Conclusion: Based on the changes in CoP parameters during GI with cognitive tasks, young male adults with excess weight, mainly obese ones, have compromised postural stability. During GI with a difficult cognitive task, obese young male adults are more susceptible to deterioration in their lateral postural balance. These findings indicate that the increased cognitive load could exacerbate obese young male adults' postural control difficulty during GI under dual-task conditions, putting them at a higher risk of experiencing incidents of falls. Based on these findings, we offer suggestions for therapists to intervene with these young male adults to ensure their safety of GI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Kong
- School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Bao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Zhu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yong Tan
- School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xihao Xia
- Wuxi 9th People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Hao
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Azadjou H, Błażkiewicz M, Erwin A, Valero-Cuevas FJ. Dynamical Analyses Show That Professional Archers Exhibit Tighter, Finer and More Fluid Dynamical Control Than Neophytes. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1414. [PMID: 37895535 PMCID: PMC10606362 DOI: 10.3390/e25101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the dynamical features of discrete tasks is essential to understanding athletic performance for many sports that are not repetitive or cyclical. We compared three dynamical features of the (i) bow hand, (ii) drawing hand, and (iii) center of mass during a single bow-draw movement between professional and neophyte archers: dispersion (convex hull volume of their phase portraits), persistence (tendency to continue a trend as per Hurst exponents), and regularity (sample entropy). Although differences in the two groups are expected due to their differences in skill, our results demonstrate we can quantify these differences. The center of mass of professional athletes exhibits tighter movements compared to neophyte archers (6.3 < 11.2 convex hull volume), which are nevertheless less persistent (0.82 < 0.86 Hurst exponent) and less regular (0.035 > 0.025 sample entropy). In particular, the movements of the bow hand and center of mass differed more between groups in Hurst exponent analysis, and the drawing hand and center of mass were more different in sample entropy analysis. This suggests tighter neuromuscular control over the more fluid dynamics of the movement that exhibits more active corrections that are more individualized. Our work, therefore, provides proof of principle of how well-established dynamical analysis techniques can be used to quantify the nature and features of neuromuscular expertise for discrete movements in elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Azadjou
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (H.A.); (A.E.)
| | - Michalina Błażkiewicz
- AWF · Department of Physiotherapy, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Andrew Erwin
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (H.A.); (A.E.)
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Francisco J. Valero-Cuevas
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (H.A.); (A.E.)
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Nordbeck PC, Andrade V, Silva PL, Kuznetsov NA. DFA as a window into postural dynamics supporting task performance: does choice of step size matter? FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1233894. [PMID: 37609060 PMCID: PMC10440697 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1233894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) has been used to investigate self-similarity in center of pressure (CoP) time series. For fractional gaussian noise (fGn) signals, the analysis returns a scaling exponent, DFA-α, whose value characterizes the temporal correlations as persistent, random, or anti-persistent. In the study of postural control, DFA has revealed two time scaling regions, one at the short-term and one at the long-term scaling regions in the diffusion plots, suggesting different types of postural dynamics. Much attention has been given to the selection of minimum and maximum scales, but the choice of spacing (step size) between the window sizes at which the fluctuation function is evaluated may also affect the estimates of scaling exponents. The aim of this study is twofold. First, to determine whether DFA can reveal postural adjustments supporting performance of an upper limb task under variable demands. Second, to compare evenly-spaced DFA with two different step sizes, 0.5 and 1.0 in log2 units, applied to CoP time series. Methods: We analyzed time series of anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) CoP displacement from healthy participants performing a sequential upper limb task under variable demand. Results: DFA diffusion plots revealed two scaling regions in the AP and ML CoP time series. The short-term scaling region generally showed hyper-diffusive dynamics and long-term scaling revealed mildly persistent dynamics in the ML direction and random-like dynamics in the AP direction. There was a systematic tendency for higher estimates of DFA-α and lower estimates for crossover points for the 0.5-unit step size vs. 1.0-unit size. Discussion: Results provide evidence that DFA-α captures task-related differences between postural adjustments in the AP and ML directions. Results also showed that DFA-α estimates and crossover points are sensitive to step size. A step size of 0.5 led to less variable DFA-α for the long-term scaling region, higher estimation for the short-term scaling region, lower estimate for crossover points, and revealed anomalous estimates at the very short range that had implications for choice of minimum window size. We, therefore, recommend the use of 0.5 step size in evenly spaced DFAs for CoP time series similar to ours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valéria Andrade
- Center for Cognition, Action, and Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Paula L. Silva
- Center for Cognition, Action, and Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nikita A. Kuznetsov
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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