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Chan HL, Meng LF, Kao YA, Chang YJ, Chang HW, Chen SW, Wu CY. Myoelectric, Myo-Oxygenation, and Myotonometry Changes during Robot-Assisted Bilateral Arm Exercises with Varying Resistances. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1061. [PMID: 38400219 PMCID: PMC10892273 DOI: 10.3390/s24041061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Robot-assisted bilateral arm training has demonstrated its effectiveness in improving motor function in individuals post-stroke, showing significant enhancements with increased repetitions. However, prolonged training sessions may lead to both mental and muscle fatigue. We conducted two types of robot-assisted bimanual wrist exercises on 16 healthy adults, separated by one week: long-duration, low-resistance workouts and short-duration, high-resistance exercises. Various measures, including surface electromyograms, near-infrared spectroscopy, heart rate, and the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale, were employed to assess fatigue levels and the impacts of exercise intensity. High-resistance exercise resulted in a more pronounced decline in electromyogram median frequency and recruited a greater amount of hemoglobin, indicating increased muscle fatigue and a higher metabolic demand to cope with the intensified workload. Additionally, high-resistance exercise led to increased sympathetic activation and a greater sense of exertion. Conversely, engaging in low-resistance exercises proved beneficial for reducing post-exercise muscle stiffness and enhancing muscle elasticity. Choosing a low-resistance setting for robot-assisted wrist movements offers advantages by alleviating mental and physiological loads. The reduced training intensity can be further optimized by enabling extended exercise periods while maintaining an approximate dosage compared to high-resistance exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Lung Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (H.-L.C.); (Y.-A.K.); (H.-W.C.)
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Ling-Fu Meng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Yung-An Kao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (H.-L.C.); (Y.-A.K.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Ya-Ju Chang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (H.-L.C.); (Y.-A.K.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Szi-Wen Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Wu
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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Lin YP, Chen RS, Chen VCF, Liu CH, Chan HL, Chang YJ. Effects of Lower Limb Cycling Training on Different Components of Force and Fatigue in Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:829772. [PMID: 35309995 PMCID: PMC8924445 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.829772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength of lower extremity is important for individuals to maintain balance and ambulation functions. The previous studies showed that individuals with Parkinson’s disease suffered from fatigue and strength loss of central origin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lower extremities’ cycling training on different components of force and fatigue in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Twenty-four individuals (13 males, 11 females, mean age: 60.58 ± 8.21 years) diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease were randomized into training and control groups. The maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) force, voluntary activation level (VA), and twitch force of knee extensors were measured using a custom-made system with surface electrical stimulation. The general, central, and peripheral fatigue indexes (GFI, CFI, and PFI) were calculated after a fatiguing cycling protocol. Subjects received 8 weeks of low resistance cycling training (training group) or self-stretching (control group) programs. Results showed that MVC, VA, and twitch force improved (p < 0.05) only in the training group. Compared to the baseline, central fatigue significantly improved in the training group, whereas peripheral fatigue showed no significant difference in two groups. The cycling training was beneficial for individuals with Parkinson’s disease not only in muscle strengthening but also in central fatigue alleviation. Further in-depth investigation is required to confirm the effect of training and its mechanism on central fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Po Lin
- School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chun-Hsien Liu
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lung Chan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Chang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ya-Ju Chang,
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Hsu MJ, Chan HL, Huang YZ, Lin JH, Hsu HH, Chang YJ. Mechanism of Fatigue Induced by Different Cycling Paradigms With Equivalent Dosage. Front Physiol 2020; 11:545. [PMID: 32547418 PMCID: PMC7273923 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leg cycling is one of the most common modes of exercise used in athletics and rehabilitation. This study used a novel cycling setting to elucidate the mechanisms, central vs. peripheral fatigue induced by different resistance with equivalent works (watt∗min). Twelve male adults received low and relatively high resistance cycling fatigue tests until exhausted (RPE > 18) in 2 weeks. The maximal voluntary contraction, voluntary activation level, and twitch forces were measured immediately before and after cycling to calculate General (GFI), central (CFI), and peripheral (PFI) fatigue indices of knee extensors, respectively. The results showed that the CFI (high: 92.26 ± 8.67%, low: 78.32 ± 11.77%, p = 0.004) and PFI (high: 73.76 ± 17.32%, low: 89.63 ± 11.01%, p < 0.017) were specific to the resistance of fatigue protocol. The GFI is influenced by the resistance of cycling to support the equivalent dosage. This study concluded that the mechanism of fatigue would be influenced by the resistance of fatigue protocol although the total works had been controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Ju Hsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lung Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Hong Lin
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Hsiang Hsu
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Chang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Combined heart rate variability and dynamic measures for quantitatively characterizing the cardiac stress status during cycling exercise. Comput Biol Med 2015; 63:133-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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A Cycling Movement Based System for Real-Time Muscle Fatigue and Cardiac Stress Monitoring and Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130798. [PMID: 26115515 PMCID: PMC4483163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we defined a new parameter, referred to as the cardiac stress index (CSI), using a nonlinear detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) of heart rate (HR). Our study aimed to incorporate the CSI into a cycling based fatigue monitoring system developed in our previous work so the muscle fatigue and cardiac stress can be both continuously and quantitatively assessed for subjects undergoing the cycling exercise. By collecting electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, the DFA scaling exponent α was evaluated on the RR time series extracted from a windowed ECG segment. We then obtained the running estimate of α by shifting a one-minute window by a step of 20 seconds so the CSI, defined as the percentage of all the less-than-one α values, can be synchronously updated every 20 seconds. Since the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale is considered as a convenient index which is commonly used to monitor subjective perceived exercise intensity, we then related the Borg RPE scale value to the CSI in order to investigate and quantitatively characterize the relationship between exercise-induced fatigue and cardiac stress. Twenty-two young healthy participants were recruited in our study. Each participant was asked to maintain a fixed pedaling speed at a constant load during the cycling exercise. Experimental results showed that a decrease in DFA scaling exponent α or an increase in CSI was observed during the exercise. In addition, the Borg RPE scale and CSI were positively correlated, suggesting that the factors due to cardiac stress might also contribute to fatigue state during physical exercise. Since the CSI can effectively quantify the cardiac stress status during physical exercise, our system may be used in sports medicine, or used by cardiologists who carried out stress tests for monitoring heart condition in patients with heart diseases.
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Chang YJ, Chou CC, Huang WT, Lu CS, Wong AM, Hsu MJ. Cycling Regimen Induces Spinal Circuitry Plasticity and Improves Leg Muscle Coordination in Individuals With Spinocerebellar Ataxia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 96:1006-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Increases of quadriceps inter-muscular cross-correlation and coherence during exhausting stepping exercise. SENSORS 2012; 12:16353-67. [PMID: 23443382 PMCID: PMC3571786 DOI: 10.3390/s121216353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the change of the intermuscular cross-correlation and coherence of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) during exhausting stepping exercise. Eleven healthy adults repeated the stepping exercise up to their individual endurance limits (RPE score reached 20), and the cross-correlation and coherence were assessed by surface electromyography (EMG) recordings. The coefficient and time lag of cross-correlation and the coherence areas in the alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (15–30 Hz), gamma (30–60 Hz) and high-gamma (60–150 Hz) bands among the three muscle pairs (RF-VM, RF-VL and VM-VL) were calculated. As muscle fatigue, RF-VM and VM-VL showed increases of coefficients and the shortening of time lags. RF-VM and RF-VL showed increases of beta-band coherence in the ascent and descent phases, respectively. The increased intermuscular cross-correlation and beta-band coherence may be a compensatory strategy for maintaining the coordination of knee synergistic muscles during fatigue due to the fatigue-related disturbance of the corticospinal transmission. Therefore, the intermuscular cross-correlation and beta-band coherence may be a potential index for assessing muscle fatigue and monitoring the central control of motor function during dynamic fatiguing exercise.
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Hsu MJ, Wei SH, Chang YJ. Effect of neuromuscular electrical muscle stimulation on energy expenditure in healthy adults. SENSORS 2011; 11:1932-42. [PMID: 22319390 PMCID: PMC3274051 DOI: 10.3390/s110201932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Weight loss/weight control is a major concern in prevention of cardiovascular disease and the realm of health promotion. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) at different intensities on energy expenditure (oxygen and calories) in healthy adults. The secondary aim was to develop a generalized linear regression (GEE) model to predict the increase of energy expenditure facilitated by NMES and identify factors (NMES stimulation intensity level, age, body mass index, weight, body fat percentage, waist/hip ratio, and gender) associated with this NMES-induced increase of energy expenditure. Forty sedentary healthy adults (18 males and 22 females) participated. NMES was given at the following stimulation intensities for 10 minutes each: sensory level (E1), motor threshold (E2), and maximal intensity comfortably tolerated (E3). Cardiopulmonary gas exchange was evaluated during rest, NMES, and recovery stage. The results revealed that NMES at E2 and E3 significantly increased energy expenditure and the energy expenditure at recovery stage was still significantly higher than baseline. The GEE model demonstrated that a linear dose-response relationship existed between the stimulation intensity and the increase of energy expenditure. No subject’s demographic or anthropometric characteristics tested were significantly associated with the increase of energy expenditure. This study suggested NMES may be used to serve as an additional intervention for weight loss programs. Future studies to develop electrical stimulators or stimulation electrodes to maximize the comfort of NMES are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Ju Hsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hwa Wei
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Ya-Ju Chang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800-5515; Fax: +886-3-2118421
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