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Bai H, Teng G, Zhang C, Yang J, Yang W, Tian F. Magnetic materials as adsorbents for the pre-concentration and separation of active ingredients from herbal medicine. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400274. [PMID: 39073301 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Herbal medicine (HM) is crucial in disease management and contains complex compounds with few active pharmacological ingredients, presenting challenges in quality control of raw materials and formulations. Effective separation, identification, and analysis of active components are vital for HM efficacy. Traditional methods like liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction are time-consuming and environmentally concerning, with limitations such as sorbent issues, pressure, and clogging. Magnetic solid-phase extraction uses magnetic sorbents for targeted analyte separation and enrichment, offering rapid, pressure-free separation. However, inorganic magnetic particles' aggregation and oxidation, as well as lack of selectivity, have led to the use of various coatings and modifications to enhance specificity and selectivity for complex herbal samples. This review delves into magnetic composites in HM pretreatment, specifically focusing on encapsulated or modified magnetic nanoparticles and materials like silica, ionic liquids, graphene family derivatives, carbon nanotubes, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and molecularly imprinted polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Fei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and ionic liquids (ILs) represent promising materials for adsorption separation. ILs incorporated into MOF materials (denoted as IL/MOF composites) have been developed, and IL/MOF composites combine the advantages of MOFs and ILs to achieve enhanced performance in the adsorption-based separation of fluid mixtures. The designed different ILs are introduced into the various MOFs to tailor their functional properties, which affect the optimal adsorptive separation performance. In this Perspective, the rational fabrication of IL/MOF composites is presented, and their functional properties are demonstrated. This paper provides a critical overview of an emergent class of materials termed IL/MOF composites as well as the recent advances in the applications of IL/MOF composites as adsorbents or membranes in fluid separation. Furthermore, the applications of IL/MOF in adsorptive gas separations (CO2 capture from flue gas, natural gas purification, separation of acetylene and ethylene, indoor pollutants removal) and liquid separations (separation of bioactive components, organic-contaminant removal, adsorptive desulfurization, radionuclide removal) are discussed. Finally, the existing challenges of IL/MOF are highlighted, and an appropriate design strategy direction for the effective exploration of new IL/MOF adsorptive materials is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Ruili Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Zhong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
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Treder N, Roszkowska A, Olędzka I, Bączek T, Plenis A. Effects of Fe 3O 4 Magnetic Nanoparticle Functionalization with Ionic Liquids and a Double-Chained Surfactant on the Pretreatment of Plasma Samples during Drug Extraction. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16587-16595. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Treder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107 Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107 Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ilona Olędzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107 Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107 Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107 Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
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Low-Frequency Broadband Absorbing Coatings Based on MOFs: Design, Fabrication, Microstructure and Properties. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12060766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although most microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) have good absorption ability above 8 GHz, they perform poorly in the low-frequency range (1–8 GHz). Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) derived carbon-based composites have been highly sought after in electromagnetic materials and functional devices, due to their high specific area, high porosity, high thermal stability, low reflection loss, and adjustable composition. In this review, we first introduce the three loss types of MAMs and argue that composite materials are effective ways to achieve broadband absorption. Secondly, the absorbing properties of traditional materials and MOF materials in the literature are compared, followed by a discussion of the promising strategies for designing MAMs with broadband absorption in low frequencies based on the recent progress. Finally, the main problems, fabrication methods, and applications are discussed for their future prospects.
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Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are non-molecular solvents; specifically, molten salts with low melting points, often below 100 °C and even below room temperature, thus allowing these solvents to remain liquid [...]
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Saien J, Kharazi M, Pino V, Pacheco-Fernández I. Trends offered by ionic liquid-based surfactants: Applications in stabilization, separation processes, and within the petroleum industry. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2052094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Saien
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mona Kharazi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Verónica Pino
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químico (MAT4LL), Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación de Bioanalítica y Medioambiente, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Idaira Pacheco-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químico (MAT4LL), Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación de Bioanalítica y Medioambiente, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
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Ionic liquid-based magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1201:339632. [PMID: 35300789 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to their highly tunable nature and outstanding physicochemical properties, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely reported for use in the synthesis of multitudinous magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). IL-based magnetic nanoparticles (IL-MNPs) have great potential in magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (MDSPE). At present, IL-MNPs have been successfully applied in the pretreatment of MDSPE samples from medicines, pesticides, veterinary drugs, heavy metals, dyes, additives, and proteins in agricultural products, foods and beverages, environmental water, and biological samples. In this review, the preparation of IL-MNPs and their application in MDSPE are comprehensively summarized. The structural characteristics of the introduced ILs used to prepare the IL-MNPs and the synthetic routes employed to obtain the IL-MNPs are described, including physical coating and chemical bonding methods. The IL-MNPs are then classified and described according to different modified materials, including silica-based materials, carbon-based materials, metal-organic frameworks, molecularly imprinted polymers and other interesting large/small molecules. Finally, the research prospects and development directions of IL-MNPs in the context of MDSPE are further identified.
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Cobalt (II)-Mediated Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as a Monolithic Stationary Phase for Separation of Racemic Citronellal by Liquid Chromatography. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:7891525. [PMID: 35264914 PMCID: PMC8901358 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7891525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A metal-mediated molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) monolithic column was prepared as the stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and applied to the enantiomeric separation of rac-citronellal. MMIP column was prepared through in situ copolymerizations with the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/[BMIM][BF4] as the primary pore-forming agent and cobalt(II) acetate as the metal pivot. Interactions between polymer components in the synthesized monolith were assessed by FTIR to identify the functional groups. The monolith morphology was characterized with SEM, and the template removal was detected by UV Spectrophotometry at 253 nm. In this study, (R)-(+)-citronellal was used as a template, whereas 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) was employed as the functional monomer with two monomer crosslinkers, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA). The ternary mixture of porogenic solvent consisted of [BMIM][BF4], dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with the applied ratio of 1 : 1:1 (v/v) and 10 : 1:5 (v/v) for the preparation of MMIP using TRIM and EDMA crosslinkers, respectively. Co(II) ion was added to the porogenic solvent before being mixed with the functional monomer and the crosslinker mixtures. Separating the rac-citronellal was achieved on the synthesized MMIP, showing better selectivity than the monolithic metal-mediated nonimprinted polymer (MNIP), nonimprinted polymer (NIP), and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP).
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Jiménez-Skrzypek G, Ortega-Zamora C, González-Sálamo J, Hernández-Borges J. Miniaturized green sample preparation approaches for pharmaceutical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114405. [PMID: 34653744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of green sample preparation procedures is an extremely important research field in which more and more applications are constantly being proposed in different areas, including pharmaceutical analysis. This review article is aimed at providing a general overview of the development of miniaturized green analytical sample preparation procedures in the pharmaceutical analysis field, with special focus on the works published between January 2017 and July 2021. Particular attention has been paid to the application of environmentally friendly solvents and sorbents as well as nanomaterials or high extraction capacity sorbents in which the solvent volumes and reagents amounts are drastically reduced, with their subsequent advantages from the sustainability point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Jiménez-Skrzypek
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España
| | - Cecilia Ortega-Zamora
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España
| | - Javier González-Sálamo
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España.
| | - Javier Hernández-Borges
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España.
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Mokhodoeva OB, Maksimova VV, Dzhenloda RK, Shkinev VM. Magnetic Nanoparticles Modified by Ionic Liquids in Environmental Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821060058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Ferrofluids (FFs) constitute a type of tunable magnetic material, formed by magnetic nanoparticles suspended in a liquid carrier. The astonishing magnetic properties of these materials and their liquid nature have led to their extended use in different applications, including fields such as magnetochemistry, optics, and biomedicine, among others. Recently, FFs have been incorporated as extractant materials in magnetic-driven analytical sample preparation procedures, thus, permitting the development of different applications. FF-based extraction takes advantage of both the magnetic susceptibility of the nanoparticles and the properties of the liquid carrier, which are responsible for a wide variety of interactions with analytes and ultimately are a key factor in achieving better extraction performance. This review article classifies existing FFs in terms of the solvent used as a carrier (organic solvents, water, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and supramolecular solvents) while overviewing the most relevant analytical applications in the last decade.
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Solid-Phase Extraction of Aristolochic Acid I from Natural Plant Using Dual Ionic Liquid-Immobilized ZIF-67 as Sorbent. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: ZIF-67 is one of the most intriguing metal–organic frameworks already applied in liquid adsorption. To increase its adsorption performance, dual ionic liquids were immobilized on ZIF-67 in this research; (2) Methods: The obtained sorbent was used to adsorb aristolochic acid I (AAI) in standard solutions. Then, the sorbent was applied in solid-phase extraction to remove AAI from Fibraurea Recisa Pierre extracted solution. (3) Results: By analyzing the adsorption models, the highest adsorption capacity of immobilized sorbent (50.9 mg/g) was obtained at 25 °C within 120 min. In the SPE process, 0.02 mg of AAI was removed per gram of herbal plant, the adequate recoveries were in the range of 96.2–100.0%, and RSDs were 3.5–4.0%; (4) Conclusions: The provided experimental data revealed that ZIF-67@EIM-MIM was an excellent potential sorbent to adsorb and remove AAI from herbal plant extract, and the successful separation indicated that this sorbent could be an ideal material for the pretreatment of herbal plants containing AAI.
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Gutiérrez-Serpa A, González-Martín R, Sajid M, Pino V. Greenness of magnetic nanomaterials in miniaturized extraction techniques: A review. Talanta 2020; 225:122053. [PMID: 33592775 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Green analytical chemistry principles should be followed, as much as possible, and particularly during the development of analytical sample preparation methods. In the past few years, outstanding materials such as ionic liquids, metal-organic frameworks, carbonaceous materials, molecularly imprinted materials, and many others, have been introduced in a wide variety of miniaturized techniques in order to reduce the amount of solvents and sorbents required during the analytical sample preparation step while pursuing more efficient extraction methods. Among them, magnetic nanomaterials (MNMs) have gained special attention due to their versatile properties. Mainly, their ability to be separated from the sample matrix using an external magnetic field (thus enormously simplifying the entire process) and their easy combination with other materials, which implies the inclusion of a countless number of different functionalities, highly specific in some cases. Therefore, MNMs can be used as sorbents or as magnetic support for other materials which do not have magnetic properties, the latter permiting their combination with novel materials. The greenness of these magnetic sorbents in miniaturized extractions techniques is generally demonstrated in terms of their ease of separation and amount of sorbent required, while the nature of the material itself is left unnoticed. However, the synthesis of MNMs is not always as green as their applications, and the resulting MNMs are not always as safe as desired. Is the analytical sample preparation field ready for using green magnetic nanomaterials? This review offers an overview, from a green analytical chemistry perspective, of the current state of the use of MNMs as sorbents in microextraction strategies, their preparation, and the analytical performance offered, together with a critical discussion on where efforts should go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gutiérrez-Serpa
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain
| | - Raúl González-Martín
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Verónica Pino
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain.
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Synthesis, spectral and thermo-kinetics explorations of Schiff-base derived metal complexes. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSchiff-base ligand, 2,6-bis(benzimino)-4-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (L), and its transition metal complexes of Co(ii), Ni(ii), and Cu(ii) were synthesized by refluxing the reaction mixture and its analytical, spectral, and thermogravimetric characteristics were explored by various techniques: AAS, FT-IR, UV-vis, TG-DTG, CHNS/O, and VSM. It was observed that all the metal containing complexes are non-electrolytic, mononuclear, and paramagnetic in nature, confirmed by the molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Optical spectral data were used to investigate the geometrical and spectral parameters of [Co(L)(ac)2], [Ni(L)(ac)2], [Cu(L)(ac)2], [Cu(L)(acac)2], and [Cu(L)(fmc)2] complexes. Simultaneous thermal analyses (TG-DTG) in nitrogen atmosphere reveal that the ligand decomposes in one step, [Co(L)(ac)2], [Ni(L)(ac)2], and [Cu(L) (ac)2] complexes are decomposed in three steps, whereas [Cu(L)(acac)2] and [Cu(L) (fmc)2] are decomposed in five and two steps, respectively. In addition, activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (ln A) were evaluated by TG-DTG decomposition steps of compounds using the Coats–Redfern formula. Enthalpy (∆H), entropy (∆S), and Gibbs free energy (∆G) of the as-prepared metal complexes were also speculated by various thermodynamic equations.
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