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Weaver KJ, Relph N. Lower Limb Anthropometric Profiling in Professional Female Soccer Players: A Proof of Concept for Asymmetry Assessment Using Video Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6124. [PMID: 37372711 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the clinical joint and limb measures in professional female soccer players. The study was a cross-sectional observational design. It was a preseason clinical setting. The inclusion criteria were outfield professional female soccer players, based in the UK, competing in the highest English league. The exclusion criteria included players who had had surgery in the last six months or had missed a single training session or match due to injury in the previous three months. In terms of the outcome measures, the dependent variables were the true limb length, ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion and extension, hip flexion, extension, internal rotation and external rotation, and straight leg raise measured using video analysis software. Additionally, passive clinical knee and ankle stability tests were conducted. The independent variables were leg dominance and playing position (defender, midfielder, and attacker). For the results, all the ROM measurements demonstrated limb symmetry (p = 0.621). However, there were significant main effects of the playing position on the ankle dorsiflexion and hip internal rotation, with defenders demonstrating a significantly reduced range of motion in comparison to midfielders and attackers. A notable finding from the bilateral passive stability measures was that 38.3% of players exhibited ankle talar inversion instability when using a talar tilt. In conclusion, bilateral differences do not appear to be apparent in this population; however, positional differences may occur in the ankle and hip range of motion measures. A high proportion of this population may present with passive ankle inversion instability. Future research should consider whether this leads to a higher risk of injury in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian J Weaver
- Sports Injuries Research Group, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
| | - Nicola Relph
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
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DeLang MD, Garrison JC, Hannon JP, Ishøi L, Thorborg K. Weekly screening of youth male football players: a 14-week longitudinal investigation of interactions between groin pain and long lever adductor squeeze strength. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:159-163. [PMID: 36813698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore relationships between groin pain and adductor squeeze strength in male academy football players over a 14-week period. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. METHODS Weekly monitoring of youth male football players consisted of reporting groin pain and testing long lever adductor squeeze strength. Players who reported groin pain at any time during the study period were stratified into the "groin pain" group while players who did not report pain remained in the "no groin pain" group. Baseline squeeze strength was retrospectively compared between groups. Players that developed groin pain were examined via repeated measures ANOVA at four timepoints: baseline, last squeeze before pain, pain onset, and return to pain-free. RESULTS 53 players were included (age 14.4 ± 1.6 years). Baseline squeeze strength was not different between players in the "groin pain" (n = 29, 4.35 ± 0.89 N/kg) versus "no groin pain" group (n = 24, 4.33 ± 0.90 N/kg, p = 0.83). At a group level, players with no groin pain maintained similar adductor squeeze strength throughout 14 weeks (p > 0.05). Compared to baseline (4.33 ± 0.90 N/kg), players with groin pain had decreased adductor squeeze strength at the last squeeze before pain (3.91 ± 0.85 N/kg, p = 0.003) and at pain onset (3.58 ± 0.78 N/kg, p < 0.001). Adductor squeeze strength at the point where pain subsided (4.06 ± 0.95 N/kg) was not different from baseline (p = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS Decreases in adductor squeeze strength manifest one-week prior to groin pain onset and further decrease at pain onset. Weekly adductor squeeze strength may be an early detector for groin pain in youth male football players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Craig Garrison
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, USA
| | | | - Lasse Ishøi
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Contreras-Díaz G, Chirosa-Ríos LJ, Chirosa-Ríos I, Riego-Ruiz A, Intelangelo L, Tuesta-Roa M, Morales-Zúñiga J, Jerez-Mayorga D. Dynamometric Strength Profile of Hip Muscles in Youth Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1291. [PMID: 36674053 PMCID: PMC9859035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soccer is the most widely practiced sport in the world, demanding high-speed activities such as jumps, sprints and changes of direction. Therefore, having optimal levels of muscle strength improves performance and reduces the injury rate. OBJECTIVES The objectives of our study were (i) to determine the dynamometric profile of hip muscle strength in young soccer players by position, evaluated at different isokinetic speeds, (ii) to describe the conventional and functional unilateral muscle strength ratios, (iii) to analyze the bilateral balance. METHODS Thirty-seven male soccer players (age 17.02 ± 0.92 years) participated in the study. Strength assessment was performed with a functional electromechanical dynamometer, and concentric and eccentric strength of abductors, adductors, extensors and hip flexors were measured bilaterally at 0.5 m/s and 1 m/s. RESULTS For eccentric right hip abduction at 0.5 m/s, defenders are significantly stronger than midfielders (p = 0.013) and stronger than forwards (p = 0.140). For eccentric right hip adduction at 0.5 m/s, defenders are significantly stronger than midfielders (p = 0.005) and stronger than forwards (p = 0.253), as for eccentric right hip adduction at 1 m/s, defenders are significantly stronger than midfielders (p = 0.014) and stronger than forwards (p = 0.084). There is a significant effect for the conventional strength ratio of left abduction/adduction at 1 m/s. The conventional strength ratio of forwards is significantly higher than that of defenders (p = 0.045) and higher than that of midfielders (p = 0.152). CONCLUSIONS Concentric and eccentric hip strength values differ according to playing position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Contreras-Díaz
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Department of Health, University of Los Lagos, Puerto Montt 5500000, Chile
| | - Luis Javier Chirosa-Ríos
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Chirosa-Ríos
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Riego-Ruiz
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Leonardo Intelangelo
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, University Center for Assistance, Teaching and Research, University of Gran Rosario, Rosario S2000, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Tuesta-Roa
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, University Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Jorge Morales-Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Sport Sciences, Center of Medicine Sports MD, Viña del Mar 2521156, Chile
| | - Daniel Jerez-Mayorga
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, University Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
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AlTaweel A, Nuhmani S, Ahsan M, Abualait T, Muaidi Q. Determining the hip joint isokinetic muscle strength and range of motion of professional soccer players based on their field position. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14000. [PMID: 36317121 PMCID: PMC9617545 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soccer players' physical and physiological demands vary based on their field position. Although the hip joint has an important role in soccer, little information is available about the strength and flexibility of the hip joint based on player positions. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the differences in muscle strength and flexibility of the hip joint of professional soccer players based on their field position. Methods Ninety-six professional soccer players from Saudi Arabia were divided into four groups (goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and attackers), with 24 participants in each group based on their field position. The Modified Thomas test was used to measure the hip extension range of motion (ROM), and muscle strength was assessed by an Isokinetic dynamometer. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the isokinetic strength at the hip joint movements between goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and attackers (p ≥ 0.05). At the same time, there was a significant difference between groups in the hip extension ROM (p ≤ 0.05). according to different player positions. Post hoc tests reported significant differences between goalkeepers and defenders (p ≤ 0.05), midfielders (p ≤ 0.05), and attackers p ≤ 0.05). At the same time, there were no significant differences between defenders and midfielders (p ≥ 0.05), defenders and attackers (p ≥ 0.05), and midfielders and attackers (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion Even though there was no significant difference in isokinetic strength, there was a significant difference in hip extension ROM among players based on field position. This study may help coaches and trainers to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of players and design training programs to rectify the weaker components and improve players' performance in different playing positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali AlTaweel
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shibili Nuhmani
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ahsan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Abualait
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qassim Muaidi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Alt T, Severin J, Schmidt M. Quo Vadis Nordic Hamstring Exercise-Related Research?-A Scoping Review Revealing the Need for Improved Methodology and Reporting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11225. [PMID: 36141503 PMCID: PMC9517005 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this scoping review is to assess Nordic Hamstring Exercise quality (ANHEQ) of assessments and interventions according to the ANHEQ rating scales and to present practical recommendations for the expedient design and reporting of future studies. A total of 71 Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) assessments and 83 NHE interventions were selected from the data sources PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. Research studies which were presented in peer-reviewed academic journals and implemented the NHE during laboratory-based assessments or multi-week interventions met the eligibility criteria. NHE assessments analyzed force (51%), muscle activation (41%), knee angle kinematics (38%), and bilateral symmetry (37%). NHE interventions lasted 4-8 weeks (56%) and implied an exercise volume of two sessions per week (66%) with two sets per session (41%) and ≥8 repetitions per set (39%). The total ANHEQ scores of the included NHE assessments and interventions were 5.0 ± 2.0 and 2.0 ± 2.0 (median ± interquartile range), respectively. The largest deficits became apparent for consequences of impaired technique (87% 0-point-scores for assessments) and kneeling height (94% 0-point-scores for interventions). The 0-point-scores were generally higher for interventions compared to assessments for rigid fixation (87% vs. 34%), knee position (83% vs. 48%), kneeling height (94% vs. 63%), and separate familiarization (75% vs. 61%). The single ANHEQ criteria, which received the highest score most frequently, were rigid fixation (66% of assessments) and compliance (33% of interventions). The quality of NHE assessments and interventions was generally 'below average' or rather 'poor'. Both NHE assessments and interventions suffered from imprecise reporting or lacking information regarding NHE execution modalities and subsequent analyses. Based on the findings, this scoping review aggregates practical guidelines how to improve the design and reporting of future NHE-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Alt
- Department of Biomechanics, Performance Analysis and Strength & Conditioning, Olympic Training and Testing Centre Westphalia, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jannik Severin
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Akyildiz Z, Çene E, Parim C, Çetin O, Turan Ç, Yüksel Y, Silva R, Silva AF, Nobari H. Classified metabolic power-based measures in professional football players: comparison between playing positions and match period. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:146. [PMID: 35907901 PMCID: PMC9338561 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was (i) provide reference data of metabolic power-based measures during professional football matches; and to (ii) analyze the between-position and between-halves differences of power-based measures during professional football matches. Methods Forty-six professional male players from two Turkish Super League teams were observed during two seasons, and 58 matches were analyzed. Total distance, equivalent distance, Low Power (LP), Intermediate Power (IP), High Power (HP), Elevated Power (EP), Max Power (MP) and power metabolic measures Pmet at different match moments were considered. Results Significant between-position differences were observed for IP (p: 0.000; d: 0.284), HP (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.45), EP (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.44), and for MP (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.56), with the central defenders (CD) showing the lower values, and the central midfielders (CM) showing the higher values for the overall measures. Conclusion Power-based measures are dependent on playing positions. While the CD have lower Pmet values when compared to all positions, the CM have the greatest values. Training and recovery strategies must be ensured for CM players, especially those who have greater match participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Akyildiz
- Sports Science Department, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Çene
- Department of Statistics, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Coşkun Parim
- Department of Statistics, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onat Çetin
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Coaching Education, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | | | - Yılmaz Yüksel
- Sports Science Department, Anadolu University, 26170, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Rui Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320, Melgaço, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320, Melgaço, Portugal.,The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, 5619911367, Ardabil, Iran. .,Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain. .,Department of Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068, Braşov, Romania.
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Alfonso Mantilla JI. Monitorización y periodización del rendimiento desde la fisioterapia deportiva ¿Hacia dónde vamos? REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y EL DEPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.24310/riccafd.2022.v11i2.14741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMEN
Introducción El concepto de monitorización y periodización es un visión que se ha desarrollado en la última década, donde se busca que se pueda tener un control de la carga interna y externa en los deportistas de distintas disciplinas deportivas producidas por el proceso de interacción con variables de prescripción de ejercicio que causan modificaciones a nivel fisiológico, bioquímico, biomecanico, muscular, neuromuscular ocasionando la tensión en los subsistemas del movimiento corporal humano generando adaptaciones especificas ante una carga determinada la cual puede ser medida mediante el uso de tecnología especifica o test indirectos Metodología Revisión de la literatura con la combinación de palabras clave como Monitoring, Performance, sports training load, Periodization en bases de datos como Pubmed, Ebsco, Medline, Scopus, Science Direct Resultados se pudo identificar 65 artículos que referencian la existencia de herramientas tecnológicas para realizar un proceso de monitorización y periodización desde la rehabilitación , prevención, control de carga, recuperación y readaptación deportiva que permiten la generación de datos estadísticos y crear perfiles desde cada área de actuación del fisioterapeuta deportivo. Conclusión la fisioterapia es una profesión encargada de muchos procesos deportivos que deben ser monitorizados y generen datos que permitan estandarizar procesos, crear perfiles de seguimiento específicos para facilitar la toma de decisiones desde el equipo biomédico e investigaciones en el deporte de alto rendimiento fusionando la practica con la evidencia científica.
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Quadriceps and Hamstrings Strength Reference Values for Athletes With and Without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Who Play Popular Pivoting Sports, Including Soccer, Basketball, and Handball: A Scoping Review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022; 52:142-155. [PMID: 34972481 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2022.10693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize and present reference values for quadriceps and hamstrings strength tests in healthy athletes who play pivoting sports and in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) who play pivoting sports. DESIGN Scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science up to January 26, 2021. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA We included reference values in 2 different categories: (1) quadriceps and hamstrings strength test outcomes in healthy pivoting-sport athletes, and (2) quadriceps and hamstrings strength test outcomes in pivoting-sport athletes with ACLR at a specific time point during rehabilitation. DATA SYNTHESIS We performed a qualitative synthesis for reference values from isokinetic (at 60°/s, 180°/s, and 300°/s) and isometric quadriceps and hamstrings strength tests. We summarized the data for type of sport, sex, sport participation level, and age group. RESULTS Of the 42 included studies, 26 reported reference values from healthy soccer players, 4 from healthy basketball players, 4 from healthy handball players, and 11 from other healthy pivoting-sport athletes. The limb symmetry index dominant/nondominant limb (LSI-D/ND) ranged from 98% to 114% for healthy athletes. Six studies reported reference values in pivoting-sport athletes with ACLR at a specific time point during rehabilitation. After 7 months, strength values for athletes with ACLR were comparable to those of healthy pivoting-sport athletes. CONCLUSION This scoping review summarizes quadriceps and hamstrings strength reference values for athletes who play the most common pivoting sports, including soccer, basketball, and handball. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(3):142-155. Epub 31 Dec 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10693.
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Perez-Arroniz M, Calleja-González J, Zabala-Lili J, Zubillaga A. The soccer goalkeeper profile: bibliographic review. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022; 51:193-202. [PMID: 35157536 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2022.2040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of this article was to review the existing scientific literature on the soccer goalkeeper. METHOD This article has reviewed the scientific literature related to the soccer goalkeeper as long as they offered specific information about this position on the field, including a total of 56 scientific articles. RESULTS The knowledge already recollected by authors to be able to apply it on training has been divided in the following chapters: anthropometric profile, conditional and performance profile (sprint, jump, agility, strength, aerobic capacity, mobility, and specific game technique), external load profile, and injury pathological profile. CONCLUSION The most noteworthy conclusions obtained are: 1) the higher the level of the team, the higher and heavier the goalkeepers; 2) in early ages (9-13 years) the training of goalkeepers is not well posed, since compared to the players are worse both in physical capacities and technique; 3) the aerobic capacity at long distances does not influence the performance of the goalkeeper; 4) the sprint, the jump, the agility, and the mobility are factors that determine the performance of the goalkeeper; 5) the goalkeepers are less likely to be injured than the field players, but there are certain typical injuries in the position that must be protected by a proper way of strengthening and technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markel Perez-Arroniz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julio Calleja-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Asier Zubillaga
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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van der Horst N, Denderen R. Isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps strength interpretation guideline for football (soccer) players with ACL reconstruction: a Delphi consensus study in the Netherlands. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2022; 6:434-445. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.2024592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick van der Horst
- Fifa Medical Centre of Excellence, Royal Netherlands Football Association (Knvb), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Remy Denderen
- Fifa Medical Centre of Excellence, Royal Netherlands Football Association (Knvb), Zeist, The Netherlands
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Championship interseason period did not reduce knee peak moment: A 10-years retrospective study of 467 elite soccer players. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: To compare knee moment profiles of professional soccer players from different playing positions before and after an interseason period.
Material and methods: Retrospective study of 467 healthy, professional elite Brazilian soccer players before and after an official championship interseason period during 10-years. Main outcome measures were isokinetic peak moment from knee extensors and flexors from concentric and eccentric contractions. A Two-way ANOVA analysis was used to compare each playing position before and after interseason period.
Results: It was found no statistical difference in Ext.CPT (from p = 0.11 to p = 0.97), Ext.EPT (from p = 0.07 to p = 0.85), Flx. CPT (from p = 0.14 to p = 0.90) or Flx.EPT (from p = 0.10 to p = 0.91) between End-Season and Pre-Season evaluations for all playing positions (from Goalkeepers, Defenders, Backsiders, Midfielders and Forwards).
Conclusions: Isokinetic peak moment did not have significant differences after an interseason period of 4 to 6 weeks, allowing trainers and coaches to focus their pre-season period on other performance concerns than strengthening.
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Capaverde VDB, Oliveira GDS, de Lima-E-Silva FX, Ribeiro-Alvares JBA, Baroni BM. Do age and body size affect the eccentric knee flexor strength measured during the Nordic hamstring exercise in male soccer players? Sports Biomech 2021:1-11. [PMID: 34882067 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.2003850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to verify how age, height, body mass and body mass index affects the eccentric knee flexor strength during the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) in male soccer players. Ten professional soccer clubs were included in this cross-sectional trial. Three hundred and eleven soccer players (192 from senior and 119 from under-20 teams) were assessed using a load-cell based device. Pearson's correlation tests were performed between peak force values (measured in Newtons) and age, height, body mass and body mass index. The individual-limb strength (n = 622 limbs) and the between-limb average strength (n = 322 players) presented no correlation with age (r = 0.12 for both) and height (r = 0.13; r = 0,15), and fair correlations with body mass (r = 0.37; r = 0,41) and body mass index (r = 0.40; r = 0,43). In conclusion, the male soccer players' eccentric knee flexor strength measured during the NHE execution is not affected by age or height. Body mass and body mass index play somewhat effect on strength, thus normalising absolute strength measures by body mass or body mass index can provide more accurate analysis in some contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius de Borba Capaverde
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Dos Santos Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Xavier de Lima-E-Silva
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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The Relationship between Preseason Common Screening Tests to Identify Inter-Limb Asymmetries in High-Level Senior and Professional Soccer Players. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to examine inter-limb asymmetries in common screening tests performed during preseason and to analyze the relationship between the performance in the different tests. Nineteen high-level senior and professional soccer players (age: 23.2 ± 3.1 years; height: 181 ± 0.06 cm; body mass: 75.2 ± 4.8 kg) performed several common screening tests during preseason: Dorsiflexion lunge test (DLT); bent knee fall out test (BKFO); y-balance anterior test (YBT A); y-balance posterolateral test (YBT PL); Y-balance posteromedial test (YBT PM); Heel-rise test (HRT) and single leg hamstring bridge test (SLHBT). High levels of reliability (ICC > 0.88 and <0.94) were observed in all the studied variables. Inter-limb significant differences were observed in DLT and YBT PM test (p < 0.01) but YBT A, HRT and SLHBT presented trivial effect size (ES) (0.03; 0.07 and 0.13, respectively), contrary to DLT, BKFO and YBT PL, all with small ES (0.20; −0.23 and −0.22) and YBT PM, which revealed very large ES (2.91). Considering all data, high-level senior and professional soccer players present fairly good mean values of lower limb symmetry. Performance considering all tests was different, a fact associated with different biomechanical dynamics (e.g., YBT), nonetheless, the correlations between tests underline the relationship between these, which could represent important evidence to consider for injury prevention and performance enhancement programs.
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Scoz RD, Alves BMO, Burigo RL, Vieira ER, Ferreira LMA, da Silva RA, Hirata RP, Amorim CF. Strength development according with age and position: a 10-year study of 570 soccer players. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e000927. [PMID: 33754080 PMCID: PMC7938987 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The purpose of this study was to compare the isokinetic peak torque profiles from the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles during concentric and eccentric contractions in elite Brazilian soccer players across different field positions and age categories. Our hypothesis was that soccer players from different field positions are subjected to different ageing-related effects on their isokinetic peak torque. Methods This is a retrospective study based on professional elite-level soccer players between the years 2009 and 2019. It included 570 adult males who played for at least 5 years on first or second Brazilian divisions. Playing positions were divided as: goalkeepers, defenders, sidebacks, midfielders and forwards. Age categories were also divided as: G1 (17–20 years old), G2 (21–24 years old), G3 (25–28 years old), G4 (29–32 years old) and G5 (33 years old or more). Results The results indicate a moderate effect of age (F(4545)=8.197; p<0.001; η2=0.057) and a small effect of playing position (F(4545)=2.993; p<0.05; η2=0.021) on torque of concentric extensors; mainly from midfielders and goalkeepers with 29 years or more. Conclusions Soccer players from different field positions are subjected to different ageing related effects on their muscular performance during their career special attention should be given to these players to avoid reduction in physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Mazziotti Oliveira Alves
- Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Physical Therapy Department, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
| | | | - Edgar Ramos Vieira
- Physical Therapy Department, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cesar Ferreira Amorim
- Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Physical Therapy Department, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, Florida, USA.,KinesioLab, Instituto Piaget, Silves, Portugal.,Laboratoire de Recherche BioNR, Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, QC, Canada
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Physical fitness changes among amateur soccer players: effects of the pre-season period. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: To assess changes in physical fitness of amateur soccer players after a pre-season training period and baseline fitness dependencies.
Material and methods: Twenty-one amateur soccer players were assessed during the pre-season. The following physical variables were assessed before and after a two-month pre-season training period: (i) cardiorespiratory fitness, (ii) strength and power, and (iii) change of direction (COD).
Results: Significant decreases were found for countermovement jump (CMJ) (p < 0.001; d = 1.161), drop jump (DJ) (p = 0.014; d = 0.958), and horizontal jump (HJ) (p = 0.042; d = 0.640), while no significant changes were found for the overall variables from the beginning to the end of pre-season. Fit players revealed significant decreases for CMJ (p = 0.002; d = –2.495), DJ (p = 0.004; d = –1.760), HJ (p = 0.028; d = –1.005), COD deficit (p = 0.034; d = 1.013), and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) (p = 0.026; d = –4.053). No significant changes were found for unfit players.
Conclusions: Amateur soccer coaches should consider assessing physical qualities at the beginning of pre-season and use the free-of-charge monitoring tools such as session-rate of perceived exertion (s-RPE) during the training process.
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Claudino JG, Cardoso Filho CA, Bittencourt NFN, Gonçalves LG, Couto CR, Quintão RC, Reis GF, de Oliveira Júnior O, Amadio AC, Boullosa D, Serrão JC. Eccentric Strength Assessment of Hamstring Muscles with New Technologies: a Systematic Review of Current Methods and Clinical Implications. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:10. [PMID: 33507412 PMCID: PMC7843797 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the severe economic and performance implications of hamstring injuries, there are different attempts to identify their risk factors for subsequently developing injury prevention strategies to reduce the risk of these injuries. One of the strategies reported in the scientific literature is the application of interventions with eccentric exercises. To verify the effectiveness of these interventions, different eccentric strength measurements have been used with low-cost devices as alternatives to the widespread used isokinetic dynamometers and the technically limited handheld dynamometers. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to summarize the findings of the scientific literature related to the evaluation of eccentric strength of hamstring muscles with these new technologies. METHODS Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from inception up to April 2020, were conducted for peer reviewed articles written in English, reporting eccentric strength of hamstrings assessed by devices, different to isokinetic and handheld dynamometers, in athletes. RESULTS Seventeen studies were finally included in the review with 4 different devices used and 18 parameters identified. The pooled sample consisted of 2893 participants (97% male and 3% female: 22 ± 4 years). The parameters most used were peak force (highest and average), peak torque (average and highest), and between-limb imbalance (left-to-right limb ratio). There is inconsistency regarding the association between eccentric hamstrings strength and both injury risk and athletic performance. There is no standardized definition or standardization of the calculation of the used parameters. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence is insufficient to recommend a practical guide for sports professionals to use these new technologies in their daily routine, due to the need for standardized definitions and calculations. Furthermore, more studies with female athletes are warranted. Despite these limitations, the eccentric strength of hamstring muscles assessed by different devices may be recommended for monitoring the neuromuscular status of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gustavo Claudino
- School of Physical Education and Sport – Laboratory of Biomechanics, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65 – Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030 Brazil
- Research and Development Department, LOAD CONTROL, Contagem, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Cardoso Filho
- School of Physical Education and Sport – Laboratory of Biomechanics, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65 – Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030 Brazil
| | - Natália Franco Netto Bittencourt
- Uni-BH University Center – Physical Therapy Department, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
- PHAST, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Carlos Amadio
- School of Physical Education and Sport – Laboratory of Biomechanics, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65 – Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030 Brazil
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD Australia
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, INISA, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | - Júlio Cerca Serrão
- School of Physical Education and Sport – Laboratory of Biomechanics, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65 – Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030 Brazil
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Read PJ, McAuliffe S, Bishop C, Oliver JL, Graham-Smith P, Farooq MA. Asymmetry Thresholds for Common Screening Tests and Their Effects on Jump Performance in Professional Soccer Players. J Athl Train 2021; 56:46-53. [PMID: 33264407 PMCID: PMC7863609 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0013.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Arbitrary asymmetry thresholds are regularly used in professional soccer athletes, notwithstanding the sparse literature available to examine their prevalence. OBJECTIVE To establish normative and positional asymmetry values for commonly used screening tests and investigate their relationships with jumping performance. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Elite soccer screening. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 203 professional male soccer players. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Bilateral and unilateral jumping; range of motion; and hamstrings (HAM), quadriceps (QUAD), and hip-adductor and -abductor strength tests were used to quantify asymmetry. Players were divided into 4 quartiles (Q1-Q4) based on the magnitude of their asymmetry for each test. Single composite scores were also developed to group tests by range of motion and HAM, QUAD, hip-adduction, and hip-abduction strength, and differences in jump performance were examined among players in each quartile. RESULTS Large variability (range = 5.2%-14.5%) was evident in asymmetry scores across the different tests and physical qualities. Forwards displayed greater asymmetry in concentric quadriceps and eccentric hip-abduction strength (P < .05). The HAM and QUAD composite scores indicated that Q4 players' jumps were shorter than those in other quartiles during a single-legged countermovement jump and 10-second hop (P < .05). No decrements in unilateral jump performance were shown among players in each quartile for range of motion or hip-adduction and -abduction strength, and no composite measures of asymmetry affected bilateral jump performance. CONCLUSIONS No single asymmetry threshold was present for all tests; the outcomes were task, variable, and population specific. Larger asymmetries in HAM and QUAD strength appeared to be detrimental to unilateral jump performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Read
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Seán McAuliffe
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, United Kingdom
| | - Jon L. Oliver
- Youth Physical Development Unit, School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mohammed Abdulaziz Farooq
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Goalkeepers Live Longer than Field Players: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis Based on World-Class Football Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176297. [PMID: 32872456 PMCID: PMC7504036 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study whether the position occupied by footballers on the pitch influences their life duration. It is known that various types of sporting activity (endurance, resistance, or mixed) may influence lifespan in different ways. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the role of different positions played in team sports such as football. Our research was based on elite international football players born before 1923 who took part in the first three football World Cups (n = 443) or played in the 1946/1947 season in the leading clubs of the main European leagues (n = 280). Goalkeepers were characterized by a 5–8-year longer life duration compared to their colleagues playing in other positions (World Cup: 82.0 ± 7.0 vs. 74.0 ± 8.0, p = 0.0047; European leagues: 83.0 ± 7.5 vs. 78.0 ± 8.0, p = 0.0023), with an absence of differences between defenders, midfielders, and forwards. Moreover, in both of the analyzed subgroups, the rate of survival until the 85th birthday was significantly higher among goalkeepers than among field players (p = 0.0102 and p = 0.0048, for both studied groups, respectively).
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Psychomotor Abilities of Professional Handball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16111909. [PMID: 31151149 PMCID: PMC6603509 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of the paper was to evaluate selected psychomotor abilities of handball players depending on the competition class (league), position on the court, training seniority and the dominant hand. The study covered a group of 40 handball players (age: 24.02 ± 3.99), while 50 non-training men (age: 22.90 ± 1.13) formed the control group. Studies were performed using Test2Drive computer tests. The following four tests were used for measuring psychomotor fitness: simple reaction time test, choice reaction time test, hand-eye coordination test and spatial anticipation test. An analysis revealed that handball players had better reaction times and movement times than the control group. The league, position on the court, training seniority and the dominant upper limb were analysed for their impact on the reaction time and movement time in handball players. An analysis of psychomotor abilities of handball players with regard to the league revealed that in the majority of tests the Superliga players had a shorter reaction time than players in lower leagues.
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