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D’Amico A, Fossati C, Pigozzi F, Borrione P, Peruzzi M, Bartimoccia S, Saba F, Pingitore A, Biondi-Zoccai G, Petramala L, De Grandis F, Vecchio D, D’Ambrosio L, Schiavon S, Sciarra L, Nocella C, Cavarretta E. Natural Activators of Autophagy Reduce Oxidative Stress and Muscle Injury Biomarkers in Endurance Athletes: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020459. [PMID: 36678330 PMCID: PMC9862446 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and impaired autophagy are directly and indirectly implicated in exercise-mediated muscle injury. Trehalose, spermidine, nicotinamide, and polyphenols possess pro-autophagic and antioxidant properties, and could therefore reduce exercise-induced damage to skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a mixture of these compounds was able to improve muscle injury biomarkers in endurance athletes through the modulation of oxidative stress and autophagic machinery. METHODS AND RESULTS sNOX2-dp; H2O2 production; H2O2 breakdown activity (HBA); ATG5 and p62 levels, both markers of autophagic process; and muscle injury biomarkers were evaluated in five endurance athletes who were allocated in a crossover design study to daily administration of 10.5 g of an experimental mixture or no treatment, with evaluations conducted at baseline and after 30 days of mixture consumption. Compared to baseline, the mixture intake led to a remarkable reduction of oxidative stress and positively modulated autophagy. Finally, after the 30-day supplementation period, a significant decrease in muscle injury biomarkers was found. CONCLUSION Supplementation with this mixture positively affected redox state and autophagy and improved muscle injury biomarkers in athletes, allowing for better muscle recovery. Moreover, it is speculated that this mixture could also benefit patients suffering from muscle injuries, such as cancer or cardiovascular patients, or elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra D’Amico
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Villa Stuart Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Villa Stuart Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Borrione
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annachiara Pingitore
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery “Paride Stefanini”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luigi Petramala
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Grandis
- Villa Stuart Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Vecchio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luca D’Ambrosio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Sonia Schiavon
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luigi Sciarra
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 Coppito, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-064-9970-102
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
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Pupyshev AB, Klyushnik TP, Akopyan AA, Singh SK, Tikhonova MA. Disaccharide Trehalose in Experimental Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Molecular Targets and Translational Potential. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106373. [PMID: 35907433 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Induction of autophagy is a prospective approach to the treatment of neurodegeneration. In the recent decade, trehalose attracted special attention. It is an autophagy inducer with negligible adverse effects and is approved for use in humans according to FDA requirements. Trehalose has a therapeutic effect in various experimental models of diseases. This glucose disaccharide with a flexible α-1-1'-glycosidic bond has unique properties: induction of mTOR-independent autophagy (with kinase AMPK as the main target) and a chaperone-like effect on proteins imparting them natural spatial structure. Thus, it can reduce the accumulation of neurotoxic aberrant/misfolded proteins. Trehalose has an anti-inflammatory effect and inhibits detrimental oxidative stress partially owing to the enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defense represented by the Nrf2 protein. The disaccharide activates lysosome and autophagosome biogenesis pathways through the protein factors TFEB and FOXO1. Here we review various mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of trehalose and touch on the possibility of pleiotropic effects. Current knowledge about specific features of trehalose pharmacodynamics is discussed. The neuroprotective effects of trehalose in animal models of major neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases are examined too. Attention is given to translational transition to clinical trials of this drug, especially oral and parenteral routes of administration. Besides, the possibility of enhancing the therapeutic benefit via a combination of mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent autophagy inducers is analyzed. In general, trehalose appears to be a promising multitarget tool for the inhibition of experimental neurodegeneration and requires thorough investigation of its clinical capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Pupyshev
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
| | - Tatyana P Klyushnik
- Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoye shosse 34, Moscow 115522, Russia.
| | - Anna A Akopyan
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Krishna Bhawan, 594 Kha/123, Shahinoor Colony, Nilmatha, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226002, India.
| | - Maria A Tikhonova
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
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Hamada N, Wadazumi T, Hirata Y, Watanabe H, Hongu N, Arai N. Effects of Trehalose Solutions at Different Concentrations on High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise Performance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091776. [PMID: 35565744 PMCID: PMC9101545 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose solution ingested during exercise induces gradual increases in blood glucose levels and the insulin response compared with glucose solution. Trehalose solution aids in the maintenance of performance in the later stages of prolonged exercise. The purpose of this study was to identify the lowest concentration at which the properties of trehalose could be exploited. Groups of 12 healthy men (21.3 ± 1.3 years) and 10 healthy men (21.1 ± 0.7 years) with recreational training were included in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Both experiments followed the same protocol. After fasting for 12 h, the participants performed a 60 min constant-load exercise at 40% V˙O2 peak using a bicycle ergometer and ingested 500 mL of a trial drink (experiment 1: water, 8% glucose, and 6 or 8% trehalose; experiment 2: 4 or 6% trehalose). They performed four sets of the Wingate test combined with a 30 min constant-load exercise at 40% V˙O2 peak. The experiment was conducted using a randomized cross-over design; trial drink experiments were conducted over intervals of 7 to 12 days. The exercise performance was evaluated based on mean power in the Wingate test. Blood was collected from the fingertip at 12 points during each experiment to measure blood glucose levels. During the high-intensity 5 h intermittent exercise, no differences were found between the groups in exercise performance in the later stages with concentrations of 8, 6, and 4% trehalose solution. The results suggest that trehalose could be useful for making a new type of mixed carbohydrate solution. Further studies to determine the trehalose response of individual athletes during endurance exercise are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Hamada
- Graduate School of Health and Well-Being, Department of Health and Well-Being, Kansai University, 1-11-1, Kaorigaoka-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai 590-8515, Osaka, Japan; (T.W.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Applied Food Science, Higashiosaka Junior College, 3-1-1, Nishizutsumigakuen-cho, Higashiosaka 577-8567, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6782-2824
| | - Tsuyoshi Wadazumi
- Graduate School of Health and Well-Being, Department of Health and Well-Being, Kansai University, 1-11-1, Kaorigaoka-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai 590-8515, Osaka, Japan; (T.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yoko Hirata
- Graduate School of Health and Well-Being, Department of Health and Well-Being, Kansai University, 1-11-1, Kaorigaoka-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai 590-8515, Osaka, Japan; (T.W.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Kobe Women’s Junior College, 4-7-2, Nakamachi, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0046, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Watanabe
- Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku 558-8585, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Nobuko Hongu
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Department of Food and Human Life Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku 558-8585, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Norie Arai
- Hayashibara, Co., Ltd., 675-1, Fujisaki, Naka-ku 702-8006, Okayama, Japan;
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Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse and Spray Improve Prolonged Exercise Performance in Recreationally Trained Male College Students. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10040051. [PMID: 35447861 PMCID: PMC9033104 DOI: 10.3390/sports10040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouth rinsing with a carbohydrate (CHO) solution has emerged as a sports nutrition strategy to increase endurance performance. This study aimed to clarify the effects of two forms of CHO sensing in the mouth (i.e., CHO mouth rinse (CMR) and CHO mouth spray (CMS)) on exercise performance during prolonged exercise, including ultra-high intensity intermittent exercise over time. We conducted the following experimental trials: (1) 6% glucose solution (G), (2) 6% CMR, (3) 6% CMS, and (4) water (WAT). These trials were conducted at least 1 week apart in a randomized crossover design. Eight male college students performed constant-load exercise for 60 min (intensity 40% VO2peak), four sets of the Wingate test (three 30 s Wingate tests with a 4 min recovery between each test), and a constant-load exercise for 30 min (intensity 40% VO2peak). The mean exercise power output (Watt), ratings of perceived exertion, and blood glucose levels were measured. We found that the mean power values of the CMR and CMS in the third and fourth sets was significantly higher than that of WAT (p < 0.05), and that the G trial did not show a significant difference from any other trial. Thus, when compared to G or WAT, CMR and CMS can help improve endurance exercise performance.
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Hamada N, Wadazumi T, Hirata Y, Kuriyama M, Watanabe K, Watanabe H, Hongu N, Arai N. Single Ingestion of Trehalose Enhances Prolonged Exercise Performance by Effective Use of Glucose and Lipid in Healthy Men. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051439. [PMID: 33923235 PMCID: PMC8145241 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose increases blood glucose levels slowly and induces a slight insulin response. The present study aimed to study the effect of trehalose on prolonged exercise performance. The participants were 12 healthy men (age: 21.3 ± 0.9 y). After an overnight fast (12 h), they first exercised with a constant load (intensity: 40% V˙O2peak) for 60 min using a bicycle ergometer. They continued to exercise with a constant load (40% V˙O2peak) for 30 min between four sets of the 30-s Wingate test. After the 1st set, each participant ingested 500 mL water (control), 8% glucose, or 8% trehalose in three trials. These three trials were at least one week apart and were conducted in a double-blind and randomized crossover manner. Blood was collected for seven biochemical parameters at 12 time points during the experiment. The area under the curve of adrenaline after ingestion of trehalose was significantly lower than that for water and tended to be lower than that for glucose in the later stage of the exercise. Lower secretion of adrenaline after a single dose of 8% trehalose during prolonged exercise reflected the preservation of carbohydrates in the body in the later stage of the exercise. In conclusion, a single ingestion of trehalose helped to maintain prolonged exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Hamada
- Department of Applied Food Science, Higashiosaka Junior College, 3-1-1, Nishidutsumigakuen-cho, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8567, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Well-Being, Kansai University, 1-11-1, Kaorigaoka-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai, Osaka 590-8515, Japan; (T.W.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6782-2824
| | - Tsuyoshi Wadazumi
- Faculty of Health and Well-Being, Kansai University, 1-11-1, Kaorigaoka-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai, Osaka 590-8515, Japan; (T.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yoko Hirata
- Faculty of Health and Well-Being, Kansai University, 1-11-1, Kaorigaoka-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai, Osaka 590-8515, Japan; (T.W.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Kobe Women’s Junior College, 4-7-2 Nakamachi, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0046, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kuriyama
- Faculty of Nursing Sciences, Meiji University of Integrative medicine, Honoda Hiyoshi-cho, Nantan, Kyoto 629-0392, Japan;
| | - Kanji Watanabe
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46 Ikebiraki, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Watanabe
- Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan;
| | - Nobuko Hongu
- Department of Food and Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan;
| | - Norie Arai
- R&D Division, Hayashibara, Co., Ltd., 675-1, Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama 702-8006, Japan;
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Sokołowska E, Sadowska A, Sawicka D, Kotulska-Bąblińska I, Car H. A head-to-head comparison review of biological and toxicological studies of isomaltulose, d-tagatose, and trehalose on glycemic control. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5679-5704. [PMID: 33715524 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder contributing to significant morbidity and mortality in humans. Different preventive and therapeutic agents, as well as various pharmacological strategies or non-pharmacological tools, improve the glycemic profile of diabetic patients. Isomaltulose, d-tagatose, and trehalose are naturally occurring, low glycemic sugars that are not synthesized by humans but widely used in food industries. Various studies have shown that these carbohydrates can regulate glucose metabolism and provide support in maintaining glucose homeostasis in patients with diabetes, but also can improve insulin response, subsequently leading to better control of hyperglycemia. In this review, we discussed the anti-hyperglycemic effects of isomaltulose, D-tagatose, and trehalose, comparing their properties with other known sweeteners, and highlighting their importance for the development of the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Sokołowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Diana Sawicka
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Influence of Trehalose Mouth Rinse on Anaerobic and Aerobic Exercise Performance. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20969594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a disaccharide consisting of 2 glucose units linked in an alpha 1,1-glycosidic bond. Pre-exercise trehalose ingestion enhances exercise performance within 30 minutes. Enhanced performance was hypothesized to be due to a mouth rinse effect. A 3-arm double-blind crossover trial was conducted to test this hypothesis. Ten healthy male collegiate distance runners rinsed their mouths with either trehalose (6% w/v) or maltose (6% w/v) or acesulfame potassium (0.04 mg/mL) for 5 seconds and then performed an exercise assessment composed of 6-second peak power and endurance tests. Trehalose induced the highest mean power output ( P < .01) in peak power tests. In the endurance test, trehalose consistently showed higher mean power output than maltose. The 3 test drinks displayed indistinguishable sweetness and were expected to activate receptors for sweetness (T1R2-T1R3) with the same intensity. Trehalose activates taste receptors T1R1-T1R3, T1R3-T1R3 homodimer, and T1R2-T1R3, whereas sucrose activates only T1R2-T1R3. Therefore, a difference in mouth rinse effect might be due to a specific receptor in the oral cavity that recognizes differences between trehalose and maltose.
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Suzuki Y, Sato K, Sakuraba K, Akaishi T, Sugiyama K, Suzuki H, Ymawaki K. Pre-exercise Trehalose Ingestion Enhanced Exercise Performance in Male Collegiate Distance Runners. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20933727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 10 male collegiate distance runners participated in a randomized crossover trial. After completing a warm-up, each participant ingested 300 mL of a test drink and performed 2 sets of pedaling for the duration of 10 minutes (tests 1 and 3) and a 30-second sprint test (tests 2 and 4) with 3-minute interval. During the exercise tests, participants were instructed to make a full power output in 30-second sprint tests and to keep the effort equivalent to their own pace in 10 000 m track race without a final push in the 10-minute pedaling phase. The test drinks allocated to the participants were either trehalose (6% w/v), glucose (6% w/v), or water. During the 4 tests, trehalose presented with the highest mean power outputs compared to that of glucose and water. It was statistically significant against water and glucose especially in the first 10 minutes of pedaling (test 1) and the last 30 seconds of sprint tests (test 4). Therefore, data indicate that trehalose may enhance exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sato
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keishoku Sakuraba
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Akaishi
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kana Sugiyama
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koudai Ymawaki
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
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