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Chen Z, Liu W, Qin T, Wu M, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wu D, Abakumov E, Chebykina E, Zhang Y, Dai J, Xiao H, Xie X, Kong M. Phosphorus flow characteristics in the waste system of Poyang Lake Watershed over the past 70 years. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173704. [PMID: 38844222 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
With the intensification of human activities, the amount of phosphorus (P)-containing waste has increased. When such waste is not recycled, P is released into the environment, leading to environmental issues such as the eutrophication of water bodies. In this study, based on the material flow analysis method, a P Waste Flow analysis model (P-WFA) was developed to analyze the P flow in the waste system of Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China. To address the research gap in long-term P flow analysis at the watershed scale, this study quantified the P content in the waste system of the Poyang Lake Watershed from 1950 to 2020. The analysis revealed that from 1950 to 2020, the total P input into the waste system increased from 5.49 × 104 tons in 1950 to 2.28 × 105 tons in 2020. The breeding industry system was identified as the primary source, accounting for 25.19-41.59 % of the total waste system. Over the past 70 years, P loss to surface water from waste systems has been primarily facilitated by manure from the breeding industry, as well as drainage from crop farming systems (77.74 % in 2020). At the same time, the P recycling rate (PRR) of the waste system exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease, increasing from 44.14 % to 47.75 % before dropping to 44.41 %. Population growth, urbanization, and changes in consumption levels in Jiangxi Province have led to changes in the dietary structure and fertilizer use, consequently affecting the P cycling pattern. This study presents a comprehensive P flow model for waste systems in the Poyang Lake Watershed. This model can be used as a reference to enhance P cycling and manage P loss in other large freshwater lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Daishe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang City of Jiangxi Province 337000, China
| | - Evgeny Abakumov
- Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199178, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Chebykina
- Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199178, Russian Federation
| | - Yondong Zhang
- Jiangxi Nanxin Environmental Protection Technology Co. LTD, Jiujiang City of Jiangxi Province 330300, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- Jiangxi Nanxin Environmental Protection Technology Co. LTD, Jiujiang City of Jiangxi Province 330300, China
| | - Huoqing Xiao
- Jiangxi Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences and Planning, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330039, China
| | - Xianchuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Ming Kong
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
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Penuelas J, Sardans J. Human-driven global nutrient imbalances increase risks to health. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (ONLINE) 2023; 2:246-251. [PMID: 38435356 PMCID: PMC10902514 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Human-induced inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) into the biosphere have reached unprecedented levels, particularly N, leading to an escalating global anthropogenic N:P ratio. This ratio has emerged as a significant driver of environmental change, impacting organisms, ecosystems, and global food security. However, the implications of this ratio for human health have been largely overlooked and remain uncertain. This article aims to fill this knowledge gap by exploring the potential effects of N:P ratios on both non-infectious and infectious diseases. Preliminary data emphasize the importance of investigating the influence of N:P ratios on human health, suggesting a potential role in the rise of non-infectious diseases, such as cancer, as well as the proliferation of infectious diseases, including Zika and malaria. These findings highlight the urgent need for increased attention from the scientific community and policymakers regarding the complex impacts of the human-induced biospheric N:P ratio. It is crucial to investigate and understand the underlying mechanisms and drivers behind these effects. Furthermore, there is significant potential for improving human health through the manipulation of N:P ratios and the availability of N and P. This applies not only to medical treatments but also to innovative fertilizer management strategies. These avenues present promising opportunities to address the challenges associated with human health in an ever-changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Shurson GC, Urriola PE. Sustainable swine feeding programs require the convergence of multiple dimensions of circular agriculture and food systems with One Health. Anim Front 2022; 12:30-40. [DOI: 10.1093/af/vfac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald C Shurson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, MN , USA
| | - Pedro E Urriola
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, MN , USA
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4
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Sun Y, Wang C, Chen X, Liu S, Lu X, Chen HYH, Ruan H. Phosphorus additions imbalance terrestrial ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometry. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:7353-7365. [PMID: 36056683 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C):nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in plants, soils, and microbial biomass influences productivity and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Anthropogenic inputs of P to ecosystems are increasing; however, our understanding of the impacts of P addition on terrestrial ecosystem C:N:P ratios remains elusive. By conducting a meta-analysis with 1413 paired observations from 121 publications, we showed that P addition significantly decreased plant, soil, and microbial biomass N:P and C:P ratios, but had negligible effects on C:N ratios. The reductions in N:P and C:P ratios became more evident as the P application rates and experimental duration increased. The P addition effects on terrestrial ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometry did not vary with ecosystem types or climates. Moreover, the responses of N:P and C:P ratios in soil and microbial biomass were associated with the responses of soil pH and fungi:bacteria ratios. Additionally, P additions increased net primary productivity, microbial biomass, soil respiration, N mineralization, and N nitrification, but decreased ammonium and nitrate contents. Decreases in plant N:P and C:P ratios were both negatively correlated to net primary productivity and soil respiration, but positively correlated to ammonium and nitrate contents; microbial biomass, soil respiration, ammonium contents, and nitrate contents all increased with declining soil N:P and C:P ratios. Our findings highlight that P additions could imbalance C:N:P stoichiometry and potentially impact the terrestrial ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
- Department of Ecology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiting Wang
- Department of Ecology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinli Chen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjie Lu
- School of Atmospheric Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Honghua Ruan
- Department of Ecology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Shurson GC, Pelton REO, Yang Z, Urriola PE, Schmitt J. Environmental impacts of eco-nutrition swine feeding programs in spatially explicit geographic regions of the United States. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac356. [PMID: 36305772 PMCID: PMC9733525 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, water consumption, land use, as well as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C) balance of five diet formulation strategies and feeding programs for growing-finishing pigs (25-130 kg body weight) in the three spatially explicit geographic regions where the majority of U.S. pork production occurs. Feeding programs evaluated consisted of 1) standard corn-soybean meal (CSBM) diets, 2) CSBM containing 15% corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), 3) CSBM with 8.6% thermally processed supermarket food waste (FW), 4) low crude protein CSBM diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids (SAA), and 5) CSBM with phytase enzyme (PHY) added at 600 FTU (phytase units)/kg of diet. An attributional Life Cycle Assessment approach using a highly specialized, spatially explicit Food System Supply-Chain Sustainability (FoodS3) model was used to quantify GHG emissions, water consumption, and land use of corn, soybean meal, and DDGS based on county level sourcing. The DDGS, FW, and SAA feeding programs had less estimated N and P intake and excretion than CSBM, and the PHY feeding program provided the greatest reduction in P excretion. The FW feeding program had the least overall GHG emissions (319.9 vs. 324.6 to 354.1 kg CO2 equiv./market hog), land use (331.5 vs. 346.5 to 385.2 m2/market hog), and water consumption (7.64 vs. 7.70 to 8.30 m3/market hog) among the alternatives. The DDGS feeding program had the greatest GHG emissions (354.1 kg CO2 equiv./market hog) among all programs but had less impacts on water consumption (7.70 m3) and land use (346.5 m2) per market hog than CSBM and PHY. The SAA feeding program provided a 6.5-7.4% reduction in land use impacts compared with CSBM and PHY, respectively. Regardless of feeding program, the Midwest had the least contributions to GHG emissions and land use attributed to feed and manure among regions. Water consumption per market hog associated with feeding programs was much greater in the Southwest (59.66-63.58 m3) than in the Midwest (4.45-4.88 m3) and Mid-Atlantic (1.85-2.14 m3) regions. Results show that diet composition and U.S. geographic region significantly affect GHG emissions, water consumption, and land use of pork production systems, and the potential use of thermally processed supermarket food waste at relatively low diet inclusion rates (<10%) can reduce environmental impacts compared with other common feeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald C Shurson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Rylie E O Pelton
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Pedro E Urriola
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jennifer Schmitt
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Phosphorus Restriction in Brooding Stage Has Continuous Effects on Growth Performance and Early Laying Performance of Layers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123546. [PMID: 34944320 PMCID: PMC8698199 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Phosphorus plays a critical role in bone and eggshell formation. Dietary phosphorus oversupply depletes non-renewable natural resources and causes environmental concerns in animal husbandry. This study evaluated the effects of phosphorus restriction in the brooding stage and subsequent recovery on growth performance, tibia development and early laying performance of layers. Phosphorus restriction decreases growth performance and bone characters in the brooding stage, and the adverse effects on body weight and early laying performance do not disappear after phosphorus supplementation. These findings give a foundation and new perspective on low phosphorus feeding strategies in the production of layers. Abstract This study evaluated the effects of phosphorus restriction in the brooding stage and subsequent recovery on growth performance, tibia development and early laying performance of layers. 360 one-day-old hens were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates and 15 chicks per replicate. Chicks were fed diets containing 0.13% (L), 0.29% (M), 0.45% (N), 0.59% (H) non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) from 1 to 8 weeks of age. From 9 to 20 weeks of age, the L and N group were divided into two groups fed normal level phosphorus (n, 0.39% nPP) and high-level phosphorus (h, 0.45% nPP) separately, then all the birds were fed a normal diet (0.39% nPP) from 21 to 26 weeks of age. Four treatments were tested: Ln, Lh, Nn, and Nh. The lower body weight, average daily feed intake, tibia length and daily tibial increment were observed in the L group (p < 0.05) and the ratio of feed to gain was significantly increased in the L group at 8 weeks of age (p < 0.05). In addition, the fresh and degreased tibia weight, bone ash, Ca content in the tibia and P content in the ash and tibia were significantly decreased in the L group at 8 weeks of age (p < 0.05). After compensatory processes, there was no significant difference in tibia characters; however, body weight in the Ln group was significantly lower than in the Nn group (p < 0.05) and was significantly lower in the Lh group than the Nn group (p < 0.01) and Nh group (p < 0.05). In addition, the laying rate and average daily egg mass in the Lh group were lower than Nn and Nh (p < 0.05). In conclusion, severe dietary phosphorus restriction impaired growth performance and bone mineralization in the brooding stage. Subsequent phosphorus supplementation could not alleviate this adverse effect on body weight, which continued to affect egg production. These findings give a foundation and new perspective on a low phosphorus feeding strategy in layer production.
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7
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Kronberg SL, Provenza FD, van Vliet S, Young SN. Review: Closing nutrient cycles for animal production - Current and future agroecological and socio-economic issues. Animal 2021; 15 Suppl 1:100285. [PMID: 34312093 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We face an urgent and complex challenge to produce large amounts of healthful animal and plant foods for an estimated 10 billion people by 2050 while maintaining essential ecosystem services. To compound this challenge, we must do so while not further degrading our environment and conserving essential nutrients such as copper, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc that are in short supply for fertilization. Much good research has been done, but to meet this challenge, we need to greatly increase on-farm and watershed-scale research including on-farm evaluations and demonstrations of the putative best combinations of stewardship techniques over multiple years in real-world settings, which are backed by data on nutrient inputs, soil, air, and water chemistry (fluxes) and water discharge. We also need to work with farmers, specialists, and generalists in highly creative interdisciplinary teams that resist forming silos and that use combinations of techniques linked to agroecology and industrial ecology in combination with state-of-the-art engineering. Some of these research and demonstration farms need to be in catchments prone to pollution of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems with nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients. Some promising approaches include mixed crop-livestock systems, although these alone may not be productive enough without updating to meet the dietary needs of an estimated 10 billion people by 2050. Other approaches could be state-of-the-art multi-trophic production systems, which include several species of plants integrated into production with vertebrates (e.g., ruminants, pigs, poultry), invertebrates (e.g., insects, earthworms) and fish, shrimp, or crayfish to utilize wasted feed and excreta, and recycle nutrients back to the animals (via plants or invertebrates) in the systems. To cut costs and increase desirable outputs, we must recycle nutrients much better within our food production systems and produce both animal and plant foods more efficiently as nutrients cycle through systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Kronberg
- Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Mandan, ND, United States.
| | - F D Provenza
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - S van Vliet
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - S N Young
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Reyer H, Oster M, Ponsuksili S, Trakooljul N, Omotoso AO, Iqbal MA, Muráni E, Sommerfeld V, Rodehutscord M, Wimmers K. Transcriptional responses in jejunum of two layer chicken strains following variations in dietary calcium and phosphorus levels. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:485. [PMID: 34187361 PMCID: PMC8243909 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are essential nutrients that are linked to a large array of biological processes. Disturbances in Ca and P homeostasis in chickens are associated with a decline in growth and egg laying performance and environmental burden due to excessive P excretion rates. Improved utilization of minerals in particular of P sources contributes to healthy growth while preserving the finite resource of mineral P and mitigating environmental pollution. In the current study, high performance Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and Lohmann Brown (LB) hens at peak laying performance were examined to approximate the consequences of variable dietary Ca and P supply. The experimental design comprised four dietary groups with standard or reduced levels of either Ca or P or both (n = 10 birds per treatment group and strain) in order to stimulate intrinsic mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. Jejunal transcriptome profiles and the systemic endocrine regulation of mineral homeostasis were assessed (n = 80). RESULTS Endogenous mechanisms to maintain mineral homeostasis in response to variations in the supply of Ca and P were effective in both laying hen strains. However, the LSL and LB appeared to adopt different molecular pathways, as shown by circulating vitamin D levels and strain-specific transcriptome patterns. Responses in LSL indicated altered proliferation rates of intestinal cells as well as adaptive responses at the level of paracellular transport and immunocompetence. Endogenous mechanisms in LB appeared to involve a restructuring of the epithelium, which may allow adaptation of absorption capacity via improved micro-anatomical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that LSL and LB hens may exhibit different Ca, P, and vitamin D requirements, which have so far been neglected in the supply recommendations. There is a demand for trial data showing the mechanisms of endogenous factors of Ca and P homeostasis, such as vitamin D, at local and systemic levels in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Reyer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm- Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Oster
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm- Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm- Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm- Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Adewunmi O Omotoso
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm- Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Muhammad A Iqbal
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm- Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Muráni
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm- Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Vera Sommerfeld
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm- Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig- Weg 7, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
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Mineral Phosphorus Supply in Piglets Impacts the Microbial Composition and Phytate Utilization in the Large Intestine. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061197. [PMID: 34205896 PMCID: PMC8227959 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A sufficient supply of phosphorus (P) to pigs in livestock farming is based on the optimal use of plant-based phytate and mineral P supplements to ensure proper growth processes and bone stability. However, a high P supplementation might bear the risk of higher environmental burden due to the occurrence of excess P and phytate degradation products in manure. In this context, the intestinal microbiota is of central importance to increase P solubility, to employ non-mineral P by the enzymatic degradation of phytate, and to metabolize residual P. A feeding experiment was conducted in which piglets were fed diets with different P levels, resulting in three groups with low, medium (covering requirements), and high concentrations of available P. Samples from caecum and colon digesta were analysed for microbial composition and phytate breakdown to estimate the microbial contribution to metabolize P sources. In terms of identified operational taxonomic units (OTU), caecum and colon digesta under the three feeding schemes mainly overlap in their core microbiome. Nevertheless, different microbial families correlate with increased dietary P supply. Specifically, microbes of Desulfovibrionaceae, Pasteurellaceae, Anaerovoracaceae, and Methanobacteriaceae were found significantly differentially abundant in the large intestine across the dietary treatments. Moreover, members of the families Veillonellaceae, Selenomonadaceae, and Succinivibrionaceae might contribute to the observed phytate degradation in animals fed a low P diet. In this sense, the targeted manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by feeding measures offers possibilities for the optimization of intestinal phytate and P utilization.
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Penuelas J, Janssens IA, Ciais P, Obersteiner M, Sardans J. Anthropogenic global shifts in biospheric N and P concentrations and ratios and their impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem productivity, food security, and human health. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1962-1985. [PMID: 31912629 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The availability of carbon (C) from high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and anthropogenic release of nitrogen (N) is increasing, but these increases are not paralleled by increases in levels of phosphorus (P). The current unstoppable changes in the stoichiometries of C and N relative to P have no historical precedent. We describe changes in P and N fluxes over the last five decades that have led to asymmetrical increases in P and N inputs to the biosphere. We identified widespread and rapid changes in N:P ratios in air, soil, water, and organisms and important consequences to the structure, function, and biodiversity of ecosystems. A mass-balance approach found that the combined limited availability of P and N was likely to reduce C storage by natural ecosystems during the remainder of the 21st Century, and projected crop yields of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment indicated an increase in nutrient deficiency in developing regions if access to P fertilizer is limited. Imbalances of the N:P ratio would likely negatively affect human health, food security, and global economic and geopolitical stability, with feedbacks and synergistic effects on drivers of global environmental change, such as increasing levels of CO2 , climatic warming, and increasing pollution. We summarize potential solutions for avoiding the negative impacts of global imbalances of N:P ratios on the environment, biodiversity, climate change, food security, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL CEA CNRS UVSQ UPSACLAY, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- Ecosystems Services and Management, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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11
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White JS, Stewart KL, Maskell DL, Diallo A, Traub-Modinger JE, Willoughby NA. Characterization of Pot Ale from a Scottish Malt Whisky Distillery and Potential Applications. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6429-6440. [PMID: 32258878 PMCID: PMC7114139 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Over 2.7 billion liters of pot ale is produced annually as a co-product of Scottish malt whisky, and apart from evaporation to pot ale syrup as a feed, it is primarily treated by anaerobic digestion or land/sea disposal. The aim of this study was to assess pot ale components and their potential applications. The insoluble solid fraction, mainly consisting of yeast, contained 55% protein, and as a protein feed ingredient, this could yield 32,400 tons of feed per annum, although the Cu content of this fraction would need to be monitored. The liquid fraction could yield 33,900 tons of protein per annum, and an SDS-PAGE profile of this fraction demonstrated that the proteins may be similar to those found in beer, which could extend their application as a food ingredient. This fraction also contained phosphorus, potassium, and polyphenols among other components, which could have added value. Overall, fractionation of pot ale could offer an alternative to evaporation to pot ale syrup while retaining the protein fraction in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S. White
- International Centre
for Brewing and Distilling, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
- Horizon
Proteins Ltd., 7-9 North
Saint David Street, Edinburgh EH2 1AW, U.K.
| | - Kelly L. Stewart
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering,
School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Dawn L. Maskell
- International Centre
for Brewing and Distilling, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Aboubakry Diallo
- Horizon
Proteins Ltd., 7-9 North
Saint David Street, Edinburgh EH2 1AW, U.K.
| | | | - Nik A. Willoughby
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering,
School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
- Horizon
Proteins Ltd., 7-9 North
Saint David Street, Edinburgh EH2 1AW, U.K.
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12
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Barquet K, Järnberg L, Rosemarin A, Macura B. Identifying barriers and opportunities for a circular phosphorus economy in the Baltic Sea region. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115433. [PMID: 31887547 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential elements needed for global food security. However, the phosphate life cycle is currently predominantly linear, from P-rock mining to fertiliser production, agriculture, and food consumption, with the P excess ending up in soil and runoff. Eutrophication coupled with limited global commercial phosphorus reserves call for increased efforts toward creating a circular economy for P in many populated drainage basins such as the Baltic Sea region. To identify barriers and opportunities for such a transition, we employ an analytical framework that merges an innovation systems perspective with elements from the socio-technical transitions literature. Combining a literature review with key informant interviews, we find that lack of appropriate policy steering and insufficient knowledge on the performance of technologies for reuse remain key obstacles for closing the P loop. There are, however, structural opportunities presented by the new EU Fertilising Products Regulation that are likely to level the playing field between conventional and waste-derived fertilisers and thereby improve the market opportunities for recovered P. However, the system currently appears to be moving towards a narrow focus on a few new technologies for P recovery and reuse which could lead to new lock-ins. Solutions need to address users' acceptability of the technologies and waste-derived products while the vision of a circular economy needs to be better articulated through government interventions to capture environmental externalities of phosphate mining. The paper further highlights knowledge gaps and proposes recommendations for policy and research related to the circular economy of P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barquet
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnégatan 87D, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Linn Järnberg
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnégatan 87D, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Arno Rosemarin
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnégatan 87D, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Biljana Macura
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnégatan 87D, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Wubuli A, Reyer H, Muráni E, Ponsuksili S, Wolf P, Oster M, Wimmers K. Tissue-Wide Gene Expression Analysis of Sodium/Phosphate Co-Transporters in Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225576. [PMID: 31717287 PMCID: PMC6888643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium/phosphate co-transporters are considered to be important mediators of phosphorus (P) homeostasis. The expression of specific sodium/phosphate co-transporters is routinely used as an immediate response to dietary interventions in different species. However, a general understanding of their tissue-specificity is required to elucidate their particular contribution to P homeostasis. In this study, the tissue-wide gene expression status of all currently annotated sodium/phosphate co-transporters were investigated in two pig trials focusing on a standard commercial diet (trial 1) or divergent P-containing diets (trial 2). A wide range of tissues including the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, and colon), kidney, liver, bone, muscle, lung, and aorta were analyzed. Both trials showed consistent patterns in the overall tissue-specific expression of P transporters. While SLC34A2 was considered as the most important intestinal P transporter in other species including humans, SLC34A3 appeared to be the most prominent intestinal P transporter in pigs. In addition, the P transporters of the SLC17 family showed basal expression in the pig intestine and might have a contribution to P homeostasis. The expression patterns observed in the distal colon provide evidence that the large intestine may also be relevant for intestinal P absorption. A low dietary P supply induced higher expressions of SLC20A1, SLC20A2, SLC34A1, and SLC34A3 in the kidney cortex. The results suggest that the expression of genes encoding transcellular P transporters is tissue-specific and responsive to dietary P supply, while underlying regulatory mechanisms require further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisanjiang Wubuli
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.W.); (H.R.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (M.O.)
| | - Henry Reyer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.W.); (H.R.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (M.O.)
| | - Eduard Muráni
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.W.); (H.R.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (M.O.)
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.W.); (H.R.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (M.O.)
| | - Petra Wolf
- Nutrition Physiology and Animal Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6b, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Michael Oster
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.W.); (H.R.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (M.O.)
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.W.); (H.R.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (M.O.)
- Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 7, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38208-68600
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