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Dal Fovo A, Martínez-Weinbaum M, Oujja M, Castillejo M, Fontana R. Reflectance Spectroscopy as a Novel Tool for Thickness Measurements of Paint Layers. Molecules 2023; 28:4683. [PMID: 37375238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in heritage science is the non-invasive cross-sectional analysis of paintings. When low-energy probes are used, the presence of opaque media can significantly hinder the penetration of incident radiation, as well as the collection of the backscattered signal. Currently, no technique is capable of uniquely and noninvasively measuring the micrometric thickness of heterogeneous materials, such as pictorial layers, for any painting material. The aim of this work was to explore the possibility of extracting stratigraphic information from reflectance spectra obtained by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). We tested the proposed approach on single layers of ten pure acrylic paints. The chemical composition of each paint was first characterised by micro-Raman and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopies. The spectral behaviour was analysed by both Fibre Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) and Vis-NIR multispectral reflectance imaging. We showed that there is a clear correlation between the spectral response of acrylic paint layers and their micrometric thickness, which was previously measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Based on significant spectral features, exponential functions of reflectance vs. thickness were obtained for each paint, which can be used as calibration curves for thickness measurements. To the best of our knowledge, similar approaches for cross-sectional measurements of paint layers have never been tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dal Fovo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), Largo E. Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Martínez-Weinbaum
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohamed Oujja
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Castillejo
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaella Fontana
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), Largo E. Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy
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Fanost A, de Viguerie L, Ducouret G, Mériguet G, Walter P, Glanville H, Rollet AL, Jaber M. Connecting Rheological Properties and Molecular Dynamics of Egg-Tempera Paints based on Egg Yolk. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112108. [PMID: 34816554 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Egg-tempera painting is a pictorial technique widely used in the Middle Ages, although poorly studied in its physico-chemical aspects until now. Here we show how NMR relaxometry and rheology can be combined to probe egg-tempera paints and shed new light on their structure and behavior. Based on recipes of the 15th century, model formulations with egg yolk and green earth have been reproduced to characterize the physicochemical properties of this paint at the mesoscopic and macroscopic scales. The rheological measurements highlight a synergetic effect between green earth and egg yolk, induced by the interactions between them and the structural organisation of the system. 1 H NMR relaxometry emphasizes the presence and the structure of a network formed by the yolk and the pigment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Fanost
- Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale LAMS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France, 4 pl. Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France.,laboratoire PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, PHENIX, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 pl. Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurence de Viguerie
- Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale LAMS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France, 4 pl. Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Guylaine Ducouret
- Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Mériguet
- laboratoire PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, PHENIX, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 pl. Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Walter
- Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale LAMS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France, 4 pl. Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Helen Glanville
- Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale LAMS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France, 4 pl. Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Rollet
- laboratoire PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, PHENIX, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 pl. Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Maguy Jaber
- Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale LAMS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France, 4 pl. Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
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Fanost A, Viguerie L, Ducouret G, Mériguet G, Walter P, Glanville H, Rollet A, Jaber M. Connecting Rheological Properties and Molecular Dynamics of Egg‐Tempera Paints based on Egg Yolk. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Fanost
- Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale LAMS Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France 4 pl. Jussieu F-75005 Paris France
- laboratoire PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, PHENIX Sorbonne Université, CNRS 4 pl. Jussieu F-75005 Paris France
| | - Laurence Viguerie
- Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale LAMS Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France 4 pl. Jussieu F-75005 Paris France
| | - Guylaine Ducouret
- Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle ESPCI Paris, Université PSL CNRS Sorbonne Université 75005 Paris France
| | - Guillaume Mériguet
- laboratoire PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, PHENIX Sorbonne Université, CNRS 4 pl. Jussieu F-75005 Paris France
| | - Philippe Walter
- Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale LAMS Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France 4 pl. Jussieu F-75005 Paris France
| | - Helen Glanville
- Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale LAMS Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France 4 pl. Jussieu F-75005 Paris France
| | - Anne‐Laure Rollet
- laboratoire PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, PHENIX Sorbonne Université, CNRS 4 pl. Jussieu F-75005 Paris France
| | - Maguy Jaber
- Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale LAMS Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France 4 pl. Jussieu F-75005 Paris France
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Oujja M, Agua F, Sanz M, Morales-Martin D, García-Heras M, Villegas MA, Castillejo M. Multiphoton Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy and Spectroscopic Multianalytical Approach for Characterization of Historical Glass Grisailles. Talanta 2021; 230:122314. [PMID: 33934779 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The preservation of the integrity of artworks and cultural heritage items during characterization and conservation operations is of high priority, therefore, the application of non-invasive techniques is commonly suggested and recommended. Nonlinear optical microscopies (NLOM), based on the use of tightly focused pulsed femtosecond lasers, are emerging techniques for structural and chemical analysis of heritage objects with micrometric lateral and axial resolution. The results obtained with a set of optical and spectroscopic techniques for the chemical and physical characterization of grisaille paint layers on historical stained glasses, from different chronologies and provenance in Spain, are presented in this work. Optical behaviour and chemical composition were investigated by NLOM, using a laboratory set-up in the modality of Multi-Photon Excitation Fluorescence (MPEF), and by a multi-analytical combination of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (FESEM-EDS), Laser Induced Breakdown Spectrosocopy (LIBS) and Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). Thicknesses values of the historical grisaille paint layers measured with MPEF were compared with those retrieved through FESEM, showing significant consistency and agreement. Under proper conditions, analysis via MPEF microscopy avoids the photochemical and physical damage to the examined materials, thus ensuring their preservation. This approach paves the way for future in-situ, non-invasive stratigraphic investigations on cultural heritage objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oujja
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC), C/ Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Agua
- Instituto de Historia (CSIC), C/ Albasanz 26-28, 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sanz
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC), C/ Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Física Interdisciplinar, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Senda Del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Morales-Martin
- Instituto de Historia (CSIC), C/ Albasanz 26-28, 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - M García-Heras
- Instituto de Historia (CSIC), C/ Albasanz 26-28, 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Villegas
- Instituto de Historia (CSIC), C/ Albasanz 26-28, 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Castillejo
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC), C/ Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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