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Cadonic IG, Heath JW, Dixon B, Craig PM. Diploid and triploid Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have altered microRNA responses in immune tissues after infection with Vibrio anguillarum. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 48:101121. [PMID: 37634278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Production of sterile fishes through artificial retention of a third set of chromosomes (triploidy) is a sustainable alternative for aquaculture since it reduces escapee pressure on wild populations. However, these fishes have reduced survival in stressful conditions and in response to infection. In this study, the impact of Vibrio anguillarum infection on diploid and triploid Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was investigated to identify if there was any significant immune regulation by microRNAs (miRNA). Small RNAs from hindgut, head kidney, and spleen were sequenced to determine if miRNA transcript abundance was altered due to ploidy and infection in nine-month old full-sibling diploids and triploids. All three tissues had differentially expressed miRNA prior to infection, indicating subtle changes in epigenetic regulation due to increased ploidy. Additionally, miRNA were altered by infection, but there was only a difference in spleen miRNA expression between diploids and triploids at three days of infection. Furthermore, one miRNA (ssa-miR-2188-3p) was confirmed as having an altered response to infection in triploids compared to diploids, implicating potential immune dysregulation due to increased ploidy. The miRNAs identified in this study are predicted to target immune pathways, providing evidence for their importance in regulating responses to pathogens. This study is the first to investigate how increased ploidy alters miRNA expression in response to infection. Additionally, it provides evidence for epigenetic dysregulation in triploid fishes, which may contribute to their poor performance in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan G Cadonic
- Dept. of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. https://twitter.com/@IvanCadonic
| | - John W Heath
- Yellow Island Aquaculture Limited, Heriot Bay, BC. Canada
| | - Brian Dixon
- Dept. of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Paul M Craig
- Dept. of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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Rodrigues ACM, Gravato C, Galvão D, Silva VS, Soares AMVM, Gonçalves JMS, Ellis JR, Vieira RP. Ecophysiological effects of mercury bioaccumulation and biochemical stress in the deep-water mesopredator Etmopterus spinax (Elasmobranchii; Etmopteridae). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127245. [PMID: 34844362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a non-essential metal that can have toxic effects on the fitness of organisms and tends to bioaccumulate with age and to biomagnify in higher trophic levels. Few studies have assessed oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in deep-water sharks. This study evaluated early ontogenetic changes and physiological effects (antioxidant defences, oxidative damage, aerobic metabolism and neurotransmission functions) of Hg accumulation in the white muscle and brain tissues of the velvet belly lantern shark Etmopterus spinax from the southern Iberian coast (NE Atlantic). Results suggested that the low mercury concentrations observed may induce acute effects in E. spinax before they reach sexual maturity. We found different Hg concentrations in E. spinax: [Hg] males > [Hg] females; [Hg] muscle > [Hg] brain. Females appeared to have higher redox capability translated into higher activities and levels of antioxidant defences than males. However, higher levels of oxidative damage were also observed in females. Whilst the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown, these results suggest differences in mercury accumulation between tissues and sex, and potentially deleterious effects on oxidative stress status and neurophysiology of E. spinax, potentially impairing swimming performance and reproduction, which could subsequently impact on the health of both individuals and population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia C M Rodrigues
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810- 193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculdade de Ciências & CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniela Galvão
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810- 193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Virgília S Silva
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810- 193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810- 193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge M S Gonçalves
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Jim R Ellis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Rui P Vieira
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Santana LMBM, Rodrigues ACM, Campos D, Kaczerewska O, Figueiredo J, Silva S, Sousa I, Maia F, Tedim J, Abessa DMS, Pousão-Ferreira P, Candeias-Mendes A, Soares F, Castanho S, Soares AMVM, Rocha RJM, Gravato C, Patrício Silva AL, Martins R. Can the toxicity of polyethylene microplastics and engineered nanoclays on flatfish (Solea senegalensis) be influenced by the presence of each other? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150188. [PMID: 34798736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and nanomaterials are applied in a myriad of commercial and industrial applications. When leaked to natural environments, such small particles might threaten living organisms' health, particularly when considering their potential combination that remains poorly investigated. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical effects of polyethylene (PE; 64-125 μm in size, 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mg·L-1) single and combined with an engineered nanomaterial applied in antifouling coatings, the copper-aluminium layered double hydroxides (Cu-Al LDH; 0.33, 1.0, and 3.33 mg·L-1) in the flatfish Solea senegalensis larvae (8 dph) after 3 h exposure, in a full factorial design. Particles ingestion, histopathology, and biochemical biomarkers were assessed. Fish larvae presented <1 PE particles in their gut, independently of their concentration in the medium. The histological health index showed minimal pathological alterations at PE combined exposure, with a higher value observed at 1 mg LDH·L-1 × 0.1 mg PE·L-1. Gut deformity and increased antioxidant defences (catalase), neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase), and aerobic energy production (electron transport system) were observed at PE ≥ 1.0 mg·L-1. No oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation) or alterations in the detoxification capacity (glutathione-S-transferase) was observed on single and combined exposures. PE, combined or not with Cu-Al LDH, does not seem to compromise larvae's homeostasis considering levels reported so far in the marine and aquaculture environments. However, harsh effects are expected with MP contamination rise, as projections suggest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia M B M Santana
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Campos
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olga Kaczerewska
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sousa
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Frederico Maia
- Smallmatek-Small Materials and Technologies, Lda., Rua Canhas, 3810-075 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Tedim
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Denis M S Abessa
- Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO - Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ana Candeias-Mendes
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO - Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Florbela Soares
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO - Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Sara Castanho
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO - Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui J M Rocha
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculty of Sciences and CESAM, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana L Patrício Silva
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Roberto Martins
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Are Microplastics Impairing Marine Fish Larviculture?—Preliminary Results with Argyrosomus regius. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of small-sized (<300 µm) microplastics (MPs) in aquaculture facilities may threaten finfish hatchery, as their (in)voluntary ingestion by fish larvae may compromise nutritional requirements during early ontogeny, and consequently larval health and performance. Thus, we addressed the short-term effects (7 h) of polyethylene microplastics (0.1, 1.0, 10 mg/L, PE-MPs) in meagre larvae Argyrosomus regius (15 dph) in the presence/absence of food. Larval feeding behavior, oxidative stress status, neurotoxicity, and metabolic requirements were evaluated. Results showed that meagre larvae ingested PE-MPs regardless of their concentration, decreasing in the presence of food (Artemia metanauplii). The presence of PE-MPs compromised larval feeding activity at the highest concentration. Under starvation, exposed larvae activated the antioxidant defenses by increasing the total glutathione levels and inhibiting catalase activity, which seemed efficient to prevent oxidative damage. Such larvae also presented increased energy consumption potentially related to oxidative damage prevention and decreased neurotransmission. Biochemical responses of fed larvae showed a similar trend, except for LPO, which remained unaffected, except at 0.1 mg/PE-MPs/L. Our results suggest that small-sized MPs in finfish hatcheries may compromise larvae nutritional requirements, but at considerably higher levels than those reported in marine environments. Nevertheless, cumulative adverse effects due to lower MPs concentrations may occur.
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