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Alnaser AR, Zitoun OA, Saquib J, Rajab TM, Khojah AAA, Almazrou A, Saquib N. Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among professional drivers in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Work 2024; 78:677-685. [PMID: 38277320 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professional drivers in Saudi Arabia may be at increased risk for mental illness because of their expatriate status, long driving hours, and unhealthy lifestyles. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among professional drivers in Saudi Arabia, most of whom are expatriates. METHODS Professional drivers (n = 324) were interviewed after convenient sampling of transportation companies. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to screen for depressive symptoms. Correlates of depressive symptoms were identified using Cox regression with a fixed follow-up time. RESULTS Of the drivers, 20.4% had moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Sleep quality was found to be a significant independent correlate of depressive symptoms. Drivers with poor and fair sleep quality had higher risk of depressive symptoms than drivers with excellent sleep quality (poor: OR = 5.8, CI: 1.95-17.11; fair: OR = 4.5, CI: 1.68-11.96). CONCLUSION The frequency of depressive symptoms among professional drivers in Saudi Arabia is high (one out of five). Companies should consider screening for depressive symptoms and sleep disorders among employees and should provide referrals as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Raed Alnaser
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Zitoun
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juliann Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfik Mamoun Rajab
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrahman Almazrou
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Amir A, Amir B, Alghannam A, Abdeen T, Al-Howaish A, Alsheniber R, Al-Mulhim A, Alfaraj D. Analysis of road traffic injuries presented to the emergency department in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: a hospital-based study. J Med Life 2023; 16:1825-1838. [PMID: 38585522 PMCID: PMC10994613 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of road traffic injuries (RTIs) has contributed to the disability and death of millions of people on both a national and global level. This retrospective study was conducted at King Fahad University Hospital (KFUH), Khobar, Saudi Arabia, and included all patients who presented at the emergency department due to road traffic accidents (RTAs) between January 1st, 2022, and December 31st, 2022. Patient data was retrieved from the health information system at KFUH. Descriptive and inferential analysis were performed with several variables analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and factorial ANOVA (MANOVA). During this period, 921 patients were treated at the hospital's emergency department. Of these, 611 (66.3%) were men and 310 (33.7%) were women. The most frequently affected age group was 16-25, representing 427 (46.4%) cases. Most patients were Saudi citizens (837, 90.9%). Among the patients, 19 (2.1%) required surgical treatment within 24 hours of the RTA, and 29 (3.1%) were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). There were eight fatalities, representing 0.9% of the cases. January had the highest number of RTAs (12.7%). Moreover, 463 individuals (50.3%) had some form of injury, the most common type being lacerations and abrasions (n=228, 24.8%). Upper limb fractures were the most frequent type of fracture, occurring in 73 cases (7.9%). Being male (P=0.001), non-Saudi (P=0.014), and experiencing accidents during June and July (P=0.002) were associated with an increased prevalence of injury. Mortality had a statistically significant relationship with different patient age groups (P=0.014), patient citizenship (P=0.005), and length of hospital stay (P<0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaar Amir
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baraa Amir
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Alghannam
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq Abdeen
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Howaish
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Alsheniber
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Mulhim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dunya Alfaraj
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Sheykhfard A, Qin X, Shaaban K, Koppel S. An exploration of the role of driving experience on self-reported and real-world aberrant driving behaviors. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 178:106873. [PMID: 36306720 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A significant proportion of global road crashes are attributed to unsafe driving behaviors. The current study aimed to explore potential differences in driving behaviors across experienced and novice drivers using two separate approaches; a questionnaire study and an instrumented vehicle study (IVS). The analysis of 260 questionnaires and 1,372 traffic interactions within the IVS revelated that driving experience affects driving performance for different driving tasks. Factor analysis of the questionnaire data revealed the impact of driving errors, lapses, violations, and aggressive violations on the behavior of novice and experienced drivers. Behavioral models of novice and experienced drivers encountering other road users were determined using binary logistic regression. The results showed that novice drivers were more likely to engage in driving violations while experienced drivers were more likely to engage in aggressive violations. Unauthorized speeding, zigzag movements, using a mobile phone while driving, and unauthorized overtaking on roads were the most frequent driving violations by novice drivers. The most frequent aggressive violations by experienced drivers were tempting other drivers to create a race and chasing other drivers. These findings may be used as a framework to facilitate safer driving behaviors by reducing errors, lapses, violations and aggressive violations, and facilitating safety-promoting attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Sheykhfard
- Department of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Mazandaran 4714871167, Iran.
| | - Xiao Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, NWQ4414, P.O. Box 784, Milwaukee, WI 53201, United States
| | - Khaled Shaaban
- Department of Engineering, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84058, United States
| | - Sjaan Koppel
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, 21 Alliance Lane, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
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Alhomoud M, AlSaleh E, Alzaher B. Car accidents and risky driving behaviors among young drivers from the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2022; 23:471-477. [PMID: 35998073 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In 2019, road traffic injuries were the second leading cause of death in Saudi Arabia, affecting people of all ages. While multiple factors contribute to crashes, studies highlight the role of risky driving in increasing the chances of car crashes occurring. This study examined the one-year frequency of car crashes and risky driving behaviors among young drivers of both sexes in the Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, as well as the possible related factors and predictors that contribute toward high car crash rates.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and February 2022 at AlAsala Colleges among young drivers aged 18 years and above. A total of 424 students were selected using stratified random sampling and answered an anonymous, self-administered, structured web-based questionnaire and the Arabic version of the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ).Results: Car crashes were reported by 26.4% of young male and 19.3% of young female drivers. Male drivers were more aggressive and exhibited more speeding-related behaviors than female drivers, regardless of slight sex differences in unsafe driving behavior. Driving experience, along with other driving characteristics and DBQ items, was found to be significantly associated with road crashes. Furthermore, the type of car, traffic violations, using a phone while driving via headphones, and a distraction-related factor, were all predictive of crash involvement.Conclusions: Young Saudi male drivers were slightly more likely to have car crashes and engage in risky driving practices than young female drivers. Various factors that are related with and predict crashes should be addressed by a collaborative multi-layered strategic plan, with interventions at several levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alhomoud
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Al Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa AlSaleh
- Infection Control General Department, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Alzaher
- Department of Psychology, Erada Complex and Mental Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Driver Behavior and Intention Recognition Based on Wavelet Denoising and Bayesian Theory. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Driver behavior and intention recognition affects traffic safety. Many scholars use the steering wheel angle, distance of the brake pedal, distance of the accelerator pedal, and turn signal as input data to identify driver behaviors and intentions. However, in terms of time, the acquisition of these parameters has a relative delay, which lengthens the identification time. Therefore, this study uses drivers’ EEG (electroencephalograph) data as input parameters to identify driver behaviors and intentions. The key to the driving intention recognition of EEG signals is to reduce their noise. Noise interference has a significant influence on EEG driving intention recognition. To substantially denoise EEG signals, this study selects wavelet transform theory and wavelet packet transform technology, collects the EEG signals during driving, uses the threshold noise reduction method on EEG signals to reduce noise, and achieves noise reduction through wavelet packet reconstruction. After the wavelet packet coefficients of EEG signals are obtained, the energy characteristics of the wavelet packet coefficients are extracted as input to the Bayesian theoretical model for driver behavior and intention recognition. Results show that the maximum recognition rate of the Bayesian theoretical model reaches 82.6%. Early driver behavior and intention recognition has important research significance for traffic safety and sustainable traffic development.
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Towards Sustainable Road Safety in Saudi Arabia: Exploring Traffic Accident Causes Associated with Driving Behavior Using a Bayesian Belief Network. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14106315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the causes and effects of road accidents is critical for developing road and action plans in a country. The causation hypothesis elucidates how accidents occur and may be applied to accident analysis to more precisely anticipate, prevent, and manage road safety programs. Driving behavior is a critical factor to consider when determining the causes of traffic accidents. Inappropriate driving behaviors are a set of acts taken on the roadway that can result in aberrant conditions that may result in road accidents. In this study, using Al-Ahsa city in Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province as a case study, a Bayesian belief network (BBN) model was established by incorporating an expectation–maximization algorithm. The model examines the relationships between indicator variables with a special focus on driving behavior to measure the uncertainty associated with accident outcomes. The BBN was devised to analyze intentional and unintentional driving behaviors that cause different types of accidents and accident severities. The results showed when considering speeding alone, there is a 26% likelihood that collision will occur; this is a 63% increase over the initial estimate. When brake failure was considered in addition to speeding, the likelihood of a collision jumps from 26% to 33%, more than doubling the chance of a collision when compared to the initial value. These findings demonstrated that the BBN model was capable of efficiently investigating the complex linkages between driver behavior and the accident causes that are inherent in road accidents.
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"Motorcycle Ambulance" Policy to Promote Health and Sustainable Development in Large Cities. Prehosp Disaster Med 2021; 37:78-83. [PMID: 34913423 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x21001345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motorcycles can be considered a new form of smart vehicle when taking into account their small and modern structure and due to the fact that nowadays, they are used in the new role of ambulance to rapidly reach emergency patients in large cities with traffic congestion. However, there is no study regarding the measuring of access time for motorcycle ambulances (motorlances) in large cities of Thailand. STUDY OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare access times to patients between motorlances and conventional ambulances, including analysis of the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) installed on motorlances to contribute to the sustainable development of public health policies. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on all motorlance operations in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) at Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand from January 2019 through December 2020. Data were recorded using a national standard operation record form for Thailand. RESULTS Two hundred seventy-one motorlance operations were examined over a two-year period. A total of 52.4% (N = 142) of the patients were male. The average times from dispatch to vehicle (motorlance and traditional ambulance) being en route (activation time) for motorlance and ambulance in afternoon shift were 0.59 minutes and 1.45 minutes, respectively (P = .004). The average motorlance response time in the afternoon shift was 6.12 minutes, and ambulance response time was 9.10 minutes at the same shift. Almost all of the motorlance operations (97.8%) were found to have no access to AED equipment installed in public areas. The average time from dispatch to AED arrival on scene (AED access time) was 5.02 minutes. CONCLUSION The response time of motorlances was shorter than a conventional ambulance, and the use of AEDs on a motorlance can increase the chances of survival for patients with cardiac arrest outside the hospital in public places where AEDs are not available.
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