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Biney M, Gusiatin MZ. Biochar from Co-Pyrolyzed Municipal Sewage Sludge (MSS): Part 2: Biochar Characterization and Application in the Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3850. [PMID: 39124513 PMCID: PMC11314058 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The disposal of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) from wastewater treatment plants poses a major environmental challenge due to the presence of inorganic and organic pollutants. Co-pyrolysis, in which MSS is thermally decomposed in combination with biomass feedstocks, has proven to be a promising method to immobilize inorganic pollutants, reduce the content of organic pollutants, reduce the toxicity of biochar and improve biochar's physical and chemical properties. This part of the review systematically examines the effects of various co-substrates on the physical and chemical properties of MSS biochar. This review also addresses the effects of the pyrolysis conditions (temperature and mixing ratio) on the content and stability of the emerging pollutants in biochar. Finally, this review summarizes the results of recent studies to provide an overview of the current status of the application of MSS biochar from pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis for the remediation of HM-contaminated soils. This includes consideration of the soil and heavy metal types, experimental conditions, and the efficiency of HM immobilization. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of MSS biochar for environmental sustainability and offers insights into future research directions for optimizing biochar applications in soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz Z. Gusiatin
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna Str. 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Halalsheh M, Shatanawi K, Shawabkeh R, Kassab G, Mohammad H, Adawi M, Ababneh S, Abdullah A, Ghantous N, Balah N, Almomani S. Impact of temperature and residence time on sewage sludge pyrolysis for combined carbon sequestration and energy production. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28030. [PMID: 38596039 PMCID: PMC11002555 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental challenges related to sewage sludge call for urgent sustainable management of this resource. Sludge pyrolysis might be considered as a sustainable technology and is anticipated to support measures for mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration. The end products of the process have various applications, including the agricultural utilization of biochar, as well as the energy exploitation of bio-oil and syngas. In this research, sewage sludge was pyrolyzed at 500 °C, 600 °C, 750 °C, and 850 °C. At each temperature, pyrolysis was explored at 1hr, 2hrs, and 3hrs residence times. The ratio (H/Corg)at was tapped to imply organic carbon stability and carbon sequestration potential. Optimum operating conditions were achieved at 750 °C and 2hrs residence time. Produced biochar had (H/Corg)at ratio of 0.54, while nutrients' contents based on dry weight were 3.99%, 3.2%, and 0.6% for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK), respectively. Electrical conductivity of biochar was lesser than the feed sludge. Heavy metals in biochar aligned with the recommended values of the International Biochar Initiative. Heat content of condensable and non-condensable volatiles was sufficient to maintain the temperature of the furnace provided that PYREG process is considered. However, additional energy source is demanded for sludge drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Halalsheh
- Water, Energy and Environment Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - K. Shatanawi
- Civil Engineering Department, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - R. Shawabkeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - G. Kassab
- Civil Engineering Department, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - H. Mohammad
- Water, Energy and Environment Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - M. Adawi
- Water, Energy and Environment Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - S. Ababneh
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
| | - A. Abdullah
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
| | - N. Ghantous
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
| | - N. Balah
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
| | - S. Almomani
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
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Chemical Fractionations of Lead and Zinc in the Contaminated Soil Amended with the Blended Biochar/Apatite. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228044. [PMID: 36432143 PMCID: PMC9698809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in agricultural land is an alarming issue in Vietnam. It is necessary to develop suitable remediation methods for environmental and farming purposes. The present study investigated the effectiveness of using peanut shell-derived biochar to remediate the two heavy metals Zn and Pb in laboratory soil assays following Tessier’s sequential extraction procedure. The concentration of heavy metals was analyzed using Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This study also compared the effectiveness of the blend of biochar and apatite applied and the mere biochar amendment on the chemical fractions of Pb and Zn in the contaminated agricultural soil. Results have shown that the investigated soil was extremely polluted by Pb (3047.8 mg kg−1) and Zn (2034.3 mg kg−1). In addition, the pH, organic carbon, and electrical conductivity values of amended soil samples increased with the increase in the amendment’s ratios. The distribution of heavy metals in soil samples was in the descending order of carbonate fraction (F2) > residue fraction (F5) > exchangeable fraction (F1) > Fe/Mn oxide fraction (F3) > organic fraction (F4) for Pb and F5 ≈ F2 > F1 > F3 > F4 for Zn. The peanut shell-derived biochar produced at 400 °C and 600 °C amended at a 10% ratio (PB4:10 and PB6:10) could significantly reduce the exchangeable fraction Zn from 424.82 mg kg−1 to 277.69 mg kg−1 and 302.89 mg kg−1, respectively, and Pb from 495.77 mg kg−1 to 234.55 mg kg−1 and 275.15 mg kg−1, respectively, and immobilize them in soil. Amending the biochar and apatite combination increased the soil pH, then produced a highly negative charge on the soil surface and facilitated Pb and Zn adsorption. This study shows that the amendment of biochar and biochar blended with apatite could stabilize Pb and Zn fractions, indicating the potential of these amendments to remediate Pb and Zn in contaminated soil.
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Wakudkar H, Jain S. A holistic overview on corn cob biochar: A mini-review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1143-1155. [PMID: 34994258 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211069741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Corn cob is one of the agricultural waste materials subjected to improper burning, which creates pollution. It can be used for the production of green technologies for further applications. Carbonisation or slow pyrolysis could be promising alternative to burning. It has many applications, such as soil ameliorant, waste water treatment, carbon sequestration, composting, supercapacitor, fuel cell and biocomposites material. It motivated to investigate the suitability of corn cob as a potential material for biochar production and its application. The advanced form of analysis, such as thermogravimetric, scanning electron microscopy, surface area, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, is elaborated for in-depth knowledge of characteristics. The hypothesis is that if the available corn cob is used for biochar production, it will reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. On a global level, conversion of available corn cob into biochar is expected to reduce CO2 emission by 0.13 Gt per year. The reduction in CO2 emission also favours economy. If 1 tonne of biomass per year is converted into biochar, 0.82 tonnes of CO2 can be reduced per year and by considering the emission cost of Rs 1800 per tonne, the cost saving would be Rs 1476 per year. The presented mini-review article provides an outline of the state-of-art information on corn cob biochar and its novel application. It will be helpful to scientific domain to find new opportunities in biochar research and also the humanity will be benefitted due to reduction in greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Wakudkar
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology (MPUAT), Udaipur, India
| | - Sudhir Jain
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology (MPUAT), Udaipur, India
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Acidified Biochar Confers Improvement in Quality and Yield Attributes of Sufaid Chaunsa Mango in Saline Soil. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mango fruit quality plays a significant role in fruit storage. It also directly affects the economic value of fruit in the national and international markets. However, deterioration of soil health due to low organic matter is a major hurdle for mango growers. Scientists suggest incorporation of organic matter. However, high temperature and low precipitation lead to oxidation of organic residues in soil. On the other hand, biochar is gaining the attention of growers due to its resistance against decomposition. It can improve soil physicochemical attributes. Limited literature is available regarding biochar effects on the quality attributes of mango. Therefore, the current study was planned to investigate the effects of acidified biochar on mango quality and yield attributes in alkaline soil. Five levels of biochar, i.e., 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 Mg/ha, were applied in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results showed that 20 and 40 Mg/ha acidified biochar significantly enhanced fruit retention, sugar contents, ash contents and TSS of mango compared to control. A significant increase in mango fruit weight and yield per plant validated the efficacious role of 40 Mg/ha acidified biochar over control. Furthermore, the maximum significant decrease in fruit juice acidity signified the imperative functioning of 40 Mg/ha acidified biochar in alkaline soil. In conclusion, 40 Mg/ha acidified biochar application can improve mango quality and yield attributes in alkaline soil. More investigations on different soil types, climatic zones and mango varieties are recommended to declare 40 Mg/ha acidified biochar as the best treatment for improvement in the quality and yield of mango fruit in alkaline soils.
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Application of biochar and inorganic phosphorus fertilizer influenced rhizosphere soil characteristics, nodule formation and phytoconstituents of cowpea grown on tropical soil. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05255. [PMID: 33088981 PMCID: PMC7566107 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of biochar alone or co-applied with triple superphosphate on rhizosphere soil characteristics, nodule formation, phytoconstituents and antioxidant property of cowpea (Vigna uguiculata) is yet to be adequately examined in sub Saharan Africa. A field experiment was conducted where cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) was grown in a tropical sandy loam soil amended with biochar at 1.5 t ha−1 and 2.5 t ha−1 solely or together with inorganic phosphate fertilizer (Triple superphosphate), applied at a rate of 60 kg P ha −1. At 50% flowering, changes in selected rhizosphere soil properties (pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity), nodule count, phytochemicals (phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins) and antioxidant property of cowpea roots and leaves were determined by standard laboratory procedures. Differences between means of the measured parameters were established using ANOVA, and relationships among the parameters were explored using Pearson correlation (p < 0.05). Addition of biochar solely or in combination with TSP significantly (p < 0.05) increased soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and root nodule count. Flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, saponin, tannin contents and antioxidant activity in the roots and leaves were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the amended soils compared with the unamended soil. Similarly, soil flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids and antioxidant activity were significantly higher in amended soils compared with control. Significant, positive inter and intra correlation with varying strength was found between soil properties, nodule number and phytoconstituents. This is an indication that biochar can be co-applied with triple superphosphate to sustain soil fertility, improve nodulation and enhance concentrations of phytoconstituents in soil, cowpea roots and leaves.
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Olszyk D, Shiroyama T, Novak J, Cantrell K, Sigua G, Watts D, Johnson MG. Biochar affects growth and shoot nitrogen in four crops for two soils. AGROSYSTEMS, GEOSCIENCES & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 3:1-22. [PMID: 35875186 PMCID: PMC9301614 DOI: 10.1002/agg2.20067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To address the need for information on biochar effects on crop growth and nitrogen (N), a greenhouse study was conducted with carrot, lettuce, soybean, and sweet corn using sandy loam (Coxville series) and loamy sand (Norfolk series) soils and a variety of biochars. Biochar was produced from pine chips (PC), poultry litter (PL), swine solids (SS), switchgrass (SG), and two blends of PC plus PL (50/50% [55] and 80/20% [82], wt/wt), with each feedstock pyrolyzed at 350, 500, or 700 °C. The results confirmed that biochar can increase crop growth; however, the responses varied with crop, soil, and feedstock and to a lesser extent with pyrolysis temperature. In general, lettuce had large increases in shoot and root dry weights vs. no-biochar controls with many biochars, primarily the SS and 55 blend and to a lesser extent with 82 followed by PL, and then PC and SG, especially when grown in the Coxville soil. Biochar had more limited effects on carrot, sweet corn, and soybean weights. Some biochars decreased crop growth (e.g., PL at 700 °C) for soybean shoot and pod dry weights with the Norfolk soil. Shoot N concentrations decreased with SS, 55, and 82 for carrot, lettuce, and sweet corn with the Norfolk soil but tended to increase for soybean. Shoot N uptake increased or decreased depending on biochar feedstock and temperature, crop, and soil. These results confirm that biochar can increase crop growth and affect shoot N, which is essential for crop growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Olszyk
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, USEPA, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Tamotsu Shiroyama
- Senior Environmental Employment Program, National Asian Pacific Center, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Jeffrey Novak
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Keri Cantrell
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Gilbert Sigua
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Donald Watts
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Mark G. Johnson
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, USEPA, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
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Role of Nutrient-Enriched Biochar as a Soil Amendment during Maize Growth: Exploring Practical Alternatives to Recycle Agricultural Residuals and to Reduce Chemical Fertilizer Demand. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Recycling and value-added utilization of agricultural residues through combining technologies such as anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis could double the recoverable energy, close the nutrient recycle loop, and ensure cleaner agricultural production. This study assessed the beneficial application of biochar to soil to recycle digestate nutrients, improve soil quality, and reduce conventional chemical fertilizer. The addition of digestate-enriched biochar improved soil quality as it provided higher soil organic matter (232%–514%) and macronutrients (110%–230%) as opposed to the unenriched biochar and control treatments. Maize grown in soil amended with digestate-enriched biochar showed a significantly higher biomass yield compared to the control and non-enriched biochar treatments but was slightly lower than yields from chemical fertilizer treatments. The slightly lower yield (20%–25%) achieved from digestate-enriched biochar was attributed to slower mineralization and release of the adsorbed nutrients in the short term. However, digestate-enriched biochar could in the long term become more beneficial in sustaining soil fertility through maintaining high soil organic matter and the gradual release of micronutrients compared to conventional chemical fertilizer. Positive effects on soil micronutrients, macronutrients, organic matter, and biomass yield indicates that enriched biochar could partly replace chemical fertilizers and promote organic farming in a circular economy concept.
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Melo TM, Bottlinger M, Schulz E, Leandro WM, Botelho de Oliveira S, Menezes de Aguiar Filho A, El-Naggar A, Bolan N, Wang H, Ok YS, Rinklebe J. Management of biosolids-derived hydrochar (Sewchar): Effect on plant germination, and farmers' acceptance. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 237:200-214. [PMID: 30798039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization is a promising approach of biosolids management and its utilization as a soil amendment. This study evaluated the physical and chemical properties of hydrothermally converted biosolids (Sewchar) and its effect as a potential soil amendment on the growth of rice, beans, and radish. The germination experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized design using five Sewchar doses (0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 Mg ha-1). The results showed that hydrothermal carbonization influences the physicochemical properties of the biosolids, such as promoting pore structure and trace elements below the threshold values for use in agriculture. The spectroscopic techniques demonstrated higher presence of oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., CO/OH) on surfaces of Sewchar than that of biosolids. The Sewchar doses of 10 Mg ha-1 and 60 Mg ha-1 yielded the highest dry biomass for beans and rice respectively. Increasing Sewchar doses negatively correlated with radish dry biomass, as indicated by linear regression equation fitting (p < 0.05). Thus, biomass responses to Sewchar application into the soil varied with Sewchar dose and type of plant. For a proper environmental management, a survey was conducted to assess farmers' perception and acceptance of Sewchar as a soil amendment. The survey revealed that younger farmers who had higher education qualifications were more prone to use Sewchar as soil amendment. Additionally, farmers who would not use Sewchar as soil amendment attributed the highest level of importance to economic criteria, such as fertilizer and freight prices. In the future, studies on a longer term under field conditions should be performed to elucidate the interactions between Sewchar and soil properties on plant growth and to ensure the safe use of Sewchar as a soil amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Medeiros Melo
- University of Wuppertal, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskichstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Michael Bottlinger
- Trier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, Department of Hydrothermal Carbonization, 55761 Birkenfeld, Germany.
| | - Elke Schulz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Soil Ecology, D-06120, Halle, Germany.
| | - Wilson Mozena Leandro
- Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Department of Agronomy, 74690-900, Goiânia, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Ali El-Naggar
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt.
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ATC Building, Level 1, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskichstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Sejong University, Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Z, Xie L, Liu K, Wang J, Zhu H, Song Q, Shu X. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and cotton stalks. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 89:430-438. [PMID: 31079757 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proper disposal of ever-increasing amounts sewage sludge and cotton stalks is a challenge around the world, and conversion of these wastes into biochars via co-pyrolysis may be a promising solution. In this study, biochars were prepared via co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and cotton stalks with different mixing ratios (cotton stalks/sewage sludge, w/w) at 650 °C for 2.0 h, and then, biochars were characterized to identify their potential agronomic and environmental benefits as soil amendments. Biochars prepared with higher mixing ratios had higher C contents and lower H/C and N/C ratios, which suggests that this approach has potential for improving C storage in biochar-treated soils to help offset greenhouse gas emissions. All biochars were mesoporous materials with an average pore size of 3-4 nm. The specific surface area increases indicated that these biochars would have relatively high water holding capacities and heavy metal adsorption capacities in heavy metal contaminated soils. The high ash contents and cation exchange capacity values in biochars prepared with lower mixing ratios indicate that these products would be useful for enhancing the nutrient supply and nutrient retention capacity in degraded soils. Moreover, the addition of more cotton stalks efficiently decreased the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in the biochars. At a certain level, co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and cotton stalks to produce biochars would have both economic and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipu Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Like Xie
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Petroleum Reserve in Conglomerate, Karamay 834000, China; Research Institute of Experiment and Detection of Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 834000, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Petroleum Reserve in Conglomerate, Karamay 834000, China; Research Institute of Experiment and Detection of Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 834000, China.
| | - Henan Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Song
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Xinqian Shu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China.
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Phytotoxicity of Corncob Biochar before and after Heat Treatment and Washing. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biochar from crop residues such as corncobs can be used for soil amendment, but its negative effects have also been reported. This study aims to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of different biochar treatments and application rates on cress (Lepidium sativum). Corncob biochar was produced via slow pyrolysis without using purging gas. Biochar treatments included fresh biochar (FB), dried biochar (DB), washed biochar (WB), and biochar water extract (WE). Biochar application rates of 10, 20, and 30 t/ha were investigated. Significant phytotoxic effects of biochar were observed on germination rates, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry matter content, while severe toxic effects were identified in FB and WE treatments. Germination rate after 48 h (GR48) decreased with the increase of biochar application rates in all treatments. The observed order of performance of the biochar treatments for germination, shoot length, and shoot fresh weight for every biochar application rate was WB>DB>WE>FB, while it was the reverse order for the shoot dry matter content. WB treatment showed the best performance in reducing the phytotoxicity of biochar. The mitigation of the phytotoxicity in fresh corncob biochar by washing and heat treatment was found to be a simple and effective method.
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Melo TM, Bottlinger M, Schulz E, Leandro WM, Menezes de Aguiar Filho A, Wang H, Ok YS, Rinklebe J. Plant and soil responses to hydrothermally converted sewage sludge (sewchar). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:338-348. [PMID: 29754058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of sewchar and mineral fertilizer on plant responses in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, var. "Jalo precoce") and soil properties in a pot experiment in a completely randomized design with two harvests. The initial treatments consisted of a control, sewchar doses of 4, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha-1 and mineral fertilizer (30 mg N, 90 mg P2O5 and 60 mg K2O kg-1). The treatments (4 replications each) were fertilized with 135 mg P2O5 kg-1 at the second harvest. The sewchar application rates correlated positively with the CEC, the water holding capacity, the availability of Zn, Ca, Fe, Cu, and P, and the concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, total N, total organic carbon and hot water extractable carbon. They correlated negatively with the Mg availability and the soil C: N ratio. Additionally, they correlated positively with the P, Zn and Ca uptake from the soil. For both harvests, the 16 Mg ha-1 sewchar treatment had a total dry matter equivalent to that of the mineral fertilizer. After the second harvest, the 16 Mg ha-1 sewchar treatment revealed 96% higher plant biomass than the control and 79% higher biomass than it did during the first period. The positive effect of sewchar in addition to phosphorous on the plant response and soil properties suggests that the residual effect of sewchar could be a promising alternative as a soil amendment for partly replacing mineral fertilizers. In future, further studies are necessary to evaluate long-term residual effects of sewchar in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Medeiros Melo
- University of Wuppertal, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskichstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Michael Bottlinger
- Trier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, Department of Hydrothermal Carbonization, 55761 Birkenfeld, Germany.
| | - Elke Schulz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Soil Ecology, D-06120, Halle, Germany.
| | - Wilson Mozena Leandro
- Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Department of Agronomy, 74690-900, Goiânia, Brazil.
| | | | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskichstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Waqas M, Shahzad R, Hamayun M, Asaf S, Khan AL, Kang SM, Yun S, Kim KM, Lee IJ. Biochar amendment changes jasmonic acid levels in two rice varieties and alters their resistance to herbivory. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191296. [PMID: 29373575 PMCID: PMC5786292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar addition to soil not only sequesters carbon for the long-term but enhances agricultural productivity. Several well-known benefits arise from biochar amendment, including constant provision of nutrients, increased soil moisture retention, decreased soil bulk density, and sometimes the induction of systemic resistance against foliar and soil borne plant pathogens. However, no research has investigated the potential of biochar to increase resistance against herbivory. The white-backed plant hopper (WBPH) (Sogatella furcifera Horváth) is a serious agricultural pest that targets rice (Oryza sativa L.), a staple crop that feeds half of the world’s human population. Therefore, we investigated the (1) optimization of biochar amendment levels for two rice varieties (‘Cheongcheong’ and ‘Nagdong’) and (2) subsequent effects of different biochar amendments on resistance and susceptibility of these two varieties to WBPH infestation. Initial screening results for the optimization level revealed that the application of biochar 10% (w/w) to the rooting media significantly improved plant physiological characteristics of both rice varieties. However, levels of biochar amendment, mainly 1, 2, 3, and 20%, resulted in negative effects on plant growth characteristics. Cheongcheong and Nagdong rice plants grown with the optimum biochar level showed contrasting reactions to WBPH infestation. Specifically, biochar application significantly increased plant growth characteristics of Nagdong when exposed to WBPH infestation and significantly decreased these characteristics in Cheongcheong. The amount of WBPH-induced damage to plants was significantly lower and higher in Nagdong and Cheongcheong, respectively, compared to that in the controls. Higher levels of jasmonic acid caused by the biochar priming effect could have accumulated in response to WBPH infestation, resulting in a maladaptive response to stress, negatively affecting growth and resistance to WBPH in Cheongcheong. This study highlights the importance of investigating the effects of biochar on different rice varieties before application on a commercial scale to avoid potential crop losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agriculture Extension, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Buner, Pakistan
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sopheap Yun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Characterization and Potential Use of Biochar for the Remediation of Coal Mine Waste Containing Efflorescent Salts. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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