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Hussain A, Rauf A, Ahmed E, Khan MS, Mian SA, Jang J. Modulating Optoelectronic and Elastic Properties of Anatase TiO2 for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073252. [PMID: 37050015 PMCID: PMC10096401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been investigated for solar-energy-driven photoelectrical water splitting due to its suitable band gap, abundance, cost savings, environmental friendliness, and chemical stability. However, its poor conductivity, weak light absorption, and large indirect bandgap (3.2 eV) has limited its application in water splitting. In this study, we precisely targeted these limitations using first-principle techniques. TiO2 only absorbs near-ultraviolet radiation; therefore, the substitution (2.1%) of Ag, Fe, and Co in TiO2 significantly altered its physical properties and shifted the bandgap from the ultraviolet to the visible region. Cobalt (Co) substitution in TiO2 resulted in high absorption and photoconductivity and a low bandgap energy suitable for the reduction in water without the need for external energy. The calculated elastic properties of Co-doped TiO2 indicate the ductile nature of the material with a strong average bond strength. Co-doped TiO2 exhibited fewer microcracks with a mechanically stable composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hussain
- Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering & Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | | | - Joonkyung Jang
- Department of Nano Energy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Querebillo CJ. A Review on Nano Ti-Based Oxides for Dark and Photocatalysis: From Photoinduced Processes to Bioimplant Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:982. [PMID: 36985872 PMCID: PMC10058723 DOI: 10.3390/nano13060982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis on TiO2 nanomaterials in the presence of H2O and oxygen plays a crucial role in the advancement of many different fields, such as clean energy technologies, catalysis, disinfection, and bioimplants. Photocatalysis on TiO2 nanomaterials is well-established and has advanced in the last decades in terms of the understanding of its underlying principles and improvement of its efficiency. Meanwhile, the increasing complexity of modern scientific challenges in disinfection and bioimplants requires a profound mechanistic understanding of both residual and dark catalysis. Here, an overview of the progress made in TiO2 catalysis is given both in the presence and absence of light. It begins with the mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) in TiO2 photocatalysis. This is followed by improvements in their photocatalytic efficiency due to their nanomorphology and states by enhancing charge separation and increasing light harvesting. A subsection on black TiO2 nanomaterials and their interesting properties and physics is also included. Progress in residual catalysis and dark catalysis on TiO2 are then presented. Safety, microbicidal effect, and studies on Ti-oxides for bioimplants are also presented. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives in light of disinfection and bioimplant application are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Joy Querebillo
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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In-silico study of the adsorption of H2, CO and CO2 chemical species on (TiO2)n n=15–20 clusters: The (TiO2)19 case as candidate promising. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 117:108316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Paradisi E, Rosa R, Baldi G, Dami V, Cioni A, Lorenzi G, Leonelli C. Microwave-Assisted Vacuum Synthesis of TiO 2 Nanocrystalline Powders in One-Pot, One-Step Procedure. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:149. [PMID: 35010100 PMCID: PMC8746694 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A new method for fast and simple synthesis of crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles with photocatalytic activity was developed by carrying out a classic sol-gel reaction directly under vacuum. The use of microwaves for fast heating of the reaction medium further reduces synthesis times. When the solvent is completely removed by vacuum, the product is obtained in the form of a powder that can be easily redispersed in water to yield a stable nanoparticle suspension, exhibiting a comparable photocatalytic activity with respect to a commercial product. The present methodology can, therefore, be considered a process intensification procedure for the production of nanotitania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Paradisi
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Roberto Rosa
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Baldi
- Ce.Ri.Col. Colorobbia Research Centre, Colorobbia Consulting S.R.L., 50059 Sovigliana-Vinci, Italy; (G.B.); (V.D.); (A.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Valentina Dami
- Ce.Ri.Col. Colorobbia Research Centre, Colorobbia Consulting S.R.L., 50059 Sovigliana-Vinci, Italy; (G.B.); (V.D.); (A.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Andrea Cioni
- Ce.Ri.Col. Colorobbia Research Centre, Colorobbia Consulting S.R.L., 50059 Sovigliana-Vinci, Italy; (G.B.); (V.D.); (A.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Giada Lorenzi
- Ce.Ri.Col. Colorobbia Research Centre, Colorobbia Consulting S.R.L., 50059 Sovigliana-Vinci, Italy; (G.B.); (V.D.); (A.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Cristina Leonelli
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
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Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry as a Potential Tool for Evaluation of Hydroxylation Degree of Various Types of Titanium Dioxide Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226848. [PMID: 34832250 PMCID: PMC8619251 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For many applications, TiO2 must have a unique surface structure responsible for its desirable physicochemical properties. Therefore the fast and easy methods of TiO2 surface characterization are of great interest. Heated TiO2 samples and dye-modified TiO2 samples were analyzed by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. In the negative ion mode, two types of ions were detected, namely (TiO2)n− and (TiO2)nOH−. It has been established that the samples can be differentiated based on the relative ion abundances, especially with respect to the free hydroxyl group population. It indicates that laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry has the potential for the investigation of the surface properties of various TiO2 materials.
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Lu X, Luo X, Thompson WA, Tan JZY, Maroto-Valer MM. Investigation of carbon dioxide photoreduction process in a laboratory-scale photoreactor by computational fluid dynamic and reaction kinetic modeling. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe production of solar fuels via the photoreduction of carbon dioxide to methane by titanium oxide is a promising process to control greenhouse gas emissions and provide alternative renewable fuels. Although several reaction mechanisms have been proposed, the detailed steps are still ambiguous, and the limiting factors are not well defined. To improve our understanding of the mechanisms of carbon dioxide photoreduction, a multi-physics model was developed using COMSOL. The novelty of this work is the computational fluid dynamic model combined with the novel carbon dioxide photoreduction intrinsic reaction kinetic model, which was built based on three-steps, namely gas adsorption, surface reactions and desorption, while the ultraviolet light intensity distribution was simulated by the Gaussian distribution model and Beer-Lambert model. The carbon dioxide photoreduction process conducted in a laboratory-scale reactor under different carbon dioxide and water moisture partial pressures was then modeled based on the intrinsic kinetic model. It was found that the simulation results for methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen yield match the experiments in the concentration range of 10−4 mol·m−3 at the low carbon dioxide and water moisture partial pressure. Finally, the factors of adsorption site concentration, adsorption equilibrium constant, ultraviolet light intensity and temperature were evaluated.
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Rosas-Garcia VM, Garcia-Pastrana A, Saenz-Tavera IDC. Theoretical Modeling of Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism of Ethylene over TiO2. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 21:144-148. [PMID: 34351862 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of ethylene over TiO2 has been widely studied, however, there are discrepancies between the degradation mechanisms proposed in experimental works. Some of them propose a degradation and mineralization mechanism trough ethoxide, acetaldehyde, acetic acid and finally carbon dioxide, whereas others did not find acetaldehyde or acetic acid, but formaldehyde and formic acid as intermediaries in the same process through the presence of the formyl radical HCOO on the catalyst surface. Through ab initio calculations it is possible to analyze the published experimental mechanisms in order to theoretically assess their feasibility and establish the possible reaction intermediaries and generated products. In this work, we used the Density Functional Theory based method DFT-RPBE/ 6-31G** in order to determine energy values to then estimate the enthalpy changes associated with each of the stages proposed for the ethylene degradation and mineralization processes, with which we elucidated the thermodynamically most probable mechanism, which explains differences between experimental work reports. We found that the most favorable route is through the formation of acetic acid, however, only one of the carbon atoms is converted to CO2, the other one is also converted to CO2 but from the formaldehyde degradation. These results agree with and explain those reported from experimental works. The method we used was validated by obtaining deviations shorter than 5% when comparing bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles, and vibrational frequencies calculated in this work versus experimental published values for most of the molecules involved.
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Mino L, Morales-García Á, Bromley ST, Illas F. Understanding the nature and location of hydroxyl groups on hydrated titania nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6577-6585. [PMID: 33885537 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00610j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are intensively studied and widely used due to their huge potential in numerous applications involving their interaction with ultraviolet light (e.g., photocatalysis and sunscreens). Typically, these NPs are in water-containing environments and thus tend to be hydrated. As such, there is a growing need to better understand the physicochemical properties of hydrated TiO2 NPs in order to improve their performance in photochemical applications (e.g., photocatalytic water splitting) and to minimise their environmental impact (e.g., potential biotoxicity). To help address the need for reliable and detailed data on how nano-titania interacts with water, we present a systematic experimental and theoretical study of surface hydroxyl (OH) groups on photoactive anatase TiO2 NPs. Employing well-defined experimentally synthesised NPs and detailed realistic NP models, we obtain the measured and computed infrared spectra of the surface hydroxyls, respectively. By comparing the experimental and theoretical spectra we are able to identify the type and location of different OH groups in these NP systems. Specifically, our study allows us to provide unprecedented and detailed information about the coverage-dependent distribution of hydroxyl groups on the surface of experimental titania NPs, the degree of their H-bonding interactions and their associated assigned vibrational modes. Our work promises to lead to new routes for developing new and safe nanotechnologies based on hydrated TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mino
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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