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Sheng H, Bouwmeester HJ, Munnik T. Phosphate promotes Arabidopsis root skewing and circumnutation through reorganisation of the microtubule cytoskeleton. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39360424 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) plays a key role in plant growth and development. Hence, plants display a range of adaptations to acquire it, including changes in root system architecture (RSA). Whether Pi triggers directional root growth is unknown. We investigated whether Arabidopsis roots sense Pi and grow towards it, that is whether they exhibit phosphotropism. While roots did exhibit a clear Pi-specific directional growth response, it was, however, always to the left, independent of the direction of the Pi gradient. We discovered that increasing concentrations of KH2PO4, trigger a dose-dependent skewing response, in both primary and lateral roots. This phenomenon is Pi-specific - other nutrients do not trigger this - and involves the reorganisation of the microtubule cytoskeleton in epidermal cells of the root elongation zone. Higher Pi levels promote left-handed cell file rotation that results in right-handed, clockwise, root growth and leftward skewing as a result of the helical movement of roots (circumnutation). Our results shed new light on the role of Pi in root growth, and may provide novel insights for crop breeding to optimise RSA and P-use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sheng
- Plant Cell Biology, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Teun Munnik
- Plant Cell Biology, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
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2
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Ganguly V, Chatterjee M, Sain A. Active chiral flows in the separating wall during cell division. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:074110. [PMID: 39149987 DOI: 10.1063/5.0191041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Material flow in the actomyosin cortex of a cell, during cell division, has been found to be chiral in nature. It has been attributed to active chiral torques generated in the actomyosin cortex. Here, we explore the possible signature of such chirality during the growth of the intra-cellular membrane partition, which physically divides the cell into two compartments. We use standard hydrodynamic theory of active gel to predict possible chiral flow structures in the growing partition. While the flows in the growing annular-shaped membrane partition is believed to be radial, it can also develop non-zero azimuthal velocity components (rotation) due to chirality. We show that the direction of rotation (clock or anti-clockwise) will not solely be decided by the sign of the active chiral torque but also by the relative strengths of rotational viscosity and flow coupling parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijit Ganguly
- Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Mainak Chatterjee
- Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anirban Sain
- Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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3
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Porat A, Tekinalp A, Bhosale Y, Gazzola M, Meroz Y. On the mechanical origins of waving, coiling and skewing in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312761121. [PMID: 38446852 PMCID: PMC10945788 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312761121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
By masterfully balancing directed growth and passive mechanics, plant roots are remarkably capable of navigating complex heterogeneous environments to find resources. Here, we present a theoretical and numerical framework which allows us to interrogate and simulate the mechanical impact of solid interfaces on the growth pattern of plant organs. We focus on the well-known waving, coiling, and skewing patterns exhibited by roots of Arabidopsis thaliana when grown on inclined surfaces, serving as a minimal model of the intricate interplay with solid substrates. By modeling growing slender organs as Cosserat rods that mechanically interact with the environment, our simulations verify hypotheses of waving and coiling arising from the combination of active gravitropism and passive root-plane responses. Skewing is instead related to intrinsic twist due to cell file rotation. Numerical investigations are outfitted with an analytical framework that consistently relates transitions between straight, waving, coiling, and skewing patterns with substrate tilt angle. Simulations are found to corroborate theory and recapitulate a host of reported experimental observations, thus providing a systematic approach for studying in silico plant organs behavior in relation to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Porat
- Department of Condensed Matter, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- Center for Physics, Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Arman Tekinalp
- Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Yashraj Bhosale
- Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Mattia Gazzola
- Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Yasmine Meroz
- Center for Physics, Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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4
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Pramanik D, Vaskimo L, Batenburg KJ, Kostenko A, Droppert K, Smets E, Gravendeel B. Orchid fruit and root movement analyzed using 2D photographs and a bioinformatics pipeline for processing sequential 3D scans. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2024; 12:e11567. [PMID: 38369982 PMCID: PMC10873816 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Premise Most studies of the movement of orchid fruits and roots during plant development have focused on morphological observations; however, further genetic analysis is required to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. A precise tool is required to observe these movements and harvest tissue at the correct position and time for transcriptomics research. Methods We utilized three-dimensional (3D) micro-computed tomography (CT) scans to capture the movement of fast-growing Erycina pusilla roots, and built an integrated bioinformatics pipeline to process 3D images into 3D time-lapse videos. To record the movement of slowly developing E. pusilla and Phalaenopsis equestris fruits, two-dimensional (2D) photographs were used. Results The E. pusilla roots twisted and resupinated multiple times from early development. The first period occurred in the early developmental stage (77-84 days after germination [DAG]) and the subsequent period occurred later in development (140-154 DAG). While E. pusilla fruits twisted 45° from 56-63 days after pollination (DAP), the fruits of P. equestris only began to resupinate a week before dehiscence (133 DAP) and ended a week after dehiscence (161 DAP). Discussion Our methods revealed that each orchid root and fruit had an independent direction and degree of torsion from the initial to the final position. Our innovative approaches produced detailed spatial and temporal information on the resupination of roots and fruits during orchid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Pramanik
- Evolutionary EcologyNaturalis Biodiversity CenterDarwinweg 22333 CRLeidenThe Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Faculty of ScienceLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
- Research Center for Horticulture, Research Organization for Agriculture and FoodNational Research and Innovation Agency (Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional/BRIN)Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta‐Bogor, Pakansari, CibinongWest Java16915Indonesia
| | - Lotta Vaskimo
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences LeidenZernikedreef 112333 CKLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - K. Joost Batenburg
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Faculty of ScienceLeiden University, SnelliusNiels Bohrweg 12333 CALeidenThe Netherlands
- Computational ImagingCentrum Wiskunde en InformaticaScience Park 1231090 GBAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kostenko
- Computational ImagingCentrum Wiskunde en InformaticaScience Park 1231090 GBAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kevin Droppert
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences LeidenZernikedreef 112333 CKLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Erik Smets
- Evolutionary EcologyNaturalis Biodiversity CenterDarwinweg 22333 CRLeidenThe Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Faculty of ScienceLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
- Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 31, BOX 24353001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Barbara Gravendeel
- Evolutionary EcologyNaturalis Biodiversity CenterDarwinweg 22333 CRLeidenThe Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Faculty of ScienceLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental SciencesRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356500 GLNijmegenThe Netherlands
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Kim DS, Kim M, Seo S, Kim JH. Nature-Inspired Chiral Structures: Fabrication Methods and Multifaceted Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:527. [PMID: 37999168 PMCID: PMC10669407 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8070527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse chiral structures observed in nature find applications across various domains, including engineering, chemistry, and medicine. Particularly notable is the optical activity inherent in chiral structures, which has emerged prominently in the field of optics. This phenomenon has led to a wide range of applications, encompassing optical components, catalysts, sensors, and therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes the imitations and applications of naturally occurring chiral structures. Methods for replicating chiral architectures found in nature have evolved with specific research goals. This review primarily focuses on a top-down approach and provides a summary of recent research advancements. In the latter part of this review, we will engage in discussions regarding the diverse array of applications resulting from imitating chiral structures, from the optical activity in photonic crystals to applications spanning light-emitting devices. Furthermore, we will delve into the applications of biorecognition and therapeutic methodologies, comprehensively examining and deliberating upon the multifaceted utility of chiral structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Seul Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea (M.K.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounggun Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea (M.K.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonmin Seo
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyung Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea (M.K.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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6
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Luo Z, Gao M, Zhao X, Wang L, Liu Z, Wang L, Wang L, Zhao J, Wang J, Liu M. Anatomical observation and transcriptome analysis of branch-twisted mutations in Chinese jujube. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:500. [PMID: 37644409 PMCID: PMC10466873 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant organs grow in a certain direction and organ twisted growth, a rare and distinctive trait, is associated with internal structure changes and special genes. The twisted branch mutant of Chinese jujube jujube, an important fruit tree native to China and introduced to nearly 50 countries, provides new typical materials for exploration of plant twisted growth. RESULTS In this study, the cytological characteristics and related genes of twisted branches in Chinese jujube were revealed by microscopy observation and transcriptome analysis. The unique coexistence of primary and secondary structures appeared in the twisted parts of branches, and special structures such as collateral bundle, cortical bundles, and internal phloem were formed. Ninety differentially expressed genes of 'Dongzao' and its twisted mutant were observed, in which ZjTBL43, ZjFLA11, ZjFLA12 and ZjIQD1 were selected as candidate genes. ZjTBL43 was homologous to AtTBL43 in Arabidopsis, which was involved in the synthesis and deposition of cellular secondary wall cellulose. The attbl43 mutant showed significant inflorescence stem bending growth. The transgenic lines of attbl43 with overexpression of ZjTBL43 were phenotypically normal.The branch twisted growth may be caused by mutations in ZjTBL43 in Chinese jujube. AtIQD10, AtFLA11 and AtFLA12 were homologous to ZjIQD1, ZjFLA11 and ZjFLA12, respectively. However, the phenotype of their function defect mutants was normal. CONCLUSION In summary, these findings will provide new insights into the plant organ twisted growth and a reference for investigation of controlling mechanisms of plant growth direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Luo
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Mengjiao Gao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Lihu Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Jiurui Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Mengjun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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7
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Segal L, Meroz Y. Art-science collaborations: Generators of new ideas and serendipitous events. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 4:e9. [PMID: 37587987 PMCID: PMC10425759 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2023.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of collaborative projects between artists and scientists raises the question regarding their value, particularly when considering the redirection of resources. Here we provide a personal account of our collaborative efforts, as an artist and a scientist. We propose that one of the most significant outcomes is something that cannot be planned for in advance: serendipitous events. Such events lead to fresh perspectives and imaginative ideas, the fairy dust underlying many great works of art and science. The unexpected nature of these desired outcomes requires from us a leap of faith on the one hand, and a deep trust in our 'partner in crime' on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasmine Meroz
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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8
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Li P, Zong D, Gan P, Li H, Wu Z, Li F, Zhao C, Li L, He C. Comparison of the diversity and structure of the rhizosphere microbial community between the straight and twisted trunk types of Pinus yunnanensis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1066805. [PMID: 36910200 PMCID: PMC9995709 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1066805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pinus yunnanensis is a major silvicultural species in Southwest China. Currently, large areas of twisted-trunk Pinus yunnanensis stands severely restrict its productivity. Different categories of rhizosphere microbes evolve alongside plants and environments and play an important role in the growth and ecological fitness of their host plant. However, the diversity and structure of the rhizosphere microbial communities between P. yunnanensis with two different trunk types-straight and twisted-remain unclear. Methods We collected the rhizosphere soil of 5 trees with the straight and 5 trees with the twisted trunk type in each of three sites in Yunnan province. We assessed and compared the diversity and structure of the rhizosphere microbial communities between P. yunnanensis with two different trunk types by Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Results The available phosphorus in soil differed significantly between P. yunnanensis with straight and twisted trunks. Available potassium had a significant effect on fungi. Chloroflexi dominated the rhizosphere soils of the straight trunk type, while Proteobacteria was predominant in the rhizosphere soils of the twisted trunk type. Trunk types significantly explained 6.79% of the variance in bacterial communities. Conclusion This study revealed the composition and diversity of bacterial and fungal groups in the rhizosphere soil of P. yunnanensis with straight and twisted trunk types, providing proper microbial information for different plant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiling Li
- Key Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement and Propagation in Universities of Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forestry Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Zong
- Key Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement and Propagation in Universities of Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forestry Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Peihua Gan
- Key Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement and Propagation in Universities of Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forestry Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Hailin Li
- Key Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement and Propagation in Universities of Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forestry Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement and Propagation in Universities of Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forestry Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Fahong Li
- Key Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement and Propagation in Universities of Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forestry Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Changlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengzhong He
- Key Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement and Propagation in Universities of Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forestry Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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9
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Hendrikse SIS, Contreras-Montoya R, Ellis AV, Thordarson P, Steed JW. Biofunctionality with a twist: the importance of molecular organisation, handedness and configuration in synthetic biomaterial design. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:28-42. [PMID: 34846055 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The building blocks of life - nucleotides, amino acids and saccharides - give rise to a large variety of components and make up the hierarchical structures found in Nature. Driven by chirality and non-covalent interactions, helical and highly organised structures are formed and the way in which they fold correlates with specific recognition and hence function. A great amount of effort is being put into mimicking these highly specialised biosystems as biomaterials for biomedical applications, ranging from drug discovery to regenerative medicine. However, as well as lacking the complexity found in Nature, their bio-activity is sometimes low and hierarchical ordering is missing or underdeveloped. Moreover, small differences in folding in natural biomolecules (e.g., caused by mutations) can have a catastrophic effect on the function they perform. In order to develop biomaterials that are more efficient in interacting with biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA and cells, we speculate that incorporating order and handedness into biomaterial design is necessary. In this review, we first focus on order and handedness found in Nature in peptides, nucleotides and saccharides, followed by selected examples of synthetic biomimetic systems based on these components that aim to capture some aspects of these ordered features. Computational simulations are very helpful in predicting atomic orientation and molecular organisation, and can provide invaluable information on how to further improve on biomaterial designs. In the last part of the review, a critical perspective is provided along with considerations that can be implemented in next-generation biomaterial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone I S Hendrikse
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Amanda V Ellis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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10
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Otsuka Y, Tsukaya H. Three-dimensional quantification of twisting in the Arabidopsis petiole. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:811-819. [PMID: 33839995 PMCID: PMC8245369 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organisms have a variety of three-dimensional (3D) structures that change over time. These changes include twisting, which is 3D deformation that cannot happen in two dimensions. Twisting is linked to important adaptive functions of organs, such as adjusting the orientation of leaves and flowers in plants to align with environmental stimuli (e.g. light, gravity). Despite its importance, the underlying mechanism for twisting remains to be determined, partly because there is no rigorous method for quantifying the twisting of plant organs. Conventional studies have relied on approximate measurements of the twisting angle in 2D, with arbitrary choices of observation angle. Here, we present the first rigorous quantification of the 3D twisting angles of Arabidopsis petioles based on light sheet microscopy. Mathematical separation of bending and twisting with strict definition of petiole cross-sections were implemented; differences in the spatial distribution of bending and twisting were detected via the quantification of angles along the petiole. Based on the measured values, we discuss that minute degrees of differential growth can result in pronounced twisting in petioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Otsuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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