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Yildirim-Ozturk EN, Uyar M, Ozturk M. Determining the prevalence of people's knowledge that third-hand smoke is harmful to health: A meta-analysis study. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:836-844. [PMID: 38591176 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the health effects of first-hand smoke and second-hand smoke are well known, third-hand smoke (THS) is a relatively new concept. We estimated the prevalence of people's knowledge that THS is harmful to health, including for some subgroups, in a meta-analysis. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO Host, ProQuest, and YOKTEZ databases for the prevalence of people's knowledge that THS is harmful to health using specified search words. A total of 12 publications (n = 8549 people) were included in the meta-analysis. The random effect model was used for meta-analysis, and Cochran's Q test and I2 values were used to determine heterogeneity. Subgroup analyzes and meta-regression were also performed. RESULTS The prevalence of people's knowledge that THS is harmful was 80.1%. The prevalence of people's knowledge that THS is harmful for children was 82%, and the prevalence of people's knowledge that THS is harmful for adults was 70.4%. For health professionals, the prevalence of people's knowledge that THS is harmful for children was 89.8%, the highest prevalence value calculated in this meta-analysis. Cochran's Q test and I2 values indicated that the included studies were heterogeneous. CONCLUSIONS In this meta-analysis, the overall prevalence of people's knowledge that THS is harmful was 80.1%, but large variations were found between samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Nur Yildirim-Ozturk
- Public Health Department-Epidemiology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Mamak, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Uyar
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozturk
- Emergency Service, Ankara Pursaklar State Hospital, Pursaklar, Ankara, Turkey
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Verma M, Sangeeta K, Verma BK, Dubey DK, Mondal M, Mazumder MN, Khan HT, Verma V. The association between anti-smoking legislation and prevalence of acute respiratory illnesses in Indian children. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2024; 7:100481. [PMID: 38419738 PMCID: PMC10901132 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Exposure to tobacco smoke causes numerous health problems in children, and create burden on the population in terms of economy, morbidity and mortality. In order to protect the child from exposure to tobacco smoke in the outdoor environment, sufficient legislative enactments are available in Indian legislation. The objective of the present study is to investigate the fact that in absence of any specific laws stating about protection of children from exposure to tobacco smoke in indoor environment, whether outdoor related legislations are sufficient to protect children from exposureand to explore the scope for enforcement of both state and central laws in improving health of children in India. Study design The study considered cross-sectional survey data of Demographic and Health Survey Data on India, National Family and Health Survey fourth round (NFHS-4) for the year 2015-16 on Indian children (below age of four). Methods Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of anti-smoking laws on the prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) based on the place of residence, indoor tobacco smoke exposure and age of the child. Results The results have shown an inclination of ARI among children in association with states having single law, rural area resident, exposure to indoor tobacco smoke and age of the child, both as independent or in combination are quite conspicuous, and are found to be underestimated. The logistic regression also revealed the influence of these factors both as independent and even in interaction with other. Conclusions Legislative intervention through both at central (or national)and state levels through anti-smoking laws will decrease the indoor tobacco smoke exposure as a result ARI prevalence will also decrease among children in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Verma
- Department of Law, Kazi Nazrul University, West Bengal, 713340, India
| | - K. Sangeeta
- HRC HOSPITAL, Hyderabad, 500016, Telangana, India
| | | | - Dharmendra Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), Sharda Hospital, Sharda University, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Mukul Mondal
- Department of Law, Kazi Nazrul University, West Bengal, 713340, India
| | - Mousumi Nath Mazumder
- Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), JNU Institutional Area, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Hafiz T.A. Khan
- Health Promotion and Public Health, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, Paragon House, Boston Manor Road, Brentford, TW8 9GB, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department of Statistics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
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Dong X, Yu J, Ye C, Liu D, Zou D, Han Z, Yu Q, Huang K, Li H, Wei X. Control of tobacco-specific nitrosamines by the Bacillus siamensis: Strain isolation, genome sequencing, mechanism analysis and genetic engineering. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133877. [PMID: 38452666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Nitrosamines are considered carcinogens that threaten human health and environment. Especially, high contents of Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are generated during the fermentation process of cigar tobacco. To control the accumulation of TSNAs, one novel strain WD-32 was isolated by comprehensively evaluating the reduction characteristics of nitrate, nitrite, and TSNAs, and this strain was identified as Bacillus siamensis by 16 S rRNA gene analysis and MALDI-TOF MS evaluation. Subsequently, whole genome sequencing of B. siamensis WD-32 was carried out to excavate important genes and enzymes involved, and the possible reduction mechanism of TSNAs was explored. More importantly, the reduction of TSNAs by B. siamensis was significantly promoted by knockout of narG gene. During the practical agricultural fermentation process of the cigar tobacco leaves, the treatment by the WD-32∆narG cells resulted in a 60% reduction of the total TSNAs content compared with the control, and the concentrations of the NNN and NNK were decreased by 69% and 59%, respectively. In summary, this study offers efficient strains for reduction of the TSNAs in cigar tobacco, and provides new insights into the reduction mechanism of TSNAs, which will promote the application of microbial methods in control of TSNAs and nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Dong
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Changwen Ye
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Dandan Liu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kuo Huang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Guan Q, Mai J, Teng K, Liu Z, Lin L, Zhou L, Huang T, Tan X, Sun X. Thirdhand smoke beliefs, exposure status and associated factors among young people in China: A cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:132. [PMID: 37842546 PMCID: PMC10571098 DOI: 10.18332/tid/171352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thirdhand smoke is an emerging threat to global public health. There is no research on young people's exposure to thirdhand smoke in China. This study aims to investigate the exposure status and beliefs of thirdhand smoke among young Chinese people and provide a reference for policy regarding thirdhand smoke. METHODS Data from the 2022 Chinese Resident Psychological and Behavioral Survey were used to select young people aged 15-24 years. A total of 11781 subjects were included in this study. Demographic information, beliefs about thirdhand smoke, and exposure status to thirdhand smoke were investigated. RESULTS Among the participants, 47.8% reported being exposed to thirdhand smoke (males: 49.1%, females: 47.0%). Young people living in urban areas (AOR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.77-0.91, p<0.001) and those with a monthly family income >12000 RMB (AOR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.71-0.92, p=0.001) were less likely to be exposed to thirdhand smoke. Young people with junior high school education or higher, and current or former smokers, were more likely to be exposed to thirdhand smoke. There is room for improvement in the beliefs about thirdhand smoke among young people. CONCLUSIONS Thirdhand smoke exposure is an issue that should be addressed in public health policy. Young people with low income and current or former smokers are populations that should be mainly focused on in public education and prevention work on thirdhand smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Guan
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning,China
| | - Jianrong Mai
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaisheng Teng
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning,China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Lin
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingfen Huang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tan
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Sun
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Thirdhand Smoke May Promote Lung Adenocarcinoma Development through HN1. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2023; 2023:3407313. [PMID: 36756386 PMCID: PMC9902119 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3407313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Thirdhand smoke (THS) refers to residual tobacco smoking pollutants that can be adsorbed to indoor surfaces and dust and persist for years after active smoking. THS-related chemicals such as N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) are tobacco-specific lung carcinogens that involved in lung cancer development and progression. In this study, we computed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between THS and paired control samples. THS-related overexpressed genes (OEs) were overlapped with OEs of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Survival analyses of these overlapped genes were performed using LUAD and LUSC data. 6 genes were selected for validation based on their expression levels and prognostic value. Hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1) was further selected due to its novelty in LUAD research. The potential roles of HN1 in LUAD were explored in several ways. In summary, HN1 is overexpressed in THS samples and is associated with the prognosis of patients with LUAD. It may promote cancer progression through several pathways and could serve as a potential therapeutic target especially for THS-related LUAD. In-depth mechanistic studies and clinical trials are warranted.
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Hussein T. Indoor Exposure and Regional Inhaled Deposited Dose Rate during Smoking and Incense Stick Burning-The Jordanian Case as an Example for Eastern Mediterranean Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:587. [PMID: 36612906 PMCID: PMC9819828 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and incense burning are commonly used in Jordanian microenvironments. While smoking in Jordan is prohibited inside closed spaces, incense burning remains uncontrolled. In this study, particle size distributions (diameter 0.01-25 µm) were measured and inhaled deposited dose rates were calculated during typical smoking and incense stick-burning scenarios inside a closed room, and the exposure was summarized in terms of number and mass concentrations of submicron (PNSub) and fine particles (PM2.5). During cigarette smoking and incense stick-burning scenarios, the particle number concentrations exceeded 3 × 105 cm-3. They exceeded 5 × 105 cm-3 during shisha smoking. The emission rates were 1.9 × 1010, 6.8 × 1010, and 1.7 × 1010 particles/s, respectively, for incense, cigarettes, and shisha. That corresponded to about 7, 80, and 120 µg/s, respectively. Males received higher dose rates than females, with about 75% and 55% in the pulmonary/alveolar during walking and standing, respectively. The total dose rates were in the order of 1012-1013 #/h (103-104 µg/h), respectively, for PNSub and PM2.5. The above reported concentrations, emissions rates, and dose rates are considered seriously high, recalling the fact that aerosols emitted during such scenarios consist of a vast range of toxicant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Hussein
- Environmental and Atmospheric Research Laboratory (EARL), Department of Physics, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR/Physics), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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