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Zhang P, Hu L, Gao B, Gao F, Zhu X, Li Y, Yao H. Spatial-temporal variation and source analysis of heavy metals in different land use types in Beilun District (2015 and 2022). Sci Rep 2024; 14:15127. [PMID: 38956253 PMCID: PMC11220152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The soil environment plays an important role in urban ecosystems. To study the heavy metal contamination of soil in Beilun District, Ningbo, we collected soil samples from 60 points in urban and peri-urban areas of Beilun District and analyzed the spatiotemporal variation and sources of heavy metal pollution in various land-use types. The results shown that the heavy metal contents in 2015 and 2022 were higher than the background soil values of Ningbo city, and there was an accumulation of heavy metals over these 7 years. The contents of heavy metals in green belts and woodland in 2022 were higher than those in 2015, while there was no significant change in agricultural land. The heavy metal contents in both years were mainly in the order green belts > agricultural land > woodland. The spatiotemporal distribution of heavy metal content showed that heavy metal pollution in Beilun District was concentrated in five industrial areas, and there was a trend toward the disappearance of highly polluted points. But the single-factor pollution index, pollution load index (PLI), and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated that there was no significant heavy metal pollution in Beilun District, and individual elements at specific points showed slight pollution. The source analysis results showed that the main source of Hg is chemical, As is mainly derived from agricultural, Cr, Ni and Cu are mainly derived from natural, the main sources of Zn and Cd are electroplating and machinery activities, and the main source of Pb is traffic. These results specify a reference for future investigation on urban soil heavy metals, and the source apportionment results provide a scientific foundation for subsequent soil heavy metal pollution treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun), Zhongke Haixi Industry Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Lanfang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun), Zhongke Haixi Industry Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Bo Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun), Zhongke Haixi Industry Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Xuchu Zhu
- Beilun Ningbo Environmental Protection Agency, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Yaying Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun), Zhongke Haixi Industry Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800, China.
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun), Zhongke Haixi Industry Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800, China
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
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Le PC, Le VH, Luong Van T. Assessment of the accumulation level and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of Bong Mieu River, Quang Nam Province, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:395. [PMID: 38528293 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the accumulation levels and ecological risks associated with seven heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Cr, Zn) in the surface sediments of the Bong Mieu River in Quang Nam Province, Vietnam. The sampling encompassed 10 locations (S1-S10), considering areas both impacted and less impacted by gold mining activities. The findings revealed elevated levels of heavy metal pollution and associated ecological risks attributable to gold mining. Heavy metal content varied within specific ranges: As (70.6-341.2 mg/kg), Pb (216.3-504.1 mg/kg), Hg (0.138-0.252 mg/kg), Cd (0.91-1.51mg/kg), Cu (18.3-45.5 mg/kg), Cr (10.5-19.1 mg/kg), and Zn (49.3-84.1 mg/kg). Among these elements, Hg, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Cd adhered to the acceptable limits of VNTR 43:2017/MONRE (VNTR 43:2017/MONRE: National Technical Regulation/Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam). However, As and Pb content at all locations exceeded these limits significantly, with As being 4.1-20 times higher and Pb 2.3-5.5 times higher. The pollution of Pb and As was attributed to waste discharge from gold mining activities, which carry substantial amounts of these metals in various forms. The Igeo indicated heavy pollution of As and Pb in the sediments. Ecological risk factors were ranked as follows: E r i (As) > E r i (Pb) > E r i (Hg) > E r i (Cd) > E r i (Cu) > E r i (Cr) > E r i (Zn). The potential ecological risk (RI) due to combined heavy metal impact varied across locations, with S2 > S8 > S9 > S6 > S7 > S10 > S1 > S3 > S4 > S5, exhibiting low to moderate risk (RI values ranging from 73.4 to 252.8). The study area demonstrated high contamination levels for As and Pb, coupled with low to moderate potential ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuoc-Cuong Le
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Lien Chieu Dist., Danang, 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Van Hao Le
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Lien Chieu Dist., Danang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Tho Luong Van
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Education, 550000, Danang, Vietnam.
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Zhao Y, Yan H, Wang F. Distribution, Source, and Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Sewage Irrigation of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. TOXICS 2024; 12:120. [PMID: 38393215 PMCID: PMC10892418 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The pollution of agricultural soil by heavy metals is a significant environmental issue that has a serious impact on human health and food security. This study focused on investigating the presence of heavy metal pollution in sewage-irrigated soils in Taiyuan city. A total of 110 soil samples were analyzed for the presence of As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn. The results showed that the concentrations of these metals ranged from 0.06 to 26.74 mg/kg for As, 0.00 to 0.84 mg/kg for Hg, 0.03 to 0.69 mg/kg for Cd, 44.32 to 100.09 mg/kg for Pb, 9.85 to 42.19 mg/kg for Cr, 13.38 to 53.72 mg/kg for Cu, and 42.77 to 145.47 mg/kg for Zn. The average concentrations of these metals were found to be below the risk values specified in the "Soil environmental quality (GB15618-2018)", except for As and Cd in three sampling points in Xiaodian District. The heavy metal pollution in these areas can be attributed to various sources, such as industrial activities, the use of fertilizers and pesticides, and the irrigation process. According to the geo-accumulation index, the agricultural soil in the Taiyuan irrigation area was found to be uncontaminated by Zn, Cr, Cu, and As, and lightly contaminated by Cd, Hg, and Pb. The Nemerow Pollution Index indicated that the soil at all sampling points exhibited a slight level of pollution. Moreover, the ecological risk assessment indicated that all heavy metals posed a slight level of pollution. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the development of effective policies and measures for soil environmental protection and pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China;
| | - Han Yan
- Shanxi Provincial Security Center of Ecological Environmental Monitoring and Emergency (Shanxi Provincial Academy of Ecological Environmental Science), Taiyuan 030027, China;
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Li Y, Liu S, Zhan C, Liu H, Zhang J, Guo J, Fang L, Wang Y. Source-based health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil: a case study from a polymetallic mining region in Southeastern Hubei, Central China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 46:12. [PMID: 38147164 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01804-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
To conduct a precise health risk assessment of heavy metals (HMs) in soil, it is imperative to ascertain the primary sources of potential health risks. In this study, we conducted comprehensive measurements of HMs, specifically focusing on the accumulation of Cu, Cd, Sb, Zn, and Pb in local soil, which may pose threats to environmental quality. To achieve our objective, we employed a method that combines positive matrix factorization with a health risk assessment model to quantify the health risks associated with specific sources. The results obtained from the geo-accumulation index indicate that the majority of HMs found in the local soil are influenced by anthropogenic activities. Among these sources, local industrial-related activities contributed the largest proportion of HMs to the soil at 34.7%, followed by natural sources at 28.7%, mining and metallurgy-related activities at 28.2%, and traffic-related activities at 8.40%. Although the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with individual HMs were found to be below safety thresholds, the cumulative health risks stemming from total HMs exceeded safety limits for children. Moreover, the unacceptable health risks for children originating from industrial-related activities, natural sources, and mining and metallurgy-related activities were primarily concentrated in proximity to mining sites and industrial areas within the local region. This investigation furnishes valuable insights that can aid governmental authorities in formulating precise control policies to mitigate health threats posed by soils in polymetallic mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China.
| | - Changlin Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Jiaquan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Lihu Fang
- The First Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Research Center of Ecological Environment Restoration and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huangshi, 435000, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- The First Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Research Center of Ecological Environment Restoration and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huangshi, 435000, China
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Zhang B, Su Y, Shah SYA, Wang L. Uncertainty Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metal(loid) Pollution and Health Risk in Hunan Province: A Geographic Detector with Monte Carlo Simulation. TOXICS 2023; 11:1006. [PMID: 38133407 PMCID: PMC10747857 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Research on soil heavy metal(loid) pollution and health risk assessment is extensive, but a notable gap exists in systematically examining uncertainty in this process. We employ the Nemerow index, the health risk assessment model, and the geographic detector model (GDM) to analyze soil heavy metal(loid) pollution, assess health risks, and identify driving factors in Hunan Province, China. Furthermore, the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method is utilized to quantitatively evaluate the uncertainties associated with the sampling point positions, model parameters, and classification boundaries of the driving factors in these processes. The experimental findings reveal the following key insights: (1) Regions with high levels of heavy metal(loid) pollution, accompanied by low uncertainty, are identified in Chenzhou and Hengyang Cities in Hunan Province. (2) Arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) are identified as the primary contributors to health risks. (3) The GDM results highlight strong nonlinear enhanced interactions among lithology and other factors. (4) The input GDM factors, such as temperature, river distance, and gross domestic product (GDP), show high uncertainty on the influencing degree of soil heavy metal(loid) pollution. This study thoroughly assesses high heavy metal(loid) pollution in Hunan Province, China, emphasizing uncertainty and offering a scientific foundation for land management and pollution remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (B.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Y.A.S.)
| | - Yingcai Su
- Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (B.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Y.A.S.)
| | - Syed Yasir Ali Shah
- Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (B.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Y.A.S.)
| | - Lifang Wang
- Department of Surveying and Mapping Geography, Hunan Vocational College of Engineering, Changsha 410151, China
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Han L, Fan Y, Chen R, Zhai Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Li R, Xia L. Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Mining Soils Based on Fractions: A Case Study in Southern Shaanxi, China. TOXICS 2023; 11:997. [PMID: 38133398 PMCID: PMC10748273 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
With rapid economic development, soil heavy metal (HM) pollution has emerged as a global environmental concern. Because the toxicity of HMs differs dramatically among various fractions, risk assessments based on these fractions are of great significance for environmental management. This study employed a modified Hakanson index approach to evaluate the possible ecological impacts of soil HMs in a gold mine tailings pond in Shaanxi Province, China. A modified Hakanson-Monte Carlo model was built to perform a probabilistic risk assessment. The results showed that: (1) the exceedance rates of chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) were 68.75% and 93.75%, respectively. Moreover, the overall concentrations of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) were higher than the background soil environmental values in China. (2) HMs with the lowest oxidizable fraction were mostly present in the residual fraction. The oxidizable portions of Cr, Cu, and Pb and the reducible and residual fractions of As were notably distinct. (3) The risk degrees of Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn were low; those of As and Pb were very high and moderate; and the comprehensive ecological hazard index was very high. This study offers a solid scientific foundation for ecological risk notification and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yamin Fan
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China;
| | - Yunmeng Zhai
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Risheng Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi’an 710075, China; (R.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Longfei Xia
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi’an 710075, China; (R.L.); (L.X.)
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Tan M, Dong J, Qu J, Hao M. The Patterns of Migration of Potentially Toxic Elements from Coal Mining Subsidence Areas and Associated Soils to Waterlogged Areas. TOXICS 2023; 11:888. [PMID: 37999540 PMCID: PMC10675259 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial for effectively controlling potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution to understand the pollution situation, ecological risks, health risks, and migration patterns of PTEs. However, currently, no research has been conducted on the migration patterns of soil PTEs from coal mining subsidence areas to waterlogged areas under different restoration modes. In this study, a total of 15 sediment samples and 60 soil samples were collected from landscaped wetlands, aquaculture wetland, fish-photovoltaic complementary wetland, photovoltaic wetland, and waterlogged areas with untreated coal mining subsidence. The PTE pollution status, ecological risks, health risks, migration patterns, and the important factors influencing the migration were analyzed. The results indicated that the comprehensive pollution level of PTEs in waterlogged areas with coal mining subsidence can be reduced by developing them into landscaped wetlands, aquaculture wetlands, fish-photovoltaic complementary wetlands, and photovoltaic wetlands. Additionally, the closer to the waterlogged area, the higher the Cu content in the subsidence area soil is, reaching its peak in the waterlogged area. The Cd was influenced positively by SOC and pH. The research results were of great significance for formulating reclamation plans for waterlogged areas and controlling PTE pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tan
- School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;
| | - Jihong Dong
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;
| | - Junfeng Qu
- Carbon Neutrality Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China;
- Xuzhou Institute of Ecological Civilization Construction, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Ming Hao
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;
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Li J, Yu Q, Qian R, Xiao X, Liang Y, Luo P, Wang H, Lu Y, Xu L, Liu Q, Xiao Y. Distribution and transformation of potentially toxic elements in crack under coal mining disturbance. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1327. [PMID: 37847320 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In China, coal provides about 56.8% of the energy. Most of China's coal mines are shaft mines, which cause the surface to collapse and crack during the mining process. The soil near the cracks changes its physicochemical properties due to the altered stress conditions. This will affect the distribution of PTEs in the soil. We collected 18 samples from a selected crack in the abandoned land. The pH, Eh, and PTE and their fractions of the samples were determined. With the test results, we understand the distribution characteristics of pH, Eh, PTEs, and their fractions at the cracks. Meanwhile, we explored the key factors that contribute to this distribution. It was determined that crack decreases surface soil pH while increasing Eh. The total amount of 7 PTEs is higher in the bottom soil of the main crack and 2 m away from the main crack. The content of reducible fractions of PTEs increases with the increase of soil Eh. The oxidizable and residual fractions of PTEs adsorbed to the clay particles migrate to and enrich the deeper layers of the main crack. This study emphasizes the effect of crack generation on the distribution of PTEs in soil. It provides insights to describe the distribution of PTE throughout the full life cycle of crack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Li
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- Observation and Research Station of Jiangsu Jiawang Resource Exhausted Mining Area Land Restoration and Ecological Succession, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinxue Yu
- Shandong HFT Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Zibo City, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Ruoxi Qian
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, L5B 4P2, Canada
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
- Observation and Research Station of Jiangsu Jiawang Resource Exhausted Mining Area Land Restoration and Ecological Succession, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Beijing Invision Ruida Technology Co., Ltd., Huaxia Happiness Entrepreneurship Center, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Ping Luo
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yin Lu
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Xu
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
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Pollution Characteristics, Spatial Distribution, and Evaluation of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Farmland Soils in a Typical Mountainous Hilly Area in China. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030681. [PMID: 36766209 PMCID: PMC9913997 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s pollution in farmland soil is not only a serious environmental but also a human health-related issue. Accurate understanding and evaluation of heavy metal pollution levels in the soil are very important for sustainable agricultural development and food safety. Mountainous and hilly areas have the dual functions of industrial development and agricultural production, and the farmland soil in these areas is more susceptible to heavy metal pollution. In this study, the single factor index, Nemerow index, geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor index, and potential ecological risk indices, which are mainly used to assess the contamination and risk of heavy metals in farmland soils. The sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils of the study area were analyzed using correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Finally, geostatistical methods were used to map the heavy metal contamination of farmland soils. An average concentration of all heavy metals (except As) in farmland soils of the study area exceeded the corresponding background values, as indicated by the obtained results. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the heavy metal sources in the soils of the study area can be classified into two groups. The five pollutant index methods all showed the most serious Hg pollution in the study area. The integrated pollutant mapping results showed that the risk of heavy metal pollution in the study area was mostly moderate, except for the western and central parts of the region. This study enhances understanding of the pollution levers of heavy metals in Yiyuan farmland soils, and also can facilitate the monitoring of heavy metal contaminants at the primary stage of the food chain and assess the risk of the presence of heavy metal contaminants in food, thus improving the health of the residents.
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Fan T, Pan J, Wang X, Wang S, Lu A. Ecological Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in the Soil of an Opencast Mine in Xinjiang. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15522. [PMID: 36497597 PMCID: PMC9736650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To study the influence of open-pit coal mining on the surrounding soil environment and human health, this study selected the Hongshaquan coal mine in Xinjiang as the research area and took 31 soil samples from the dump and artificial forest of the mining area. The contents of seven heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the soil were analyzed. The pollution index method, geoaccumulation index method (Igeo), potential ecological risk index method, health ecological risk assessment model and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate and analyze the heavy metal pollution, potential ecological risk and health ecological risk of the soil. The results showed that compared with the background value of soil in Xinjiang, except for Pb, other heavy metal elements were essentially pollution-free and belonged to the low ecological risk area. The health risk assessment model showed that Pb and As were the main pollution factors of noncarcinogenic risk, and that exposure to Ni, Pb and As had a lower carcinogenic risk. The PCA showed that Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, As and Zn in the dump were from transportation and industrial activities, Cd was from natural resources, and Cr, Zn, Ni, Cd and Pb were from transportation in the artificial forest. Cu came from industrial sources and As from soil parent material. The dump was more seriously disturbed by human factors than by artificial forests. Our research provides a reference for heavy metal pollution and source analysis caused by mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Fan
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
- Institute of Environmental Friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu 241002, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources & Ecological Protection in Mining Area with High Groundwater Level, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Jinhong Pan
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
- Institute of Environmental Friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu 241002, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources & Ecological Protection in Mining Area with High Groundwater Level, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xingming Wang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
- Institute of Environmental Friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu 241002, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources & Ecological Protection in Mining Area with High Groundwater Level, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Shun Wang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
- Institute of Environmental Friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu 241002, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources & Ecological Protection in Mining Area with High Groundwater Level, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Akang Lu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
- Institute of Environmental Friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu 241002, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources & Ecological Protection in Mining Area with High Groundwater Level, Huainan 232001, China
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11
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Gad A, Saleh A, Farhat HI, Dawood YH, Abd El Bakey SM. Spatial Distribution, Contamination Levels, and Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Household Dust in Cairo City, Egypt. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080466. [PMID: 36006146 PMCID: PMC9414935 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Urban areas’ pollution, which is owing to rapid urbanization and industrialization, is one of the most critical issues in densely populated cities such as Cairo. The concentrations and the spatial distribution of fourteen potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in household dust were investigated in Cairo City, Egypt. PTE exposure and human health risk were assessed using the USEPA’s exposure model and guidelines. The levels of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn surpassed the background values. Contamination factor index revealed that contamination levels are in the sequence Cd > Hg > Zn > Pb > Cu > As > Mo > Ni > Cr > Co > V > Mn > Fe > Al. The degree of contamination ranges from considerably to very high pollution. Elevated PTE concentrations in Cairo’s household dust may be due to heavy traffic emissions and industrial activities. The calculated noncarcinogenic risk for adults falls within the safe limit, while those for children exceed that limit in some sites. Cairo residents are at cancer risk owing to prolonged exposure to the indoor dust in their homes. A quick and targeted plan must be implemented to mitigate these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gad
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Ahmed Saleh
- National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Cairo 11421, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Hassan I. Farhat
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, El Salam City 43518, Egypt
| | - Yehia H. Dawood
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Sahar M. Abd El Bakey
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11341, Egypt
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