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Zhou B, Xiao K, Guo J, Xu Q, Xu Q, Lv Q, Zhu H, Zhao J, Liu Y. Necroptosis contributes to the intestinal toxicity of deoxynivalenol and is mediated by methyltransferase SETDB1. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134601. [PMID: 38823098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi, which causes serious health issues worldwide due to its widespread presence in human and animal diets. Necroptosis is a newly proposed cell death mode and has been proposed as a potential mechanism of intestinal disease. This study aimed to investigate the role of necroptosis in intestinal damage caused by DON exposure. Piglets were fed diets with or without 4 mg/kg DON for 3 weeks or given a gavage of 2 mg/kg BW DON or sterile saline to investigate the effects of chronic or acute DON exposure on the gut, respectively. IPEC-1 cells were challenged with different concentrations of DON to investigate the effect of DON exposure on the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in vitro. Subsequently, the inhibitors of necroptosis were used to treat cells or piglets prior to DON challenge. Chronic and acute DON exposure both caused morphological damage, reduction of disaccharidase activity, decrease of tight junction protein expression, inflammation of the small intestine, and necroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in piglets. Necroptosis was also detected when IPEC-1 cell damage was induced by DON in vitro. The suppression of necroptosis in IPEC-1 cells by inhibitors (necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), GSK'872, or GW806742X) alleviated cell death, the decrease of tight junction protein expression, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory response induced by DON. Furthermore, pre-treatment with Nec-1 in piglets was also observed to protect the intestine against DON-induced enterotoxicity. Additionally, the expression of histone methyltransferase SETDB1 was abnormally downregulated upon chronic and acute DON exposure in piglets, and necroptosis was activated in IPEC-1 cells due to knockout of SETDB1. Collectively, these results demonstrate that necroptosis of IECs is a mechanism of DON-induced enterotoxicity and SETDB1 mediates necroptosis upon DON exposure in IECs, suggesting the potential for targeted inhibition of necroptosis to alleviate mycotoxin-induced enterotoxicity and intestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qilong Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qiao Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qingqing Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Kozieł MJ, Urbanek KA, Kowalska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. FOXO3a/PI3K/Akt pathway participates in the ROS- induced apoptosis triggered by α-ZEL and β-ZEL. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13281. [PMID: 38858492 PMCID: PMC11164887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), an estrogenic mycotoxin, is one of the most common food and feed contaminants. Also, its metabolites α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL) are considered to induce oxidative stress, however its effect in prostate cells is not known yet. Our previous observations showed that forehead box transcription factor 3a (FOXO3a) expression is modified in hormone- sensitive cells in the response to mycotoxins, similar to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Thus, this study evaluated the direct molecular effect of α-ZEL and β-ZEL in a dose of 30 µM in hormone-dependent human prostate cancer (PCa) cells with the focus of the involvement of FOXO3a and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in that effect. We observed that both active metabolites of ZEN reduced cell viability, induced oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PCa cells. Furthermore, we observed that FOXO3a as well as PI3K/Akt signaling pathway participate in ZELs induced toxicity in PCa cells, indicating that this signaling pathway might be a regulator of mycotoxin-induced toxicity generally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Justyna Kozieł
- Department of Cell Culture and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
- BRaIn Laboratories, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 4, 92-216, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kinga Anna Urbanek
- Department of Cell Culture and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalska
- Department of Cell Culture and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wanda Piastowska-Ciesielska
- Department of Cell Culture and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
- BRaIn Laboratories, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 4, 92-216, Lodz, Poland
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Hou S, Ma J, Cheng Y, Wang Z, Wang H, Sun JH, Wang G, Jia A, Yan YX. Protective Mechanisms of Various Active Substances on Cell DNA Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Deoxynivalenol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6651-6659. [PMID: 38501756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite of fungi that is harmful to humans and animals. This study examined the protective effects of natural substances, including resveratrol, quercetin, vitamin E, vitamin C, and microbe-derived antioxidants (MA), on both human gastric mucosal cells (GES-1) and pig small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1) when induced by DON. Cells were incubated with active substances for 3 h and then exposed to DON for 24 h. The oxidative stress index, cell cycle, and apoptosis were measured. As compared to cells treated only with DON, pretreatment with active substances improved the balance of the redox status in cells caused by DON. Specifically, quercetin, vitamin E, vitamin C, and MA showed the potential to alleviate the G2 phase cell cycle arrest effect that was induced by DON in both kinds of cells. It was observed that vitamin E and vitamin C can alleviate DON-induced apoptosis and the G2 phase cycle arrest effect mediated via the ATM-Chk 2-Cdc 25C and ATM-P53 signaling pathways in GES-1 cells. In IPEC-1 cells, vitamin C and MA can alleviate both DON-induced apoptosis and the G2 phase cycle arrest effect via the ATM-Chk 2-Cdc 25C signaling pathway. Different bioactive substances utilize different protective mechanisms against DON in interacting with different cells. The proper addition of vitamin E and vitamin C to food can neutralize the toxic effect of DON, while the addition of vitamin C and MA to animal feed can reduce the harm DON does to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Demonstration Center of Food Quality and Safety Testing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hengan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian-He Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- Guangdong Haid Group Co. Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Aiqing Jia
- Guangdong Haid Group Co. Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Ya-Xian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Tang X, Zeng Y, Xiong K, Li M. The inflammatory injury of porcine small intestinal epithelial cells induced by deoxynivalenol is related to the decrease in glucose transport. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae107. [PMID: 38619320 PMCID: PMC11069187 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) stimulation on inflammatory injury and the expression of the glucose transporters sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter protein 2 (GLU2) in porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Additionally, the study aimed to provide initial insights into the connection between the expression of glucose transporters and the inflammatory injury of IPEC-J2 cells. DON concentration and DON treatment time were determined using the CCK‑8 assay. Accordingly, 1.0 µg/mL DON and treatment for 24 h were chosen for subsequent experiments. Then IPEC-J2 cells were treated without DON (CON, N = 6) or with 1 μg/mL DON (DON, N = 6). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content, apoptosis rate, and proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, Il-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured. Additionally, the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPK-α1), the content of glucose, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and sodium/potassium-transporting adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) activity, and the expression of SGLT1 and GLU2 of IPEC-J2 cells were also analyzed. The results showed that DON exposure significantly increased LDH release and apoptosis rate of IPEC-J2 cells. Stimulation with DON resulted in significant cellular inflammatory damage, as evidenced by a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Additionally, DON caused damage to the glucose absorption capacity of IPEC-J2 cells, indicated by decreased levels of glucose content, AKP activity, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, AMPK-α1 protein expression, and SGLT1 expression. Correlation analysis revealed that glucose absorption capacity was negatively correlated with cell inflammatory cytokines. Based on the findings of this study, it can be preliminarily concluded that the cell inflammatory damage caused by DON may be associated with decreased glucose absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Tang
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 5500025, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Kangning Xiong
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 5500025, China
| | - Meijun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha 410127, China
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Hu M, Zhang L, Jia H, Xue C, Zhao L, Dong N, Shan A. Oleanolic acid attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis of IPEC-J2 cells through suppressing c-Jun and MAPK pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23538. [PMID: 37706587 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural triterpenoid with therapeutic potential for a multitude of diseases. However, the precise mechanism by which OA influences stress-induced apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells remains elusive. Therefore, the effect of OA on intestinal diseases under stressful conditions and its possible mechanisms have been investigated. In a hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced oxidative stress model, OA attenuated H2 O2 -induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, the gene expression profile of OA on IPEC-J2 cells was analyzed using an RNA sequencing system. Results from gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis confirmed that OA may mitigate the cytotoxic effects of H2 O2 by downregulating gene expression through the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results validated the differentially expressed genes data. Western blot analysis further demonstrated that OA effectively suppressed the expression level of c-Jun protein induced by H2 O2 in IPEC-J2 cells. Collectively, our results indicate that OA pretreatment significantly attenuated H2 O2 -induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells through suppressing c-Jun and MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongpeng Jia
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Xue
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Zhao Q, Xue Z, Zhang S, Ren Z, Chen S, Zhou A, Chen H, Liu Y. Deoxynivalenol induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis via the IRE1/JNK/CHOP pathway in porcine alveolar macrophage 3D4/21 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114033. [PMID: 37739053 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between cell apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has garnered increasing attention. Nevertheless, the precise involvement of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling in the apoptosis of porcine macrophage cells induced by Deoxynivalenol (DON) remains enigmatic. In this study, we revealed that exposure to 2 μM DON resulted in a substantial decline in cell viability, concomitant with the initiation of cell apoptosis and the halting of the G1 phase cell cycle in the porcine alveolar macrophage line 3D4/21. Transcriptomic analysis of DON-exposed cells showed distinct expression patterns in 3104 genes, with notable upregulation of ER stress-related genes, including IRE1, CHOP, XBP1 and JNK. Our subsequent validation via qPCR and Western blot analyses confirmed the attenuation of GRP78 and BCL-2, coupled with the upregulation of IRE1, CHOP, JNK, p-JNK, and Bax in DON-induced cells, indicating the instigation of ER stress-associated apoptosis by DON. The addition of 5 mM 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, decreased levels of CHOP, IRE1, JNK, p-JNK, and Bax, while increasing levels of GRP78 and Bcl-2, suggesting that 4-PBA alleviated DON-induced ER stress and apoptosis. Overall, our findings provide new insights into DON-induced ER stress via the IRE1/JNK/CHOP pathway, leading to subsequent cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Qingbo Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Zhihui Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Zeyu Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Shaokui Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Ao Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
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7
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Deng Y, You L, Wang X, Wu W, Kuca K, Wu Q, Wei W. Deoxynivalenol: Emerging Toxic Mechanisms and Control Strategies, Current and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37437258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most frequently present mycotoxin contaminant in food and feed, causing a variety of toxic effects in humans and animals. Currently, a series of mechanisms involved in DON toxicity have been identified. In addition to the activation of oxidative stress and the MAPK signaling pathway, DON can activate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, which further regulates reactive oxygen species production and cancer cell apoptosis. Noncoding RNA and signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, FOXO, and TLR4/NF-κB also participate in DON toxicity. The intestinal microbiota and the brain-gut axis play a crucial role in DON-induced growth inhibition. In view of the synergistic toxic effect of DON and other mycotoxins, strategies to detect DON and control it biologically and the development of enzymes for the biodegradation of various mycotoxins and their introduction in the market are the current and future research hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Deng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing 401520, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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8
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Kang TH, Shin S, Park J, Lee BR, Lee SI. Pyroptosis-Mediated Damage Mechanism by Deoxynivalenol in Porcine Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040300. [PMID: 37104238 PMCID: PMC10146237 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is known as a vomitoxin, which frequently contaminates feedstuffs, such as corn, wheat, and barley. Intake of DON-contaminated feed has been known to cause undesirable effects, including diarrhea, emesis, reduced feed intake, nutrient malabsorption, weight loss, and delay in growth, in livestock. However, the molecular mechanism of DON-induced damage of the intestinal epithelium requires further investigation. Treatment with DON triggered ROS in IPEC-J2 cells and increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). To investigate the activation of the inflammasome, we confirmed the mRNA and protein expression levels of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1 (CASP-1). Moreover, we confirmed that caspase mediates the mature form of interleukin-18, and the cleaved form of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) was increased. Based on these results, our study suggests that DON can induce damage through oxidative stress and pyroptosis in the epithelial cells of the porcine small intestine via NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hong Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsu Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongWoong Park
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang In Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
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9
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Wu Q, You L, Wu W, Long M, Kuca K. Mycotoxins: Emerging toxic mechanisms, and unanswered research questions. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113673. [PMID: 36796619 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a series of toxic mechanisms have been explored in mycotoxins. Emerging evidence show that mycotoxins may induce human neurodegenerative diseases (ND); however, this idea is still unproven. Besides to identify this hypothesis, some questions, for example, how the mycotoxins induce this disease and what the molecular mechanism is, as well as whether the brain-gut axis is involved in this context, should be answered. Very recent studies further reported an "immune evasion" mechanism in trichothecenes; moreover, hypoxia seems to play important function in this process; nevertheless, whether this "immune evasion" process is present in other mycotoxins, especially in aflatoxins, should be tested. In this work, we mainly discussed some key scientific questions that need to be answered in the toxic mechanisms of mycotoxins. We especially focused on the research questions in the key signaling pathways, balance mechanism of immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects, and the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis. Interesting topics such as mycotoxins and aging, cytoskeleton and immunotoxicity are also discussed. More importantly, we compile a special issue: "New insight into mycotoxins and bacterial toxins: toxicity assessment, molecular mechanism and food safety" for Food and Chemical Toxicology. Researchers are encouraged to submit their newest work to this special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, 401520, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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